A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Autism Research, 13-1 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-1 (January 2020) . - p.45-60 Titre : A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.45-60 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aq  Raine study  autism  autism-spectrum quotient  autistic traits  confirmatory factor analysis  factor model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a psychometric scale that is commonly used to assess autistic-like traits and behaviors expressed by neurotypical individuals. A potential strength of the AQ is that it provides subscale scores that are specific to certain dimensions associated with autism such as social difficulty and restricted interests. However, multiple psychometric evaluations of the AQ have led to substantial disagreement as to how many factors exist in the scale, and how these factors are defined. These challenges have been exacerbated by limitations in study designs, such as insufficient sample sizes as well as a reliance on Pearson, rather than polychoric, correlations. In addition, several proposed models of the AQ suggest that some factors are uncorrelated, or negatively correlated, which has ramifications for whether total-scale scores are meaningfully interpretable-an issue not raised by previous work. The aims of the current study were to provide: (a) guidance as to which models of the AQ are viable for research purposes, and (b) evidence as to whether total-scale scores are adequately interpretable for research purposes. We conducted a comprehensive series of confirmatory factor analyses on 11 competing AQ models using two large samples drawn from an undergraduate population (n = 1,702) and the general population (n = 1,280). Psychometric evidence largely supported using the three-factor model described by Russell-Smith et al. [Personality and Individual Differences 51(2), 128-132 (2011)], but did not support the use of total-scale scores. We recommend that researchers consider using AQ subscale scores instead of total-scale scores. Autism Res 2020, 13: 45-60. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined 11 different ways of scoring subscales in the popular Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire in two large samples of participants (i.e., general population and undergraduate students). We found that a three-subscale model that used "Social Skill," "Patterns/Details," and "Communication/Mindreading" subscales was the best way to examine specific types of autistic traits in the AQ. We also found some weak associations between the three subscales-for example, being high on the "Patterns/Details" subscale was not predictive of scores on the other subscales. This means that meaningful interpretation of overall scores on the AQ is limited. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415 [article] A comprehensive psychometric analysis of autism-spectrum quotient factor models using two large samples: Model recommendations and the influence of divergent traits on total-scale scores [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Gilles E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur . - p.45-60. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-1 (January 2020) . - p.45-60 Mots-clés : Aq  Raine study  autism  autism-spectrum quotient  autistic traits  confirmatory factor analysis  factor model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a psychometric scale that is commonly used to assess autistic-like traits and behaviors expressed by neurotypical individuals. A potential strength of the AQ is that it provides subscale scores that are specific to certain dimensions associated with autism such as social difficulty and restricted interests. However, multiple psychometric evaluations of the AQ have led to substantial disagreement as to how many factors exist in the scale, and how these factors are defined. These challenges have been exacerbated by limitations in study designs, such as insufficient sample sizes as well as a reliance on Pearson, rather than polychoric, correlations. In addition, several proposed models of the AQ suggest that some factors are uncorrelated, or negatively correlated, which has ramifications for whether total-scale scores are meaningfully interpretable-an issue not raised by previous work. The aims of the current study were to provide: (a) guidance as to which models of the AQ are viable for research purposes, and (b) evidence as to whether total-scale scores are adequately interpretable for research purposes. We conducted a comprehensive series of confirmatory factor analyses on 11 competing AQ models using two large samples drawn from an undergraduate population (n = 1,702) and the general population (n = 1,280). Psychometric evidence largely supported using the three-factor model described by Russell-Smith et al. [Personality and Individual Differences 51(2), 128-132 (2011)], but did not support the use of total-scale scores. We recommend that researchers consider using AQ subscale scores instead of total-scale scores. Autism Res 2020, 13: 45-60. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined 11 different ways of scoring subscales in the popular Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire in two large samples of participants (i.e., general population and undergraduate students). We found that a three-subscale model that used "Social Skill," "Patterns/Details," and "Communication/Mindreading" subscales was the best way to examine specific types of autistic traits in the AQ. We also found some weak associations between the three subscales-for example, being high on the "Patterns/Details" subscale was not predictive of scores on the other subscales. This means that meaningful interpretation of overall scores on the AQ is limited. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415

Correction to: The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population / M. C. W. ENGLISH in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 70 p. Titre : Correction to: The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; G. E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; J. T. ENNS, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 70 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00475-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Correction to: The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; G. E. GIGNAC, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; J. T. ENNS, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur . - 70 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 70 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00475-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Individuals with Autistic-Like Traits Show Reduced Lateralization on a Greyscales Task / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-10 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-10 (October 2015) . - p.3390-3395 Titre : Individuals with Autistic-Like Traits Show Reduced Lateralization on a Greyscales Task Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3390-3395 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic-like traits  Left visual field (LVF) bias  Brain laterality  Spatial attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum conditions attend less to the left side of centrally presented face stimuli compared to neurotypical individuals, suggesting a reduction in right hemisphere activation. We examined whether a similar bias exists for non-facial stimuli in a large sample of neurotypical adults rated above- or below-average on the autism spectrum quotient (AQ). Using the “greyscales” task, we found the typical leftward bias in the below-average group was significantly reduced in the above-average group. Moreover, a negative correlation between leftward bias and the social skills factor of the AQ suggested a link between atypical hemispheric activation and social difficulties in high-AQ trait individuals that extends to non-facial stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2493-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Individuals with Autistic-Like Traits Show Reduced Lateralization on a Greyscales Task [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur . - p.3390-3395. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-10 (October 2015) . - p.3390-3395 Mots-clés : Autistic-like traits  Left visual field (LVF) bias  Brain laterality  Spatial attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum conditions attend less to the left side of centrally presented face stimuli compared to neurotypical individuals, suggesting a reduction in right hemisphere activation. We examined whether a similar bias exists for non-facial stimuli in a large sample of neurotypical adults rated above- or below-average on the autism spectrum quotient (AQ). Using the “greyscales” task, we found the typical leftward bias in the below-average group was significantly reduced in the above-average group. Moreover, a negative correlation between leftward bias and the social skills factor of the AQ suggested a link between atypical hemispheric activation and social difficulties in high-AQ trait individuals that extends to non-facial stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2493-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

Modulating attentional biases of adults with autistic traits using transcranial direct current stimulation: A pilot study / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.385-390 Titre : Modulating attentional biases of adults with autistic traits using transcranial direct current stimulation: A pilot study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Emma S. KITCHING, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.385-390 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While neurotypical individuals over?attend to the left?side of centrally?presented visual stimuli, this bias is reduced in individuals with autism/high levels of autistic traits. Because this difference is hypothesized to reflect relative reductions in right?hemisphere activation, it follows that increasing right?hemisphere activation should increase leftward bias. We administered transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right posterior parietal cortex to individuals with low levels (n?=?19) and high levels (n?=?19) of autistic traits whilst they completed a greyscales task. Anodal tDCS increased leftward bias for high?trait, but not low?trait, individuals, while cathodal tDCS had no effect. This outcome suggests that typical attentional patterns driven by hemispheric lateralization could potentially be restored following right?hemisphere stimulation in high?trait individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 385–390. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Attentional differences between individuals with and without autism may reflect differences in underlying activation of the left and right hemispheres. In this study, we combine an attentional task that reflects relative hemispheric activation with non?invasive cortical stimulation, and show that attentional differences between healthy individuals with low and high levels of autistic?like traits can be reduced. This outcome is encouraging, and suggests that other aspects of attention in autism (e.g., face processing) may stand to benefit from similar stimulation techniques. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Modulating attentional biases of adults with autistic traits using transcranial direct current stimulation: A pilot study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Emma S. KITCHING, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.385-390. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.385-390 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While neurotypical individuals over?attend to the left?side of centrally?presented visual stimuli, this bias is reduced in individuals with autism/high levels of autistic traits. Because this difference is hypothesized to reflect relative reductions in right?hemisphere activation, it follows that increasing right?hemisphere activation should increase leftward bias. We administered transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right posterior parietal cortex to individuals with low levels (n?=?19) and high levels (n?=?19) of autistic traits whilst they completed a greyscales task. Anodal tDCS increased leftward bias for high?trait, but not low?trait, individuals, while cathodal tDCS had no effect. This outcome suggests that typical attentional patterns driven by hemispheric lateralization could potentially be restored following right?hemisphere stimulation in high?trait individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 385–390. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Attentional differences between individuals with and without autism may reflect differences in underlying activation of the left and right hemispheres. In this study, we combine an attentional task that reflects relative hemispheric activation with non?invasive cortical stimulation, and show that attentional differences between healthy individuals with low and high levels of autistic?like traits can be reduced. This outcome is encouraging, and suggests that other aspects of attention in autism (e.g., face processing) may stand to benefit from similar stimulation techniques. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Modulation of Global and Local Processing Biases in Adults with Autistic-like Traits / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-9 (September 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-9 (September 2017) . - p.2757-2769 Titre : Modulation of Global and Local Processing Biases in Adults with Autistic-like Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2757-2769 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Global processing  Local processing  Autistic traits  Autism  Hierarchical figures  Continuous performance task  Attentional training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work shows that doing a continuous performance task (CPT) shifts attentional biases in neurotypical individuals towards global aspects of hierarchical Navon figures by selectively activating right hemisphere regions associated with global processing. The present study examines whether CPT can induce similar modulations of attention in individuals with high levels of autistic traits who typically show global processing impairments. Participants categorized global or local aspects of Navon figures in pre- and post-CPT blocks. Post-CPT, high trait individuals showed increased global interference during local categorization. This result suggests that CPT may be useful for temporarily enhancing global processing in individuals with high levels of autistic traits and possibly those diagnosed with autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3198-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315 [article] Modulation of Global and Local Processing Biases in Adults with Autistic-like Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur . - p.2757-2769. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-9 (September 2017) . - p.2757-2769 Mots-clés : Attention  Global processing  Local processing  Autistic traits  Autism  Hierarchical figures  Continuous performance task  Attentional training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work shows that doing a continuous performance task (CPT) shifts attentional biases in neurotypical individuals towards global aspects of hierarchical Navon figures by selectively activating right hemisphere regions associated with global processing. The present study examines whether CPT can induce similar modulations of attention in individuals with high levels of autistic traits who typically show global processing impairments. Participants categorized global or local aspects of Navon figures in pre- and post-CPT blocks. Post-CPT, high trait individuals showed increased global interference during local categorization. This result suggests that CPT may be useful for temporarily enhancing global processing in individuals with high levels of autistic traits and possibly those diagnosed with autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3198-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315

Reduced Pseudoneglect for Physical Space, but not Mental Representations of Space, for Adults with Autistic Traits / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-7 (July 2017)  

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A review of behavioral evidence for hemispheric asymmetry of visuospatial attention in autism / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Autism Research, 16-6 (June 2023)  

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The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population / M. C. W. ENGLISH in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

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Threatening faces fail to guide attention for adults with autistic-like traits / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

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