Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups / Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM ; Carolien TORENVLIET ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN ; Hilde M. GEURTS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-9 (September 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-9 (September 2024) . - p.3449-3466 Titre : Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3449-3466 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average to high intelligence, to clarify if certain subgroups might need support. We included 14 questionnaire variables related to aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, and lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification in an original sample of 114 autistic adults with an adulthood diagnosis (autism) and 58 non-autistic adults as comparison group (COMP), and a replication sample (NAutism = 261; NCOMP = 287), both aged 30-89 years. Next, we identified subgroups and assessed external validity (for cognitive and psychological difficulties, and quality of life [QoL]) in the autism samples. To test specificity, we repeated the analysis after adding 123 adults with ADHD, aged 30-80 years. As expected, the autism and COMP groups formed distinct subgroups. Among autistic adults, we identified three subgroups of which two were replicated. One of these subgroups seemed most vulnerable on the cluster variables; this subgroup also reported the most cognitive and psychological difficulties, and lowest QoL. Adding the ADHD group did not alter results. Within autistic adults, one subgroup could especially benefit from support and specialized care, although this must be tested in future studies. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06042-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534 [article] Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.3449-3466. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-9 (September 2024) . - p.3449-3466 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average to high intelligence, to clarify if certain subgroups might need support. We included 14 questionnaire variables related to aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, and lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification in an original sample of 114 autistic adults with an adulthood diagnosis (autism) and 58 non-autistic adults as comparison group (COMP), and a replication sample (NAutism = 261; NCOMP = 287), both aged 30-89 years. Next, we identified subgroups and assessed external validity (for cognitive and psychological difficulties, and quality of life [QoL]) in the autism samples. To test specificity, we repeated the analysis after adding 123 adults with ADHD, aged 30-80 years. As expected, the autism and COMP groups formed distinct subgroups. Among autistic adults, we identified three subgroups of which two were replicated. One of these subgroups seemed most vulnerable on the cluster variables; this subgroup also reported the most cognitive and psychological difficulties, and lowest QoL. Adding the ADHD group did not alter results. Within autistic adults, one subgroup could especially benefit from support and specialized care, although this must be tested in future studies. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06042-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534

How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 100 (February 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 100 (February 2023) . - 102072 Titre : How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Audrey J. J. MOL, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102072 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Camouflaging  Autism  Sex differences  Psychometric properties  Discrepancy approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how to measure camouflaging behavior by performing a conceptual replication of the original study of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether the self-reported camouflaging behavior is measuring the same construct as the second most used manner to measure camouflaging behavior, the discrepancy method. Method In total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30 “92 years, filled out the Dutch translation of the CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In 90 autistic adults the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) was administered. We executed preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #37800) to investigate the factor structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity and group differences. Results Our analyses showed that the original three-factor structure had an acceptable fit and internal consistency ranged from sufficient to good. However, there was no measurement invariance between autistic and non-autistic individuals and correlations between CAT-Q-NL-scores and the discrepancy between AQ and ADOS-2 varied between low to mediocre (r = 0.04 to.28). Conclusions The CAT-Q-NL can be used to measure camouflaging between and within autistic adults, but not between autistic and non-autistic adults and its convergent validity is limited. Despite these caveats, the CAT-Q-NL can serve as a useful addition to the clinical assessment toolbox because gaining insight in the level of camouflaging of autistic adults may help provide better mental health care. However, more research is needed into how to optimally measure the camouflaging construct. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Audrey J. J. MOL, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - 102072. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 100 (February 2023) . - 102072 Mots-clés : Camouflaging  Autism  Sex differences  Psychometric properties  Discrepancy approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how to measure camouflaging behavior by performing a conceptual replication of the original study of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether the self-reported camouflaging behavior is measuring the same construct as the second most used manner to measure camouflaging behavior, the discrepancy method. Method In total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30 “92 years, filled out the Dutch translation of the CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In 90 autistic adults the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) was administered. We executed preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #37800) to investigate the factor structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity and group differences. Results Our analyses showed that the original three-factor structure had an acceptable fit and internal consistency ranged from sufficient to good. However, there was no measurement invariance between autistic and non-autistic individuals and correlations between CAT-Q-NL-scores and the discrepancy between AQ and ADOS-2 varied between low to mediocre (r = 0.04 to.28). Conclusions The CAT-Q-NL can be used to measure camouflaging between and within autistic adults, but not between autistic and non-autistic adults and its convergent validity is limited. Despite these caveats, the CAT-Q-NL can serve as a useful addition to the clinical assessment toolbox because gaining insight in the level of camouflaging of autistic adults may help provide better mental health care. However, more research is needed into how to optimally measure the camouflaging construct. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Negatively phrased items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient function differently for groups with and without autism / Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM in Autism, 23-7 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1752-1764 Titre : Negatively phrased items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient function differently for groups with and without autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; A. G. LEVER, Auteur ; H. M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1752-1764 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Quotient  adults  age differences  autism spectrum disorders  differential item functioning  measurement  measurement invariance  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism Spectrum Quotient is a widely used instrument for the detection of autistic traits. However, the validity of comparisons of Autism Spectrum Quotient scores between groups may be threatened by differential item functioning. Differential item functioning entails a bias in items, where participants with equal values of the latent trait give different answers because of their group membership. In this article, items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient were studied for differential item functioning between different groups within a single sample (N = 408). Three analyses were conducted. First, using a Rasch mixture model, two latent groups were detected that show differential item functioning. Second, using a Rasch regression tree model, four groups were found that show differential item functioning: men without autism, women without autism, people 50 years and younger with autism, and people older than 50 years with autism. Third, using traditional methods, differential item functioning was detected between groups with and without autism. Therefore, group comparisons with the Autism Spectrum Quotient are at risk of being affected by bias. Eight items emerged that consistently show differences in response tendencies between groups across analyses, and these items were generally negatively phrased. Two often-used short forms of the Autism Spectrum Quotient, the AQ-28 and AQ-10, may be more suitable for group comparisons. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319828361 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406 [article] Negatively phrased items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient function differently for groups with and without autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; A. G. LEVER, Auteur ; H. M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.1752-1764. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1752-1764 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Quotient  adults  age differences  autism spectrum disorders  differential item functioning  measurement  measurement invariance  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism Spectrum Quotient is a widely used instrument for the detection of autistic traits. However, the validity of comparisons of Autism Spectrum Quotient scores between groups may be threatened by differential item functioning. Differential item functioning entails a bias in items, where participants with equal values of the latent trait give different answers because of their group membership. In this article, items of the Autism Spectrum Quotient were studied for differential item functioning between different groups within a single sample (N = 408). Three analyses were conducted. First, using a Rasch mixture model, two latent groups were detected that show differential item functioning. Second, using a Rasch regression tree model, four groups were found that show differential item functioning: men without autism, women without autism, people 50 years and younger with autism, and people older than 50 years with autism. Third, using traditional methods, differential item functioning was detected between groups with and without autism. Therefore, group comparisons with the Autism Spectrum Quotient are at risk of being affected by bias. Eight items emerged that consistently show differences in response tendencies between groups across analyses, and these items were generally negatively phrased. Two often-used short forms of the Autism Spectrum Quotient, the AQ-28 and AQ-10, may be more suitable for group comparisons. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319828361 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406

One size does not fit all: An individualized approach to understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults / Carolien TORENVLIET in Autism Research, 16-4 (April 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-4 (April 2023) . - p.734-744 Titre : One size does not fit all: An individualized approach to understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.734-744 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Cognitive performances of autistic people vary widely. Therefore, previous group-based comparisons on cognitive aging in autistic adults might have overlooked those autistic adults that are particularly vulnerable for cognitive decline. Multivariate normative comparisons (MNC) statistically assess individual cognitive differences on the entire cognitive profile. Cognitive deviancy as indicated by MNC accurately predicts future cognitive decline, and is therefore sensitive in detecting meaningful cognitive differences. The current study aimed to (1) investigate the applicability of MNC to assess cognitive performance in autism individually, and (2) understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults. As pre-registered, we performed MNC in a sample of 254 non-autistic adults, and two independent samples of respectively 118, and 86 autistic adults (20-85?years, mean: 50?years). Cognitive performance was measured on 11 outcomes in six domains (verbal/visual memory, working memory, verbal fluency, Theory of Mind, and psychomotor speed). Using MNC, about twice as many autistic individuals had a deviant cognitive profile (i.e., deviated statistically from the multivariate normspace) as compared to non-autistic individuals. Importantly, most autistic individuals (>80%) did not have a deviant cognitive profile. Having a deviant profile was significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress in autistic adults specifically, showing the clinical relevance of this method. Therefore, MNC seem a useful tool to individually detect meaningful cognitive differences in autism. These results are consistent with previous cognitive studies suggesting that most autistic adults show fairly similar cognitive profiles to non-autistic adults, yet highlight the necessity for approaches reflecting the heterogeneity observed in autistic people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499 [article] One size does not fit all: An individualized approach to understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.734-744. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-4 (April 2023) . - p.734-744 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Cognitive performances of autistic people vary widely. Therefore, previous group-based comparisons on cognitive aging in autistic adults might have overlooked those autistic adults that are particularly vulnerable for cognitive decline. Multivariate normative comparisons (MNC) statistically assess individual cognitive differences on the entire cognitive profile. Cognitive deviancy as indicated by MNC accurately predicts future cognitive decline, and is therefore sensitive in detecting meaningful cognitive differences. The current study aimed to (1) investigate the applicability of MNC to assess cognitive performance in autism individually, and (2) understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults. As pre-registered, we performed MNC in a sample of 254 non-autistic adults, and two independent samples of respectively 118, and 86 autistic adults (20-85?years, mean: 50?years). Cognitive performance was measured on 11 outcomes in six domains (verbal/visual memory, working memory, verbal fluency, Theory of Mind, and psychomotor speed). Using MNC, about twice as many autistic individuals had a deviant cognitive profile (i.e., deviated statistically from the multivariate normspace) as compared to non-autistic individuals. Importantly, most autistic individuals (>80%) did not have a deviant cognitive profile. Having a deviant profile was significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress in autistic adults specifically, showing the clinical relevance of this method. Therefore, MNC seem a useful tool to individually detect meaningful cognitive differences in autism. These results are consistent with previous cognitive studies suggesting that most autistic adults show fairly similar cognitive profiles to non-autistic adults, yet highlight the necessity for approaches reflecting the heterogeneity observed in autistic people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499

Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study / Carolien TORENVLIET in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.507-518 Titre : Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.507-518 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism in adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ in their methodology, replication studies are needed. In this replication study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults mostly parallel, but also protective age-related cognitive effects can be observed. Participants were 88 autistic adults, and 88 non-autistic matched comparisons (age range: 30?89?years, mean age: 55?years). Cognitive measures were administered on the following six domains: verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, Theory of Mind (ToM), verbal fluency, and processing speed, and self-reported cognitive failures. Non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults on ToM, verbal fluency, and verbal memory, but only the first two were confirmed with Bayesian replication analyses. Also, more cognitive failures were reported by autistic adults. No interactions between group and age were observed, suggesting a parallel age-related effect on all cognitive domains. In sum, previously observed difficulties in ToM and verbal fluency were replicated which seem to persist at older age. Previously reported parallel age-related cognitive patterns were replicated, yet no evidence for protective age-related patterns was found. Lay summary We investigated whether our previous findings on cognitive aging in autism could be confirmed in a new study measuring the cognitive effects of age in autistic and non-autistic adults. As expected, tasks that younger autistic adults had difficulties with (theory of mind, fluency) were also difficult for older autistic adults, and the effect of age itself was similar in autistic and non-autistic adults. Unexpectedly, we observed no protective effects (less cognitive aging) in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.507-518. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.507-518 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism in adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ in their methodology, replication studies are needed. In this replication study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults mostly parallel, but also protective age-related cognitive effects can be observed. Participants were 88 autistic adults, and 88 non-autistic matched comparisons (age range: 30?89?years, mean age: 55?years). Cognitive measures were administered on the following six domains: verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, Theory of Mind (ToM), verbal fluency, and processing speed, and self-reported cognitive failures. Non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults on ToM, verbal fluency, and verbal memory, but only the first two were confirmed with Bayesian replication analyses. Also, more cognitive failures were reported by autistic adults. No interactions between group and age were observed, suggesting a parallel age-related effect on all cognitive domains. In sum, previously observed difficulties in ToM and verbal fluency were replicated which seem to persist at older age. Previously reported parallel age-related cognitive patterns were replicated, yet no evidence for protective age-related patterns was found. Lay summary We investigated whether our previous findings on cognitive aging in autism could be confirmed in a new study measuring the cognitive effects of age in autistic and non-autistic adults. As expected, tasks that younger autistic adults had difficulties with (theory of mind, fluency) were also difficult for older autistic adults, and the effect of age itself was similar in autistic and non-autistic adults. Unexpectedly, we observed no protective effects (less cognitive aging) in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Remembering the future; prospective memory across the autistic adult?s life span / Carolien TORENVLIET ; Tulsi A. RADHOE ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM ; Wikke VAN DER PUTTEN ; Mareike ALTGASSEN ; Hilde M. GEURTS in Autism, 28-9 (September 2024)  

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Sleep determines quality of life in autistic adults: A longitudinal study / Marie K. DESERNO in Autism Research, 12-5 (May 2019)  

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The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value / Tulsi A. RADHOE in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

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The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

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