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A Relationship Between Early Language Skills and Adult Autistic-Like Traits: Evidence from a Longitudinal Population-Based Study / Rebecca M. ARMSTRONG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-5 (May 2017)
[article]
Titre : A Relationship Between Early Language Skills and Adult Autistic-Like Traits: Evidence from a Longitudinal Population-Based Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca M. ARMSTRONG, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; James G. SCOTT, Auteur ; David A. COPLAND, Auteur ; Katie L. MCMAHON, Auteur ; Sophie FLEMING, Auteur ; Wendy ARNOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1478-1489 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Autistic-like traits Early language skills Late talking Raine Study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study examined the relationship between early language ability and autistic-like traits in adulthood, utilising data from 644 participants from a longitudinal study of the general population. Language performance at 2 years was measured with the Language Development Survey (LDS), and at 20 years the participants completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Vocabulary size at 2 years was negatively associated with Total AQ score, as well as scores on the Communication, and Social Skills subscales. Adults who had been late talkers were also more likely to have ‘high’ scores on the Communication subscale. This is the first study to show an association between early language ability and autistic-like traits in adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3014-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-5 (May 2017) . - p.1478-1489[article] A Relationship Between Early Language Skills and Adult Autistic-Like Traits: Evidence from a Longitudinal Population-Based Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca M. ARMSTRONG, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; James G. SCOTT, Auteur ; David A. COPLAND, Auteur ; Katie L. MCMAHON, Auteur ; Sophie FLEMING, Auteur ; Wendy ARNOTT, Auteur . - p.1478-1489.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-5 (May 2017) . - p.1478-1489
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Autistic-like traits Early language skills Late talking Raine Study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study examined the relationship between early language ability and autistic-like traits in adulthood, utilising data from 644 participants from a longitudinal study of the general population. Language performance at 2 years was measured with the Language Development Survey (LDS), and at 20 years the participants completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Vocabulary size at 2 years was negatively associated with Total AQ score, as well as scores on the Communication, and Social Skills subscales. Adults who had been late talkers were also more likely to have ‘high’ scores on the Communication subscale. This is the first study to show an association between early language ability and autistic-like traits in adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3014-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305 Prospective associations between dietary patterns and cognitive performance during adolescence / Anett NYARADI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-9 (September 2014)
[article]
Titre : Prospective associations between dietary patterns and cognitive performance during adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anett NYARADI, Auteur ; Jonathan K. FOSTER, Auteur ; Siobhan HICKLING, Auteur ; Jianghong LI, Auteur ; Gina L. AMBROSINI, Auteur ; Angela JACQUES, Auteur ; Wendy H. ODDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1017-1024 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Nutrition dietary pattern cognition adolescents Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The aim of the study was to investigate prospective associations between dietary patterns and cognitive performance during adolescence. Methods Participants were sourced from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study that includes 2868 children born between 1989 and 1992 in Perth, Western Australia. When the children were 17 years old (2006–2009), cognitive performance was assessed using a computerized cognitive battery of tests (CogState) that included six tasks. Using a food frequency questionnaire administered when the children were 14 years old (2003–2006), ‘Healthy’ and ‘Western’ dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Associations between dietary patterns at 14 years of age and cognitive performance at 17 years of age were assessed prospectively using multivariate regression models. Results Dietary and cognitive performance data were available for 602 participants. Following adjustment for the ‘Healthy’ dietary pattern, total energy intake, maternal education, family income, father's presence in the family, family functioning and gender, we found that a longer reaction time in the detection task (? = .016; 95% CI: 0.004; 0.028; p = .009) and a higher number of total errors in the Groton Maze Learning Test – delayed recall task (? = .060; 95% CI: 0.006; 0.114; p = .029) were significantly associated with higher scores on the ‘Western’ dietary pattern. The ‘Western’ dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of take-away food, red and processed meat, soft drink, fried and refined food. We also found that within the dietary patterns, high intake of fried potato, crisps and red meat had negative associations, while increased fruit and leafy green vegetable intake had positive associations with some aspects of cognitive performance. Conclusion Higher dietary intake of the ‘Western’ dietary pattern at age 14 is associated with diminished cognitive performance 3 years later, at 17 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12209 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-9 (September 2014) . - p.1017-1024[article] Prospective associations between dietary patterns and cognitive performance during adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anett NYARADI, Auteur ; Jonathan K. FOSTER, Auteur ; Siobhan HICKLING, Auteur ; Jianghong LI, Auteur ; Gina L. AMBROSINI, Auteur ; Angela JACQUES, Auteur ; Wendy H. ODDY, Auteur . - p.1017-1024.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-9 (September 2014) . - p.1017-1024
Mots-clés : Nutrition dietary pattern cognition adolescents Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The aim of the study was to investigate prospective associations between dietary patterns and cognitive performance during adolescence. Methods Participants were sourced from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study that includes 2868 children born between 1989 and 1992 in Perth, Western Australia. When the children were 17 years old (2006–2009), cognitive performance was assessed using a computerized cognitive battery of tests (CogState) that included six tasks. Using a food frequency questionnaire administered when the children were 14 years old (2003–2006), ‘Healthy’ and ‘Western’ dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Associations between dietary patterns at 14 years of age and cognitive performance at 17 years of age were assessed prospectively using multivariate regression models. Results Dietary and cognitive performance data were available for 602 participants. Following adjustment for the ‘Healthy’ dietary pattern, total energy intake, maternal education, family income, father's presence in the family, family functioning and gender, we found that a longer reaction time in the detection task (? = .016; 95% CI: 0.004; 0.028; p = .009) and a higher number of total errors in the Groton Maze Learning Test – delayed recall task (? = .060; 95% CI: 0.006; 0.114; p = .029) were significantly associated with higher scores on the ‘Western’ dietary pattern. The ‘Western’ dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of take-away food, red and processed meat, soft drink, fried and refined food. We also found that within the dietary patterns, high intake of fried potato, crisps and red meat had negative associations, while increased fruit and leafy green vegetable intake had positive associations with some aspects of cognitive performance. Conclusion Higher dietary intake of the ‘Western’ dietary pattern at age 14 is associated with diminished cognitive performance 3 years later, at 17 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12209 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Autism Research, 13-1 (January 2020)
[article]
Titre : A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.45-60 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aq Raine study autism autism-spectrum quotient autistic traits confirmatory factor analysis factor model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a psychometric scale that is commonly used to assess autistic-like traits and behaviors expressed by neurotypical individuals. A potential strength of the AQ is that it provides subscale scores that are specific to certain dimensions associated with autism such as social difficulty and restricted interests. However, multiple psychometric evaluations of the AQ have led to substantial disagreement as to how many factors exist in the scale, and how these factors are defined. These challenges have been exacerbated by limitations in study designs, such as insufficient sample sizes as well as a reliance on Pearson, rather than polychoric, correlations. In addition, several proposed models of the AQ suggest that some factors are uncorrelated, or negatively correlated, which has ramifications for whether total-scale scores are meaningfully interpretable-an issue not raised by previous work. The aims of the current study were to provide: (a) guidance as to which models of the AQ are viable for research purposes, and (b) evidence as to whether total-scale scores are adequately interpretable for research purposes. We conducted a comprehensive series of confirmatory factor analyses on 11 competing AQ models using two large samples drawn from an undergraduate population (n = 1,702) and the general population (n = 1,280). Psychometric evidence largely supported using the three-factor model described by Russell-Smith et al. [Personality and Individual Differences 51(2), 128-132 (2011)], but did not support the use of total-scale scores. We recommend that researchers consider using AQ subscale scores instead of total-scale scores. Autism Res 2020, 13: 45-60. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined 11 different ways of scoring subscales in the popular Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire in two large samples of participants (i.e., general population and undergraduate students). We found that a three-subscale model that used "Social Skill," "Patterns/Details," and "Communication/Mindreading" subscales was the best way to examine specific types of autistic traits in the AQ. We also found some weak associations between the three subscales-for example, being high on the "Patterns/Details" subscale was not predictive of scores on the other subscales. This means that meaningful interpretation of overall scores on the AQ is limited. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415
in Autism Research > 13-1 (January 2020) . - p.45-60[article] A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur . - p.45-60.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-1 (January 2020) . - p.45-60
Mots-clés : Aq Raine study autism autism-spectrum quotient autistic traits confirmatory factor analysis factor model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a psychometric scale that is commonly used to assess autistic-like traits and behaviors expressed by neurotypical individuals. A potential strength of the AQ is that it provides subscale scores that are specific to certain dimensions associated with autism such as social difficulty and restricted interests. However, multiple psychometric evaluations of the AQ have led to substantial disagreement as to how many factors exist in the scale, and how these factors are defined. These challenges have been exacerbated by limitations in study designs, such as insufficient sample sizes as well as a reliance on Pearson, rather than polychoric, correlations. In addition, several proposed models of the AQ suggest that some factors are uncorrelated, or negatively correlated, which has ramifications for whether total-scale scores are meaningfully interpretable-an issue not raised by previous work. The aims of the current study were to provide: (a) guidance as to which models of the AQ are viable for research purposes, and (b) evidence as to whether total-scale scores are adequately interpretable for research purposes. We conducted a comprehensive series of confirmatory factor analyses on 11 competing AQ models using two large samples drawn from an undergraduate population (n = 1,702) and the general population (n = 1,280). Psychometric evidence largely supported using the three-factor model described by Russell-Smith et al. [Personality and Individual Differences 51(2), 128-132 (2011)], but did not support the use of total-scale scores. We recommend that researchers consider using AQ subscale scores instead of total-scale scores. Autism Res 2020, 13: 45-60. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined 11 different ways of scoring subscales in the popular Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire in two large samples of participants (i.e., general population and undergraduate students). We found that a three-subscale model that used "Social Skill," "Patterns/Details," and "Communication/Mindreading" subscales was the best way to examine specific types of autistic traits in the AQ. We also found some weak associations between the three subscales-for example, being high on the "Patterns/Details" subscale was not predictive of scores on the other subscales. This means that meaningful interpretation of overall scores on the AQ is limited. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415 Sex-specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood / Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-7 (July 2012)
[article]
Titre : Sex-specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Eugen MATTES, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.726-734 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Testosterone language delay sex-difference developmental language disorder Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that prenatal testosterone exposure may be associated with language delay. However, no study has examined a large sample of children at multiple time-points.
Methods: Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained at 861 births and analysed for bioavailable testosterone (BioT) concentrations. When participating offspring were 1, 2 and 3 years of age, parents of 767 children (males = 395; females = 372) completed the Infant Monitoring Questionnaire (IMQ), which measures Communication, Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Adaptive and Personal–Social development. Cut-off scores are available for each scale at each age to identify children with ‘clinically significant’ developmental delays. Chi-square analyses and generalized estimating equations examined longitudinal associations between sex-specific quartiles of BioT concentrations and the rate of developmental delay.
Results: Significantly more males than females had language delay (Communication scale) at age 1, 2 and 3 years (p-values ≤. 01). Males were also more likely to be classified as delayed on the Fine-Motor (p = .04) and Personal–Social (p < .01) scales at age 3 years. Chi-square analyses found a significant difference between BioT quartiles in the rate of language delay (but not Fine-Motor and Personal–Social delay) for males (age 3) and females (age 1 and 3). Generalized estimating equations, incorporating a range of sociodemographic and obstetric variables, found that males in the highest BioT quartile were at increased risk for a clinically significant language delay during the first 3 years of life, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 5.47). By contrast, increasing levels of BioT reduced the risk of language delay among females (Quartile 2: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.59; Quartile 4: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.99).
Conclusion: These data suggest that high prenatal testosterone levels are a risk factor for language delay in males, but may be a protective factor for females.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02523.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-7 (July 2012) . - p.726-734[article] Sex-specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Eugen MATTES, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.726-734.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-7 (July 2012) . - p.726-734
Mots-clés : Testosterone language delay sex-difference developmental language disorder Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that prenatal testosterone exposure may be associated with language delay. However, no study has examined a large sample of children at multiple time-points.
Methods: Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained at 861 births and analysed for bioavailable testosterone (BioT) concentrations. When participating offspring were 1, 2 and 3 years of age, parents of 767 children (males = 395; females = 372) completed the Infant Monitoring Questionnaire (IMQ), which measures Communication, Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Adaptive and Personal–Social development. Cut-off scores are available for each scale at each age to identify children with ‘clinically significant’ developmental delays. Chi-square analyses and generalized estimating equations examined longitudinal associations between sex-specific quartiles of BioT concentrations and the rate of developmental delay.
Results: Significantly more males than females had language delay (Communication scale) at age 1, 2 and 3 years (p-values ≤. 01). Males were also more likely to be classified as delayed on the Fine-Motor (p = .04) and Personal–Social (p < .01) scales at age 3 years. Chi-square analyses found a significant difference between BioT quartiles in the rate of language delay (but not Fine-Motor and Personal–Social delay) for males (age 3) and females (age 1 and 3). Generalized estimating equations, incorporating a range of sociodemographic and obstetric variables, found that males in the highest BioT quartile were at increased risk for a clinically significant language delay during the first 3 years of life, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 5.47). By contrast, increasing levels of BioT reduced the risk of language delay among females (Quartile 2: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.59; Quartile 4: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.99).
Conclusion: These data suggest that high prenatal testosterone levels are a risk factor for language delay in males, but may be a protective factor for females.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02523.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166 Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population / S. Z. GILANI in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)
[article]
Titre : Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; S. N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; F. SHAFAIT, Auteur ; M. GOONEWARDENE, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.14 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Autism spectrum disorder Facial features Femininity Gender defiant disorder Hypermasculinisation Masculinity Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: In a recent study, Bejerot et al. observed that several physical features (including faces) of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were more androgynous than those of their typically developed counterparts, suggesting that ASD may be understood as a 'gender defiant' disorder. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the hypermasculinisation account, which proposes that ASD may be an exaggerated form of cognitive and biological masculinity. The current study extended these data by first identifying six facial features that best distinguished males and females from the general population and then examining these features in typically developing groups selected for high and low levels of autistic-like traits. METHODS: In study 1, three-dimensional (3D) facial images were collected from 208 young adult males and females recruited from the general population. Twenty-three facial distances were measured from these images and a gender classification and scoring algorithm was employed to identify a set of six facial features that most effectively distinguished male from female faces. In study 2, measurements of these six features were compared for groups of young adults selected for high (n = 46) or low (n = 66) levels of autistic-like traits. RESULTS: For each sex, four of the six sexually dimorphic facial distances significantly differentiated participants with high levels of autistic-like traits from those with low trait levels. All four features were less masculinised for high-trait males compared to low-trait males. Three of four features were less feminised for high-trait females compared to low-trait females. One feature was, however, not consistent with the general pattern of findings and was more feminised among females who reported more autistic-like traits. Based on the four significantly different facial distances for each sex, discriminant function analysis correctly classified 89.7% of the males and 88.9% of the females into their respective high- and low-trait groups. CONCLUSIONS: The current data provide support for Bejerot et al.'s androgyny account since males and females with high levels of autistic-like traits generally showed less sex-typical facial features than individuals with low levels of autistic-like traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9109-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.14[article] Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; S. N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; F. SHAFAIT, Auteur ; M. GOONEWARDENE, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.14.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.14
Mots-clés : Autism Autism spectrum disorder Facial features Femininity Gender defiant disorder Hypermasculinisation Masculinity Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: In a recent study, Bejerot et al. observed that several physical features (including faces) of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were more androgynous than those of their typically developed counterparts, suggesting that ASD may be understood as a 'gender defiant' disorder. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the hypermasculinisation account, which proposes that ASD may be an exaggerated form of cognitive and biological masculinity. The current study extended these data by first identifying six facial features that best distinguished males and females from the general population and then examining these features in typically developing groups selected for high and low levels of autistic-like traits. METHODS: In study 1, three-dimensional (3D) facial images were collected from 208 young adult males and females recruited from the general population. Twenty-three facial distances were measured from these images and a gender classification and scoring algorithm was employed to identify a set of six facial features that most effectively distinguished male from female faces. In study 2, measurements of these six features were compared for groups of young adults selected for high (n = 46) or low (n = 66) levels of autistic-like traits. RESULTS: For each sex, four of the six sexually dimorphic facial distances significantly differentiated participants with high levels of autistic-like traits from those with low trait levels. All four features were less masculinised for high-trait males compared to low-trait males. Three of four features were less feminised for high-trait females compared to low-trait females. One feature was, however, not consistent with the general pattern of findings and was more feminised among females who reported more autistic-like traits. Based on the four significantly different facial distances for each sex, discriminant function analysis correctly classified 89.7% of the males and 88.9% of the females into their respective high- and low-trait groups. CONCLUSIONS: The current data provide support for Bejerot et al.'s androgyny account since males and females with high levels of autistic-like traits generally showed less sex-typical facial features than individuals with low levels of autistic-like traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9109-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347 Brief Report: Autistic-Like Traits in Childhood Predict Later Age at Menarche in Girls / Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-8 (August 2011)
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