Maternal antibodies to gliadin and autism spectrum disorders in offspring-A population-based case-control study in Sweden / R. M. GARDNER in Autism Research, 14-9 (September 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.2002-2016 Titre : Maternal antibodies to gliadin and autism spectrum disorders in offspring-A population-based case-control study in Sweden Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. M. GARDNER, Auteur ; I. SAMUELSSON, Auteur ; E. G. SEVERANCE, Auteur ; H. SJÖQVIST, Auteur ; R. H. YOLKEN, Auteur ; C. DALMAN, Auteur ; H. KARLSSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2002-2016 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Case-Control Studies  Female  Gliadin  Humans  Pregnancy  Sweden/epidemiology  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  gliadin  gluten-sensitivity  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have higher levels of antibodies directed towards gliadin, a component of wheat gluten, no study has examined anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) in etiologically relevant periods before diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate if maternal levels of AGA, during pregnancy and at the time of birth, are associated with ASD in offspring. We analyzed AGA in archived neonatal dried blood spots (NDBS) for 921 ASD cases and 1090 controls, and in paired maternal sera collected earlier in pregnancy for a subset of 547 cases and 428 controls. We examined associations with ASD diagnoses as a group and considering common comorbidities (intellectual disability [ID] and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). We compared 206 cases to their unaffected siblings to examine the potential for confounding by shared familial factors. Odds of ASD tended to be lower among those with the highest levels (?90th percentile) of AGA compared to those with low levels (<80th percentile; OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.56-1.09, measured in NDBS). This pattern was more apparent for ASD with comorbid ID when measured in NDBS (0.51, 0.30-0.87), with a similar trend in maternal sera (0.55, 0.24-1.29). High levels of AGA were similarly associated with lower odds of ASD in the sibling comparison. In summary, we found little association between maternal antibodies raised against components of gluten and risk of ASD in general. Exposure to high levels of AGA in the pre- and perinatal periods may be protective in terms of risk for ASD with ID. LAY SUMMARY: There is a debate among both scientists and community members as to whether an immune reaction to gluten exposure could be considered a cause of autism. We examined antibodies that are directed against gliadin, a part of gluten, in samples collected from pregnant mothers and their newborn babies. We did not see any major differences in the antibody level among those children diagnosed with ASD or their mothers compared to children who were not diagnosed with ASD. High levels of the antibodies were in fact associated with a somewhat lower risk of ASD with co-occurring intellectual disabilities, though we cannot tell from this study why that might be the case. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Maternal antibodies to gliadin and autism spectrum disorders in offspring-A population-based case-control study in Sweden [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. M. GARDNER, Auteur ; I. SAMUELSSON, Auteur ; E. G. SEVERANCE, Auteur ; H. SJÖQVIST, Auteur ; R. H. YOLKEN, Auteur ; C. DALMAN, Auteur ; H. KARLSSON, Auteur . - p.2002-2016. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.2002-2016 Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Case-Control Studies  Female  Gliadin  Humans  Pregnancy  Sweden/epidemiology  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  gliadin  gluten-sensitivity  intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have higher levels of antibodies directed towards gliadin, a component of wheat gluten, no study has examined anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) in etiologically relevant periods before diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate if maternal levels of AGA, during pregnancy and at the time of birth, are associated with ASD in offspring. We analyzed AGA in archived neonatal dried blood spots (NDBS) for 921 ASD cases and 1090 controls, and in paired maternal sera collected earlier in pregnancy for a subset of 547 cases and 428 controls. We examined associations with ASD diagnoses as a group and considering common comorbidities (intellectual disability [ID] and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). We compared 206 cases to their unaffected siblings to examine the potential for confounding by shared familial factors. Odds of ASD tended to be lower among those with the highest levels (?90th percentile) of AGA compared to those with low levels (<80th percentile; OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.56-1.09, measured in NDBS). This pattern was more apparent for ASD with comorbid ID when measured in NDBS (0.51, 0.30-0.87), with a similar trend in maternal sera (0.55, 0.24-1.29). High levels of AGA were similarly associated with lower odds of ASD in the sibling comparison. In summary, we found little association between maternal antibodies raised against components of gluten and risk of ASD in general. Exposure to high levels of AGA in the pre- and perinatal periods may be protective in terms of risk for ASD with ID. LAY SUMMARY: There is a debate among both scientists and community members as to whether an immune reaction to gluten exposure could be considered a cause of autism. We examined antibodies that are directed against gliadin, a part of gluten, in samples collected from pregnant mothers and their newborn babies. We did not see any major differences in the antibody level among those children diagnosed with ASD or their mothers compared to children who were not diagnosed with ASD. High levels of the antibodies were in fact associated with a somewhat lower risk of ASD with co-occurring intellectual disabilities, though we cannot tell from this study why that might be the case. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Otitis media, antibiotics, and risk of autism spectrum disorder / T. WIMBERLEY in Autism Research, 11-10 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-10 (October 2018) . - p.1432-1440 Titre : Otitis media, antibiotics, and risk of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. WIMBERLEY, Auteur ; E. AGERBO, Auteur ; C. B. PEDERSEN, Auteur ; Soeren DALSGAARD, Auteur ; H. T. HORSDAL, Auteur ; P. B. MORTENSEN, Auteur ; W. K. THOMPSON, Auteur ; O. KOHLER-FORSBERG, Auteur ; R. H. YOLKEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1432-1440 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : antibiotics  autism spectrum disorder  epidemiology  otitis media Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Otitis media infections and antibiotic treatment have been linked to the risk of developing autism spectrum disorder. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may alter the composition of the gut flora microbiota, which is hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of the immune system. This study examines the interplay among otitis media, antibiotics, and the subsequent risk of developing autism. Based on the entire Danish population, 780,547 children were followed from birth (January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2008) until December 31, 2012. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios and absolute risks of autism with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) related to previous otitis media diagnoses and antibiotic prescriptions redeemed at Danish pharmacies. The absolute risk of autism before age 10 was increased among children with otitis media (1.2% for females and 3.3% for males) and in children who had redeemed an antibiotic prescription (0.6% and 2.7% for females and males) compared to children without a history of otitis media and antibiotics usage (0.4% for females and 1.9% for males). Similarly, we found an increased hazard ratio of autism associated with otitis media (1.83 95% CI 1.71-1.95) and antibiotics usage (1.29 95% CI 1.17-1.43). A history of both otitis media and antibiotic treatment did not further increase the risk of autism. Although the risk of autism was associated with otitis media and treatment with antibiotics, we found little evidence of a synergistic effect between otitis media infections and treatment with antibiotics. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1432-1440. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated whether otitis media ear infections and antibiotic treatment were associated with autism spectrum disorder. Autism was more common in children who had had an otitis media infection or who had been treated with antibiotics. Given the observational nature of our data, our study cannot be used to conclude that otitis media or use of antibiotics cause autism, as our findings may be subject to unobserved confounding. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2015 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] Otitis media, antibiotics, and risk of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. WIMBERLEY, Auteur ; E. AGERBO, Auteur ; C. B. PEDERSEN, Auteur ; Soeren DALSGAARD, Auteur ; H. T. HORSDAL, Auteur ; P. B. MORTENSEN, Auteur ; W. K. THOMPSON, Auteur ; O. KOHLER-FORSBERG, Auteur ; R. H. YOLKEN, Auteur . - p.1432-1440. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-10 (October 2018) . - p.1432-1440 Mots-clés : antibiotics  autism spectrum disorder  epidemiology  otitis media Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Otitis media infections and antibiotic treatment have been linked to the risk of developing autism spectrum disorder. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may alter the composition of the gut flora microbiota, which is hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of the immune system. This study examines the interplay among otitis media, antibiotics, and the subsequent risk of developing autism. Based on the entire Danish population, 780,547 children were followed from birth (January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2008) until December 31, 2012. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios and absolute risks of autism with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) related to previous otitis media diagnoses and antibiotic prescriptions redeemed at Danish pharmacies. The absolute risk of autism before age 10 was increased among children with otitis media (1.2% for females and 3.3% for males) and in children who had redeemed an antibiotic prescription (0.6% and 2.7% for females and males) compared to children without a history of otitis media and antibiotics usage (0.4% for females and 1.9% for males). Similarly, we found an increased hazard ratio of autism associated with otitis media (1.83 95% CI 1.71-1.95) and antibiotics usage (1.29 95% CI 1.17-1.43). A history of both otitis media and antibiotic treatment did not further increase the risk of autism. Although the risk of autism was associated with otitis media and treatment with antibiotics, we found little evidence of a synergistic effect between otitis media infections and treatment with antibiotics. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1432-1440. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated whether otitis media ear infections and antibiotic treatment were associated with autism spectrum disorder. Autism was more common in children who had had an otitis media infection or who had been treated with antibiotics. Given the observational nature of our data, our study cannot be used to conclude that otitis media or use of antibiotics cause autism, as our findings may be subject to unobserved confounding. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2015 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

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