A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores / Michael C.W. ENGLISH in Autism Research, 13-1 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-1 (January 2020) . - p.45-60 Titre : A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael C.W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A.W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J.O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.45-60 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aq  Raine study  autism  autism-spectrum quotient  autistic traits  confirmatory factor analysis  factor model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a psychometric scale that is commonly used to assess autistic-like traits and behaviors expressed by neurotypical individuals. A potential strength of the AQ is that it provides subscale scores that are specific to certain dimensions associated with autism such as social difficulty and restricted interests. However, multiple psychometric evaluations of the AQ have led to substantial disagreement as to how many factors exist in the scale, and how these factors are defined. These challenges have been exacerbated by limitations in study designs, such as insufficient sample sizes as well as a reliance on Pearson, rather than polychoric, correlations. In addition, several proposed models of the AQ suggest that some factors are uncorrelated, or negatively correlated, which has ramifications for whether total-scale scores are meaningfully interpretable-an issue not raised by previous work. The aims of the current study were to provide: (a) guidance as to which models of the AQ are viable for research purposes, and (b) evidence as to whether total-scale scores are adequately interpretable for research purposes. We conducted a comprehensive series of confirmatory factor analyses on 11 competing AQ models using two large samples drawn from an undergraduate population (n = 1,702) and the general population (n = 1,280). Psychometric evidence largely supported using the three-factor model described by Russell-Smith et al. [Personality and Individual Differences 51(2), 128-132 (2011)], but did not support the use of total-scale scores. We recommend that researchers consider using AQ subscale scores instead of total-scale scores. Autism Res 2020, 13: 45-60. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined 11 different ways of scoring subscales in the popular Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire in two large samples of participants (i.e., general population and undergraduate students). We found that a three-subscale model that used "Social Skill," "Patterns/Details," and "Communication/Mindreading" subscales was the best way to examine specific types of autistic traits in the AQ. We also found some weak associations between the three subscales-for example, being high on the "Patterns/Details" subscale was not predictive of scores on the other subscales. This means that meaningful interpretation of overall scores on the AQ is limited. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415 [article] A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores [texte imprimé] / Michael C.W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A.W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J.O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur . - p.45-60. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-1 (January 2020) . - p.45-60 Mots-clés : Aq  Raine study  autism  autism-spectrum quotient  autistic traits  confirmatory factor analysis  factor model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a psychometric scale that is commonly used to assess autistic-like traits and behaviors expressed by neurotypical individuals. A potential strength of the AQ is that it provides subscale scores that are specific to certain dimensions associated with autism such as social difficulty and restricted interests. However, multiple psychometric evaluations of the AQ have led to substantial disagreement as to how many factors exist in the scale, and how these factors are defined. These challenges have been exacerbated by limitations in study designs, such as insufficient sample sizes as well as a reliance on Pearson, rather than polychoric, correlations. In addition, several proposed models of the AQ suggest that some factors are uncorrelated, or negatively correlated, which has ramifications for whether total-scale scores are meaningfully interpretable-an issue not raised by previous work. The aims of the current study were to provide: (a) guidance as to which models of the AQ are viable for research purposes, and (b) evidence as to whether total-scale scores are adequately interpretable for research purposes. We conducted a comprehensive series of confirmatory factor analyses on 11 competing AQ models using two large samples drawn from an undergraduate population (n = 1,702) and the general population (n = 1,280). Psychometric evidence largely supported using the three-factor model described by Russell-Smith et al. [Personality and Individual Differences 51(2), 128-132 (2011)], but did not support the use of total-scale scores. We recommend that researchers consider using AQ subscale scores instead of total-scale scores. Autism Res 2020, 13: 45-60. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined 11 different ways of scoring subscales in the popular Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire in two large samples of participants (i.e., general population and undergraduate students). We found that a three-subscale model that used "Social Skill," "Patterns/Details," and "Communication/Mindreading" subscales was the best way to examine specific types of autistic traits in the AQ. We also found some weak associations between the three subscales-for example, being high on the "Patterns/Details" subscale was not predictive of scores on the other subscales. This means that meaningful interpretation of overall scores on the AQ is limited. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415

Correction to: The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population / Michael C.W. ENGLISH in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 70 p. Titre : Correction to: The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael C.W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A.W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J.O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; James T. ENNS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 70 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00475-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Correction to: The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population [texte imprimé] / Michael C.W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A.W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J.O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; James T. ENNS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur . - 70 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 70 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00475-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population / Michael C.W. ENGLISH in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 37 p. Titre : The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael C.W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A.W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J.O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; James T. ENNS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 37 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Autistic traits  Broader autism spectrum  Factor analysis  General population  Questionnaire  Self-report  Subscales Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Traits and characteristics qualitatively similar to those seen in diagnosed autism spectrum disorder can be found to varying degrees in the general population. To measure these traits and facilitate their use in autism research, several questionnaires have been developed that provide broad measures of autistic traits [e.g. Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ)]. However, since their development, our understanding of autism has grown considerably, and it is arguable that existing measures do not provide an ideal representation of the trait dimensions currently associated with autism. Our aim was to create a new measure of autistic traits that reflects our current understanding of autism, the Comprehensive Autism Trait Inventory (CATI). METHODS: In Study 1, 107 pilot items were administered to 1119 individuals in the general population and exploratory factor analysis of responses used to create the 42-item CATI comprising six subscales: Social Interactions, Communication, Social Camouflage, Repetitive Behaviours, Cognitive Rigidity, and Sensory Sensitivity. In Study 2, the CATI was administered to 1068 new individuals and confirmatory factor analysis used to verify the factor structure. The AQ and BAPQ were administered to validate the CATI, and additional autistic participants were recruited to compare the predictive ability of the measures. In Study 3, to validate the CATI subscales, the CATI was administered to 195 new individuals along with existing valid measures qualitatively similar to each CATI subscale. RESULTS: The CATI showed convergent validity at both the total-scale (r ≥ .79) and subscale level (r ≥ .68). The CATI also showed superior internal reliability for total-scale scores (α = .95) relative to the AQ (α = .90) and BAPQ (α = .94), consistently high reliability for subscales (α > .81), greater predictive ability for classifying autism (Youden's Index = .62 vs .56-.59), and demonstrated measurement invariance for sex. LIMITATIONS: Analyses of predictive ability for classifying autism depended upon self-reported diagnosis or identification of autism. The autistic sample was not large enough to test measurement invariance of autism diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The CATI is a reliable and economical new measure that provides observations across a wide range of trait dimensions associated with autism, potentially precluding the need to administer multiple measures, and to our knowledge, the CATI is also the first broad measure of autistic traits to have dedicated subscales for social camouflage and sensory sensitivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00445-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population [texte imprimé] / Michael C.W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A.W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J.O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; James T. ENNS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur . - 37 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 37 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Autistic traits  Broader autism spectrum  Factor analysis  General population  Questionnaire  Self-report  Subscales Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Traits and characteristics qualitatively similar to those seen in diagnosed autism spectrum disorder can be found to varying degrees in the general population. To measure these traits and facilitate their use in autism research, several questionnaires have been developed that provide broad measures of autistic traits [e.g. Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ)]. However, since their development, our understanding of autism has grown considerably, and it is arguable that existing measures do not provide an ideal representation of the trait dimensions currently associated with autism. Our aim was to create a new measure of autistic traits that reflects our current understanding of autism, the Comprehensive Autism Trait Inventory (CATI). METHODS: In Study 1, 107 pilot items were administered to 1119 individuals in the general population and exploratory factor analysis of responses used to create the 42-item CATI comprising six subscales: Social Interactions, Communication, Social Camouflage, Repetitive Behaviours, Cognitive Rigidity, and Sensory Sensitivity. In Study 2, the CATI was administered to 1068 new individuals and confirmatory factor analysis used to verify the factor structure. The AQ and BAPQ were administered to validate the CATI, and additional autistic participants were recruited to compare the predictive ability of the measures. In Study 3, to validate the CATI subscales, the CATI was administered to 195 new individuals along with existing valid measures qualitatively similar to each CATI subscale. RESULTS: The CATI showed convergent validity at both the total-scale (r ≥ .79) and subscale level (r ≥ .68). The CATI also showed superior internal reliability for total-scale scores (α = .95) relative to the AQ (α = .90) and BAPQ (α = .94), consistently high reliability for subscales (α > .81), greater predictive ability for classifying autism (Youden's Index = .62 vs .56-.59), and demonstrated measurement invariance for sex. LIMITATIONS: Analyses of predictive ability for classifying autism depended upon self-reported diagnosis or identification of autism. The autistic sample was not large enough to test measurement invariance of autism diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The CATI is a reliable and economical new measure that provides observations across a wide range of trait dimensions associated with autism, potentially precluding the need to administer multiple measures, and to our knowledge, the CATI is also the first broad measure of autistic traits to have dedicated subscales for social camouflage and sensory sensitivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00445-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

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