Individuals with autism show non-adaptive relative weighting of perceptual prior and sensory reliability / Nahal BINUR in Autism, 26-8 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.2052-2065 Titre : Individuals with autism show non-adaptive relative weighting of perceptual prior and sensory reliability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nahal BINUR, Auteur ; Hagit HEL-OR, Auteur ; Bat-Sheva HADAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2052-2065 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Autistic Disorder  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Reproducibility of Results  Bayesian perception  autism spectrum disorder  inferred perception  perceptual illusions  width-height illusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Unique perceptual skills and abnormalities in perception have been extensively demonstrated in those with autism for many perceptual domains, accounting, at least in part, for some of the main symptoms. Several new hypotheses suggest that perceptual representations in autism are unrefined, appear less constrained by exposure and regularities of the environment, and rely more on actual concrete input. Consistent with these emerging views, a bottom-up, data-driven fashion of processing has been suggested to account for the atypical perception in autism. It is yet unclear, however, whether reduced effects of prior knowledge and top-down information, or rather reduced noise in the sensory input, account for the often-reported bottom-up mode of processing in autism. We show that neither is sufficiently supported. Instead, we demonstrate clear differences between autistics and neurotypicals in how incoming input is weighted against prior knowledge and experience in determining the final percept. Importantly, the findings tap central differences in perception between those with and without autism that are consistent across identified sub-clusters within each group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221074416 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Individuals with autism show non-adaptive relative weighting of perceptual prior and sensory reliability [texte imprimé] / Nahal BINUR, Auteur ; Hagit HEL-OR, Auteur ; Bat-Sheva HADAD, Auteur . - p.2052-2065. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-8 (November 2022) . - p.2052-2065 Mots-clés : Humans  Autistic Disorder  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Reproducibility of Results  Bayesian perception  autism spectrum disorder  inferred perception  perceptual illusions  width-height illusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Unique perceptual skills and abnormalities in perception have been extensively demonstrated in those with autism for many perceptual domains, accounting, at least in part, for some of the main symptoms. Several new hypotheses suggest that perceptual representations in autism are unrefined, appear less constrained by exposure and regularities of the environment, and rely more on actual concrete input. Consistent with these emerging views, a bottom-up, data-driven fashion of processing has been suggested to account for the atypical perception in autism. It is yet unclear, however, whether reduced effects of prior knowledge and top-down information, or rather reduced noise in the sensory input, account for the often-reported bottom-up mode of processing in autism. We show that neither is sufficiently supported. Instead, we demonstrate clear differences between autistics and neurotypicals in how incoming input is weighted against prior knowledge and experience in determining the final percept. Importantly, the findings tap central differences in perception between those with and without autism that are consistent across identified sub-clusters within each group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221074416 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

Intact Utilization of Contextual Information in Speech Categorization in Autism / Yafit GABAY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-10 (October 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-10 (October 2024) . - p.3837-3853 Titre : Intact Utilization of Contextual Information in Speech Categorization in Autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yafit GABAY, Auteur ; Eva REINISCH, Auteur ; Dana EVEN, Auteur ; Nahal BINUR, Auteur ; Bat-Sheva HADAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3837-3853 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current theories of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) suggest atypical use of context in ASD, but little is known about how these atypicalities influence speech perception. We examined the influence of contextual information (lexical, spectral, and temporal) on phoneme categorization of people with ASD and in typically developed (TD) people. Across three experiments, we found that people with ASD used all types of contextual information for disambiguating speech sounds to the same extent as TD; yet they exhibited a shallower identification curve when phoneme categorization required temporal processing. Overall, the results suggest that the observed atypicalities in speech perception in ASD, including the reduced sensitivity observed here, cannot be attributed merely to the limited ability to utilize context during speech perception. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06106-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=536 [article] Intact Utilization of Contextual Information in Speech Categorization in Autism [texte imprimé] / Yafit GABAY, Auteur ; Eva REINISCH, Auteur ; Dana EVEN, Auteur ; Nahal BINUR, Auteur ; Bat-Sheva HADAD, Auteur . - p.3837-3853. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-10 (October 2024) . - p.3837-3853 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current theories of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) suggest atypical use of context in ASD, but little is known about how these atypicalities influence speech perception. We examined the influence of contextual information (lexical, spectral, and temporal) on phoneme categorization of people with ASD and in typically developed (TD) people. Across three experiments, we found that people with ASD used all types of contextual information for disambiguating speech sounds to the same extent as TD; yet they exhibited a shallower identification curve when phoneme categorization required temporal processing. Overall, the results suggest that the observed atypicalities in speech perception in ASD, including the reduced sensitivity observed here, cannot be attributed merely to the limited ability to utilize context during speech perception. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06106-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=536

Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion / Ravit AVRAAM in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1623-1635 Titre : Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ravit AVRAAM, Auteur ; Nahal BINUR, Auteur ; Bat-Sheva HADAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1623-1635 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  gestalt principles  grouping  implicit  local global processing  perceptual organization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The extensive literature on global-local processing in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently shifted from arguing for a processing impairment among those with ASD to positing an attenuated preference for global processing. One suggestion is that the fast extraction of the global gist is less efficient in ASD, in contrast to the superior attention-driven processing of local elements. To examine this claim of attenuated global processing, the present study tested how perceptual grouping affected the global organization of visual scenes, specifically testing the claim of less mandatory, more optional global processing in ASD. Participants judged the distance between grouped and ungrouped elements in displays in which illusory distortions were inherent in configurations exemplifying the Gestalt principles of organization. Results from six experiments manipulating different Gestalt cues showed a consistent pattern, indicating that for individuals with ASD, as for typically developed (TD) individuals, grouping processes are organizational in nature, incorporating the grouping of related elements while parsing these from other unrelated elements. This parsing is accompanied by distortions in the spatial relationships perceived in the visual scene. ASD participants exhibited an overall larger tendency to overestimate the distances, but they also demonstrated typical perceptual organization processes that were robust and mandatory and, as in neurotypicals, affected the perception of the whole scene. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is known that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive the world in a different way than their typically developed (TD) peers. While TD individuals exhibit strong bias toward processing the global structure of visual scenes, individuals with ASD exhibit enhanced perception of the local elements. We showed that when the local and global levels are not competing, individuals with autism demonstrate robust global organization that operates even when not directly instructed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2153 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412 [article] Typical perceptual organization in autism: Perceptual grouping and spatial distortion [texte imprimé] / Ravit AVRAAM, Auteur ; Nahal BINUR, Auteur ; Bat-Sheva HADAD, Auteur . - p.1623-1635. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1623-1635 Mots-clés : autism  gestalt principles  grouping  implicit  local global processing  perceptual organization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The extensive literature on global-local processing in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently shifted from arguing for a processing impairment among those with ASD to positing an attenuated preference for global processing. One suggestion is that the fast extraction of the global gist is less efficient in ASD, in contrast to the superior attention-driven processing of local elements. To examine this claim of attenuated global processing, the present study tested how perceptual grouping affected the global organization of visual scenes, specifically testing the claim of less mandatory, more optional global processing in ASD. Participants judged the distance between grouped and ungrouped elements in displays in which illusory distortions were inherent in configurations exemplifying the Gestalt principles of organization. Results from six experiments manipulating different Gestalt cues showed a consistent pattern, indicating that for individuals with ASD, as for typically developed (TD) individuals, grouping processes are organizational in nature, incorporating the grouping of related elements while parsing these from other unrelated elements. This parsing is accompanied by distortions in the spatial relationships perceived in the visual scene. ASD participants exhibited an overall larger tendency to overestimate the distances, but they also demonstrated typical perceptual organization processes that were robust and mandatory and, as in neurotypicals, affected the perception of the whole scene. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is known that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive the world in a different way than their typically developed (TD) peers. While TD individuals exhibit strong bias toward processing the global structure of visual scenes, individuals with ASD exhibit enhanced perception of the local elements. We showed that when the local and global levels are not competing, individuals with autism demonstrate robust global organization that operates even when not directly instructed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2153 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=412

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