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Auteur Thomas G. O'CONNOR |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (34)
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The effects of pre- and postnatal depression in fathers: a natural experiment comparing the effects of exposure to depression on offspring / Paul G. RAMCHANDANI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49-10 (October 2008)
[article]
Titre : The effects of pre- and postnatal depression in fathers: a natural experiment comparing the effects of exposure to depression on offspring Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul G. RAMCHANDANI, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Jon HERON, Auteur ; Alan STEIN, Auteur ; Jonathan P. EVANS, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1069-1078 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Depression child-behavioural-problems perinatal fathers ALSPAC Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Depression in fathers in the postnatal period is associated with an increased risk of behavioural problems in their offspring, particularly for boys. The aim of this study was to examine for differential effects of depression in fathers on children's subsequent psychological functioning via a natural experiment comparing prenatal and postnatal exposure.
Methods: In a longitudinal population cohort study (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)) we examined the associations between depression in fathers measured in the prenatal and postnatal period (measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and later behavioural/emotional and psychiatric problems in their children, assessed at ages 3½ and 7 years.
Results: Children whose fathers were depressed in both the prenatal and postnatal periods had the highest risks of subsequent psychopathology, measured by total problems at age 3½ years (Odds Ratio 3.55; 95% confidence interval 2.07, 6.08) and psychiatric diagnosis at age 7 years (OR 2.54; 1.19, 5.41). Few differences emerged when prenatal and postnatal depression exposure were directly compared, but when compared to fathers who were not depressed, boys whose fathers had postnatal depression only had higher rates of conduct problems aged 3½ years (OR 2.14; 1.22, 3.72) whereas sons of the prenatal group did not (OR 1.41; .75, 2.65). These associations changed little when controlling for maternal depression and other potential confounding factors.
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the increased risk of later conduct problems, seen particularly in the sons of depressed fathers, maybe partly mediated through environmental means. In addition, children whose fathers are more chronically depressed appear to be at a higher risk of emotional and behavioural problems. Efforts to identify the precise mechanisms by which transmission of risk may occur should be encouraged to enable the development of focused interventions to mitigate risks for young children.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02000.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=607
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-10 (October 2008) . - p.1069-1078[article] The effects of pre- and postnatal depression in fathers: a natural experiment comparing the effects of exposure to depression on offspring [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul G. RAMCHANDANI, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Jon HERON, Auteur ; Alan STEIN, Auteur ; Jonathan P. EVANS, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1069-1078.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-10 (October 2008) . - p.1069-1078
Mots-clés : Depression child-behavioural-problems perinatal fathers ALSPAC Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Depression in fathers in the postnatal period is associated with an increased risk of behavioural problems in their offspring, particularly for boys. The aim of this study was to examine for differential effects of depression in fathers on children's subsequent psychological functioning via a natural experiment comparing prenatal and postnatal exposure.
Methods: In a longitudinal population cohort study (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)) we examined the associations between depression in fathers measured in the prenatal and postnatal period (measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and later behavioural/emotional and psychiatric problems in their children, assessed at ages 3½ and 7 years.
Results: Children whose fathers were depressed in both the prenatal and postnatal periods had the highest risks of subsequent psychopathology, measured by total problems at age 3½ years (Odds Ratio 3.55; 95% confidence interval 2.07, 6.08) and psychiatric diagnosis at age 7 years (OR 2.54; 1.19, 5.41). Few differences emerged when prenatal and postnatal depression exposure were directly compared, but when compared to fathers who were not depressed, boys whose fathers had postnatal depression only had higher rates of conduct problems aged 3½ years (OR 2.14; 1.22, 3.72) whereas sons of the prenatal group did not (OR 1.41; .75, 2.65). These associations changed little when controlling for maternal depression and other potential confounding factors.
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the increased risk of later conduct problems, seen particularly in the sons of depressed fathers, maybe partly mediated through environmental means. In addition, children whose fathers are more chronically depressed appear to be at a higher risk of emotional and behavioural problems. Efforts to identify the precise mechanisms by which transmission of risk may occur should be encouraged to enable the development of focused interventions to mitigate risks for young children.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02000.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=607 The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: An observational study of adolescents in foster care / Michelle A. JOSEPH in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)
[article]
Titre : The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: An observational study of adolescents in foster care Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle A. JOSEPH, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. BRISKMAN, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.67-80 Langues : Français (fre) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children who were maltreated and enter foster care are at risk for maladjustment and relationship disturbances with foster carers. A popular hypothesis is that prior attachment relationships with abusive birth parents are internalized and carried forward to impair the child's subsequent attachment relationships. However, the empirical base for this model is limited, especially in adolescence. We examined the attachment patterns of 62 adolescents with their birth parents and their foster parents; we compared them to a comparison sample of 50 adolescents in normal-risk families. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview; adolescent–parent interaction quality was assessed from direct observation; disruptive behavior symptoms were assessed from multiple informants. Whereas nearly all of the adolescents in foster families exhibited insecure attachments to their birth mothers (90%) and birth fathers (100%), nearly one-half were classified as having a secure attachment with their foster mother (46%) and father (49%); rates of secure attachment toward foster parents did not differ significantly from the rate in comparison families. Within the foster care sample, attachment security to the foster mother was predicted from current observed relationship quality and the duration of current placement. In addition, attachment quality in foster adolescents was associated with fewer disruptive behavior symptoms, and this association was equally strong in foster and comparison families. Our findings demonstrate that there is substantial potential for maltreated children to change and develop subsequent secure attachments in adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-1 (February 2014) . - p.67-80[article] The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: An observational study of adolescents in foster care [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle A. JOSEPH, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. BRISKMAN, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur . - p.67-80.
Langues : Français (fre)
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-1 (February 2014) . - p.67-80
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children who were maltreated and enter foster care are at risk for maladjustment and relationship disturbances with foster carers. A popular hypothesis is that prior attachment relationships with abusive birth parents are internalized and carried forward to impair the child's subsequent attachment relationships. However, the empirical base for this model is limited, especially in adolescence. We examined the attachment patterns of 62 adolescents with their birth parents and their foster parents; we compared them to a comparison sample of 50 adolescents in normal-risk families. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview; adolescent–parent interaction quality was assessed from direct observation; disruptive behavior symptoms were assessed from multiple informants. Whereas nearly all of the adolescents in foster families exhibited insecure attachments to their birth mothers (90%) and birth fathers (100%), nearly one-half were classified as having a secure attachment with their foster mother (46%) and father (49%); rates of secure attachment toward foster parents did not differ significantly from the rate in comparison families. Within the foster care sample, attachment security to the foster mother was predicted from current observed relationship quality and the duration of current placement. In addition, attachment quality in foster adolescents was associated with fewer disruptive behavior symptoms, and this association was equally strong in foster and comparison families. Our findings demonstrate that there is substantial potential for maltreated children to change and develop subsequent secure attachments in adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224 The persisting effect of maternal mood in pregnancy on childhood psychopathology / Kieran J. O'DONNELL in Development and Psychopathology, 26-2 (May 2014)
[article]
Titre : The persisting effect of maternal mood in pregnancy on childhood psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kieran J. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; Vivette GLOVER, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.393-403 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Developmental or fetal programming has emerged as a major model for understanding the early and persisting effects of prenatal exposures on the health and development of the child and adult. We leverage the power of a 14-year prospective study to examine the persisting effects of prenatal anxiety, a key candidate in the developmental programming model, on symptoms of behavioral and emotional problems across five occasions of measurement from age 4 to 13 years. The study is based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort, a prospective, longitudinal study of a large community sample in the west of England (n = 7,944). Potential confounders included psychosocial and obstetric risk, postnatal maternal mood, paternal pre- and postnatal mood, and parenting. Results indicated that maternal prenatal anxiety predicted persistently higher behavioral and emotional symptoms across childhood with no diminishment of effect into adolescence. Elevated prenatal anxiety (top 15%) was associated with a twofold increase in risk of a probable child mental disorder, 12.31% compared with 6.83%, after allowing for confounders. Results were similar with prenatal depression. These analyses provide some of the strongest evidence to date that prenatal maternal mood has a direct and persisting effect on her child's psychiatric symptoms and support an in utero programming hypothesis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000029 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-2 (May 2014) . - p.393-403[article] The persisting effect of maternal mood in pregnancy on childhood psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kieran J. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; Vivette GLOVER, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur . - p.393-403.
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-2 (May 2014) . - p.393-403
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Developmental or fetal programming has emerged as a major model for understanding the early and persisting effects of prenatal exposures on the health and development of the child and adult. We leverage the power of a 14-year prospective study to examine the persisting effects of prenatal anxiety, a key candidate in the developmental programming model, on symptoms of behavioral and emotional problems across five occasions of measurement from age 4 to 13 years. The study is based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort, a prospective, longitudinal study of a large community sample in the west of England (n = 7,944). Potential confounders included psychosocial and obstetric risk, postnatal maternal mood, paternal pre- and postnatal mood, and parenting. Results indicated that maternal prenatal anxiety predicted persistently higher behavioral and emotional symptoms across childhood with no diminishment of effect into adolescence. Elevated prenatal anxiety (top 15%) was associated with a twofold increase in risk of a probable child mental disorder, 12.31% compared with 6.83%, after allowing for confounders. Results were similar with prenatal depression. These analyses provide some of the strongest evidence to date that prenatal maternal mood has a direct and persisting effect on her child's psychiatric symptoms and support an in utero programming hypothesis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000029 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230 Updating biological bases of social behavior / Thomas G. O'CONNOR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-9 (September 2014)
[article]
Titre : Updating biological bases of social behavior Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.957-958 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social behaviours cognitive development mental phenomena biological mechanisms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This month's collation of papers deals with social behaviors that operationalize key constructs in fields covered by the journal, including attachment theory and parenting; emotional regulation; psychopathology of several forms; general and specific cognitive abilities. Notably, many examples are offered of how these social behaviors link with biology. That is an obvious and important direction for clinical research insofar as it helps to erase a perceptual chasm and artificial duality between ‘behavior’ and ‘biology’. But, although it must be the case that social behavior has biological connections of one sort or other, identifying reliable connections with practical application has proved to be a non-trivial challenge. In particular, the challenge seems to be in measuring social behavior meaningfully enough that it could be expected to have a biological pulse, and in measuring biological markers systematically enough that emergent-downstream effects would surface. Associations are not especially uncommon, but it has been a frustrating task in constructing a practically broad model from a bricolage of scattered and disconnected parts and findings in the literature. Several reports in this issue offer contrasts that may help move along this line of study. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-9 (September 2014) . - p.957-958[article] Updating biological bases of social behavior [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur . - p.957-958.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-9 (September 2014) . - p.957-958
Mots-clés : Social behaviours cognitive development mental phenomena biological mechanisms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This month's collation of papers deals with social behaviors that operationalize key constructs in fields covered by the journal, including attachment theory and parenting; emotional regulation; psychopathology of several forms; general and specific cognitive abilities. Notably, many examples are offered of how these social behaviors link with biology. That is an obvious and important direction for clinical research insofar as it helps to erase a perceptual chasm and artificial duality between ‘behavior’ and ‘biology’. But, although it must be the case that social behavior has biological connections of one sort or other, identifying reliable connections with practical application has proved to be a non-trivial challenge. In particular, the challenge seems to be in measuring social behavior meaningfully enough that it could be expected to have a biological pulse, and in measuring biological markers systematically enough that emergent-downstream effects would surface. Associations are not especially uncommon, but it has been a frustrating task in constructing a practically broad model from a bricolage of scattered and disconnected parts and findings in the literature. Several reports in this issue offer contrasts that may help move along this line of study. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238