Data-driven dissection of the fever effect in autism spectrum disorder / Efrat Muller in Autism Research, 16-6 (June 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-6 (June 2023) . - p.1225-1235 Titre : Data-driven dissection of the fever effect in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Efrat Muller, Auteur ; Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Eitan Bachmat, Auteur ; Alal ERAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1225-1235 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  fever effect  fever response  machine learning  Simons simplex collection  subtyping Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate marked behavioral improvements during febrile episodes, in what is perhaps the only present-day means of modulating the core ASD phenotype. Understanding the nature of this so-called fever effect is therefore essential for leveraging this natural temporary relief of symptoms to a sustained efficacious intervention. Toward this goal, we used machine learning to analyze the rich clinical data of the Simons Simplex Collection, in which one out of every six children with ASD was reported to improve during febrile episodes, across multiple ASD domains. Reported behavioral improvements during febrile episodes were associated with maternal infection in pregnancy (OR?=?1.7, 95% CI?=?[1.42, 2.03], P?=?4.24???10?4) and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (OR?=?1.46, 95% CI?=?[1.15, 1.81], P?=?1.94???10?3). Family members of children reported to improve when febrile have an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders (OR?=?1.43, 95% CI?=?[1.23, 1.67], P?=?3.0???10?6), language disorders (OR?=?1.63, 95% CI?=?[1.29, 2.04], P?=?2.5???10?5), and neuropsychiatric disorders (OR?=?1.59, 95% CI?=?[1.34, 1.89], P? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Data-driven dissection of the fever effect in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Efrat Muller, Auteur ; Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Eitan Bachmat, Auteur ; Alal ERAN, Auteur . - p.1225-1235. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-6 (June 2023) . - p.1225-1235 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  fever effect  fever response  machine learning  Simons simplex collection  subtyping Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate marked behavioral improvements during febrile episodes, in what is perhaps the only present-day means of modulating the core ASD phenotype. Understanding the nature of this so-called fever effect is therefore essential for leveraging this natural temporary relief of symptoms to a sustained efficacious intervention. Toward this goal, we used machine learning to analyze the rich clinical data of the Simons Simplex Collection, in which one out of every six children with ASD was reported to improve during febrile episodes, across multiple ASD domains. Reported behavioral improvements during febrile episodes were associated with maternal infection in pregnancy (OR?=?1.7, 95% CI?=?[1.42, 2.03], P?=?4.24???10?4) and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (OR?=?1.46, 95% CI?=?[1.15, 1.81], P?=?1.94???10?3). Family members of children reported to improve when febrile have an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders (OR?=?1.43, 95% CI?=?[1.23, 1.67], P?=?3.0???10?6), language disorders (OR?=?1.63, 95% CI?=?[1.29, 2.04], P?=?2.5???10?5), and neuropsychiatric disorders (OR?=?1.59, 95% CI?=?[1.34, 1.89], P? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population / Ido SHALEV in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 59 p. Titre : Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 59 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Broad autism phenotype  Cognitive empathy  Emotional empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Features of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are normally distributed within the population, giving rise to the notion of the autism spectrum. One of the hallmark features of ASC is difficulties in social communication, which relies heavily on our ability to empathize with others. Empathy comprises of both cognitive (CE) and emotional (EE) components that, together, allow us to understand another's emotions and be affected by them appropriately, while maintaining a self-other distinction. Although CE and EE depend on distinct neural and developmental trajectories, it was suggested that the two empathic capacities can influence, balance, and regulate each other. Previous findings regarding the role of emotional and cognitive empathy in ASC have been mixed. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate whether the intra-personal empathy imbalance between the cognitive and emotional components, a measure we termed empathic disequilibrium (ED), can be associated with autism traits at the neurotypical range. METHODS: Participants were 671 young-adults at the neurotypical range who self-reported their empathy, assessed using two highly validated questionnaires-the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Empathy Quotient, autism traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, and the related traits, alexithymia, and systemizing. RESULTS: Controlling for the total empathy score, greater ED was found to be positively correlated with autism traits. Specifically, autism traits were found to be elevated in groups of individuals with relatively higher EE than CE, underscoring their imbalance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a novel perspective on the understanding of the social difficulties associated with autism tendencies in the general population and has potentially important clinical implications for understanding of ASC. We also propose a novel characterization of autism tendencies based on the imbalance between EE and CE, which we term ED, as opposed to examining EE and CE separately. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00362-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur . - 59 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 59 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Broad autism phenotype  Cognitive empathy  Emotional empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Features of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are normally distributed within the population, giving rise to the notion of the autism spectrum. One of the hallmark features of ASC is difficulties in social communication, which relies heavily on our ability to empathize with others. Empathy comprises of both cognitive (CE) and emotional (EE) components that, together, allow us to understand another's emotions and be affected by them appropriately, while maintaining a self-other distinction. Although CE and EE depend on distinct neural and developmental trajectories, it was suggested that the two empathic capacities can influence, balance, and regulate each other. Previous findings regarding the role of emotional and cognitive empathy in ASC have been mixed. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate whether the intra-personal empathy imbalance between the cognitive and emotional components, a measure we termed empathic disequilibrium (ED), can be associated with autism traits at the neurotypical range. METHODS: Participants were 671 young-adults at the neurotypical range who self-reported their empathy, assessed using two highly validated questionnaires-the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Empathy Quotient, autism traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, and the related traits, alexithymia, and systemizing. RESULTS: Controlling for the total empathy score, greater ED was found to be positively correlated with autism traits. Specifically, autism traits were found to be elevated in groups of individuals with relatively higher EE than CE, underscoring their imbalance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a novel perspective on the understanding of the social difficulties associated with autism tendencies in the general population and has potentially important clinical implications for understanding of ASC. We also propose a novel characterization of autism tendencies based on the imbalance between EE and CE, which we term ED, as opposed to examining EE and CE separately. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00362-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits / Ido SHALEV in Autism Research, 15-10 (October 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-10 (October 2022) . - p.1917-1928 Titre : Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; David M. GREENBERG, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Alal ERAN, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1917-1928 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cognitive  emotional empathy  empathy  response surface analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A large body of research showed that autistic people have intact emotional (affective) empathy alongside reduced cognitive empathy. However, there are mixed findings and these call for a more subtle understanding of empathy in autism. Empathic disequilibrium refers to the imbalance between emotional and cognitive empathy and is associated with a higher number of autistic traits in the typical population. Here we examined whether empathic disequilibrium predicts both the number of autistic traits and autism diagnosis. In a large sample of autistic (N = 1905) and typical individuals (N = 3009), we examined empathic disequilibrium and empathy as predictors of autistic traits and autism diagnosis, using a polynomial regression with response surface analysis. Empathy and autistic traits were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Both empathic disequilibrium and empathy predicted linearly and non-linearly autism diagnosis and autistic traits. Specifically, a tendency towards higher emotional than cognitive empathy (empathic disequilibrium towards emotional empathy) predicted both autism diagnosis and the social domain of autistic traits, while higher cognitive than emotional empathy was associated with the non-social domain of autism. Empathic disequilibrium was also more prominent in autistic females. This study provides evidence that beyond empathy as was measured thus far, empathic disequilibrium offers a novel analytical approach for examining the role of empathy. Empathic disequilibrium allows for a more nuanced understanding of the links between empathy and autism. LAY SUMMARY: Many autistic individuals report feelings of excessive empathy, yet their experience is not reflected by most of the current literature, typically suggesting that autism is characterized by intact emotional and reduced cognitive empathy. To fill this gap, we looked at both ends of the imbalance between these components, termed empathic disequilibrium. We show that, like empathy, empathic disequilibrium is related to autism diagnosis and traits, and thus may provide a more nuanced understanding of empathy and its link with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2794 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; David M. GREENBERG, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Alal ERAN, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur . - p.1917-1928. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-10 (October 2022) . - p.1917-1928 Mots-clés : autism  cognitive  emotional empathy  empathy  response surface analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A large body of research showed that autistic people have intact emotional (affective) empathy alongside reduced cognitive empathy. However, there are mixed findings and these call for a more subtle understanding of empathy in autism. Empathic disequilibrium refers to the imbalance between emotional and cognitive empathy and is associated with a higher number of autistic traits in the typical population. Here we examined whether empathic disequilibrium predicts both the number of autistic traits and autism diagnosis. In a large sample of autistic (N = 1905) and typical individuals (N = 3009), we examined empathic disequilibrium and empathy as predictors of autistic traits and autism diagnosis, using a polynomial regression with response surface analysis. Empathy and autistic traits were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Both empathic disequilibrium and empathy predicted linearly and non-linearly autism diagnosis and autistic traits. Specifically, a tendency towards higher emotional than cognitive empathy (empathic disequilibrium towards emotional empathy) predicted both autism diagnosis and the social domain of autistic traits, while higher cognitive than emotional empathy was associated with the non-social domain of autism. Empathic disequilibrium was also more prominent in autistic females. This study provides evidence that beyond empathy as was measured thus far, empathic disequilibrium offers a novel analytical approach for examining the role of empathy. Empathic disequilibrium allows for a more nuanced understanding of the links between empathy and autism. LAY SUMMARY: Many autistic individuals report feelings of excessive empathy, yet their experience is not reflected by most of the current literature, typically suggesting that autism is characterized by intact emotional and reduced cognitive empathy. To fill this gap, we looked at both ends of the imbalance between these components, termed empathic disequilibrium. We show that, like empathy, empathic disequilibrium is related to autism diagnosis and traits, and thus may provide a more nuanced understanding of empathy and its link with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2794 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

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