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Auteur Rachael SMYTH
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Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (4)
Faire une suggestion Affiner la rechercheExploring the persuasive writing skills of students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder / Heather M. BROWN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-11 (November 2014)
Titre : Exploring the persuasive writing skills of students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Heather M. BROWN, Auteur ; Andrew M. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Rachael E. SMYTH, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1482-1499 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Written expression Persuasive writing Oral language Weak central coherence Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies of students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) have shown great variability in their writing abilities. Most previous studies of students with HFASD have combined individuals with linguistic impairments (HF-ALI) and individuals without linguistic impairments (HF-ALN) into a single group. The current study was the first to compare the persuasive writing of students with HF-ALN with controls, without confounding the effects of language ability and autism on writing achievement, and while considering possible cognitive underpinnings of their writing skills. Twenty-five students with HF-ALN and 22 typically developing controls completed measures of oral language, nonverbal IQ, social responsiveness, theory of mind, integrative processing and persuasive writing. The persuasive texts were coded on 19 variables across six categories: productivity, grammatical complexity, lexical diversity, cohesiveness, writing conventions, and overall quality. The texts were reliably different between groups across measures of productivity, syntactic complexity, lexical complexity and persuasive quality. Specifically, the texts of students with HF-ALN scored lower on overall quality (d = −0.6 SD), contained shorter and simpler sentences (d = −1.0), and had less repetition of content words (d = −0.8 SD). For the HF-ALN group, integrative processing, language ability and age predicted 77% of the variance in persuasive quality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.017 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-11 (November 2014) . - p.1482-1499[article] Exploring the persuasive writing skills of students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Heather M. BROWN, Auteur ; Andrew M. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Rachael E. SMYTH, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur . - p.1482-1499.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-11 (November 2014) . - p.1482-1499
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Written expression Persuasive writing Oral language Weak central coherence Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies of students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) have shown great variability in their writing abilities. Most previous studies of students with HFASD have combined individuals with linguistic impairments (HF-ALI) and individuals without linguistic impairments (HF-ALN) into a single group. The current study was the first to compare the persuasive writing of students with HF-ALN with controls, without confounding the effects of language ability and autism on writing achievement, and while considering possible cognitive underpinnings of their writing skills. Twenty-five students with HF-ALN and 22 typically developing controls completed measures of oral language, nonverbal IQ, social responsiveness, theory of mind, integrative processing and persuasive writing. The persuasive texts were coded on 19 variables across six categories: productivity, grammatical complexity, lexical diversity, cohesiveness, writing conventions, and overall quality. The texts were reliably different between groups across measures of productivity, syntactic complexity, lexical complexity and persuasive quality. Specifically, the texts of students with HF-ALN scored lower on overall quality (d = −0.6 SD), contained shorter and simpler sentences (d = −1.0), and had less repetition of content words (d = −0.8 SD). For the HF-ALN group, integrative processing, language ability and age predicted 77% of the variance in persuasive quality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.017 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241
Titre : Looking back and moving forward: A scoping review of research on preschool autism interventions in the field of speech-language pathology Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Amanda V. BINNS, Auteur ; Rachael SMYTH, Auteur ; Allison ANDRES, Auteur ; Joyce LAM, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 23969415211033171 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders intervention/therapy speech and language therapy preschool children health services Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background & AimsSpeech-language pathology services are frequently accessed by families of children who have suspected or diagnosed autism. This is expected given that social communication differences are a core feature of autism. This review looked broadly at the state of research in the field of speech-language pathology and preschool autism interventions in order to identify the types of studies that could be used to inform the practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs), and to identify gaps in the field so they can be addressed in future research. Specifically, we examined the extent of research conducted on interventions delivered (at least in part) by SLPs to preschool children with suspected or diagnosed autism, identified the range of skill development areas targeted within the studies, and explored the characteristics of the interventions (i.e., theoretical models underlying the programs, service delivery models, treatment dosage).MethodsA scoping review of articles published between 1980 and 2019 was conducted using the five phases outlined by the Arksey and O’Malley framework: (a) articulating the research question; (b) identifying relevant studies; (c) selecting studies; (d) charting the data; and (e) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results.Main Contribution/ResultsA total of 114 studies met inclusion criteria with most published since 2010 and conducted within North America. Case study or single-subject study designs were the most frequently used. Interventions delivered solely by SLPs and by multiprofessional teams that included SLPs were relatively equally represented. Across the included studies, nine skill development areas were targeted, but interventions targeting social communication, language, and augmentative communication skills made up the vast majority of studies. There was relatively even distribution of interventions informed by child-centered, clinician-directed, and hybrid models. Explicit information detailing intervention characteristics (e.g., treatment dosage, professional training of clinicians delivering the intervention) was poorly reported in many studies. For those studies providing details, there was a great deal of variability in the nature of interventions (e.g., service delivery models, SLPs’ role, dosage).ConclusionsThis review revealed that research in the area of autism interventions delivered, at least in part, by SLPs has markedly increased over the past 10 years. Still, there remains a need for more research, and greater transparency detailing the nature of the interventions being investigated. The research conducted to date captures the versatility of the SLP's role within preschool autism intervention. Improved reporting and studies with strong methodological rigor focused on capturing the complex and individualized nature of interventions are needed, as are intervention studies aligned with real-world community practice.ImplicationsThis review provides a comprehensive examination of the status of research on preschool interventions delivered to children with suspected or diagnosed autism within the field of speech-language pathology. Several directions for future research are provided, as are suggestions for improving the clinical applicability of results to further the development of effective, evidence-informed policy and practice in speech-language pathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211033171 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459
in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 6 (January-December 2021) . - 23969415211033171[article] Looking back and moving forward: A scoping review of research on preschool autism interventions in the field of speech-language pathology [texte imprimé] / Amanda V. BINNS, Auteur ; Rachael SMYTH, Auteur ; Allison ANDRES, Auteur ; Joyce LAM, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur . - 23969415211033171.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 6 (January-December 2021) . - 23969415211033171
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders intervention/therapy speech and language therapy preschool children health services Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background & AimsSpeech-language pathology services are frequently accessed by families of children who have suspected or diagnosed autism. This is expected given that social communication differences are a core feature of autism. This review looked broadly at the state of research in the field of speech-language pathology and preschool autism interventions in order to identify the types of studies that could be used to inform the practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs), and to identify gaps in the field so they can be addressed in future research. Specifically, we examined the extent of research conducted on interventions delivered (at least in part) by SLPs to preschool children with suspected or diagnosed autism, identified the range of skill development areas targeted within the studies, and explored the characteristics of the interventions (i.e., theoretical models underlying the programs, service delivery models, treatment dosage).MethodsA scoping review of articles published between 1980 and 2019 was conducted using the five phases outlined by the Arksey and O’Malley framework: (a) articulating the research question; (b) identifying relevant studies; (c) selecting studies; (d) charting the data; and (e) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results.Main Contribution/ResultsA total of 114 studies met inclusion criteria with most published since 2010 and conducted within North America. Case study or single-subject study designs were the most frequently used. Interventions delivered solely by SLPs and by multiprofessional teams that included SLPs were relatively equally represented. Across the included studies, nine skill development areas were targeted, but interventions targeting social communication, language, and augmentative communication skills made up the vast majority of studies. There was relatively even distribution of interventions informed by child-centered, clinician-directed, and hybrid models. Explicit information detailing intervention characteristics (e.g., treatment dosage, professional training of clinicians delivering the intervention) was poorly reported in many studies. For those studies providing details, there was a great deal of variability in the nature of interventions (e.g., service delivery models, SLPs’ role, dosage).ConclusionsThis review revealed that research in the area of autism interventions delivered, at least in part, by SLPs has markedly increased over the past 10 years. Still, there remains a need for more research, and greater transparency detailing the nature of the interventions being investigated. The research conducted to date captures the versatility of the SLP's role within preschool autism intervention. Improved reporting and studies with strong methodological rigor focused on capturing the complex and individualized nature of interventions are needed, as are intervention studies aligned with real-world community practice.ImplicationsThis review provides a comprehensive examination of the status of research on preschool interventions delivered to children with suspected or diagnosed autism within the field of speech-language pathology. Several directions for future research are provided, as are suggestions for improving the clinical applicability of results to further the development of effective, evidence-informed policy and practice in speech-language pathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211033171 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459
Titre : Meta-analysis of receptive and expressive language skills in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elaine Y.L. KWOK, Auteur ; Heather M. BROWN, Auteur ; Rachael E. SMYTH, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.202-222 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Language Expressive Receptive Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Clinical anecdotes suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show an atypical language profile in which expressive language exceeds receptive language competency. However, the few studies to directly explore this language profile have yielded inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis examined 74 studies that reported the receptive and expressive language performances of children and youth with ASD. Four potential predictors (age, language domain, source of language data, method of ASD diagnosis) were separately analyzed for their contribution to the relative receptive and expressive language impairment in ASD. Contrary to popular belief, the current meta-analyses found no evidence that an expressive advantage is common in ASD. Overall, children and youth with ASD showed equally impaired receptive and expressive language skills, both falling roughly 1.5 SD below peers with typical development. No discrepancies were found in receptive and expressive language across developmental stages, cognitive abilities, vocabulary, global language skills, caregiver report measures, clinician-administered measures, mixed method measures, or method of ASD diagnosis. Although some individual children with ASD may have an expressive-better-than-receptive language profile, this profile is not common enough to be a useful marker of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.10.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=243
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 9 (January 2015) . - p.202-222[article] Meta-analysis of receptive and expressive language skills in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Elaine Y.L. KWOK, Auteur ; Heather M. BROWN, Auteur ; Rachael E. SMYTH, Auteur ; Janis ORAM CARDY, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.202-222.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 9 (January 2015) . - p.202-222
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Language Expressive Receptive Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Clinical anecdotes suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show an atypical language profile in which expressive language exceeds receptive language competency. However, the few studies to directly explore this language profile have yielded inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis examined 74 studies that reported the receptive and expressive language performances of children and youth with ASD. Four potential predictors (age, language domain, source of language data, method of ASD diagnosis) were separately analyzed for their contribution to the relative receptive and expressive language impairment in ASD. Contrary to popular belief, the current meta-analyses found no evidence that an expressive advantage is common in ASD. Overall, children and youth with ASD showed equally impaired receptive and expressive language skills, both falling roughly 1.5 SD below peers with typical development. No discrepancies were found in receptive and expressive language across developmental stages, cognitive abilities, vocabulary, global language skills, caregiver report measures, clinician-administered measures, mixed method measures, or method of ASD diagnosis. Although some individual children with ASD may have an expressive-better-than-receptive language profile, this profile is not common enough to be a useful marker of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.10.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=243
