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Auteur S. JOHNSON |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (2)
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Extremely preterm birth and autistic traits in young adulthood: the EPICure study / H. O'REILLY in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)
[article]
Titre : Extremely preterm birth and autistic traits in young adulthood: the EPICure study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. O'REILLY, Auteur ; Y. NI, Auteur ; S. JOHNSON, Auteur ; D. WOLKE, Auteur ; N. MARLOW, Auteur Article en page(s) : 30 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Autistic traits Broader autism phenotype Preterm birth The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is reported in children born extremely preterm (EP), but an even larger proportion of survivors are affected by subclinical difficulties than meet diagnostic criteria. The aims of this study were to investigate autistic traits associated with the broader autism phenotype in a cohort of young adults born EP, and explore how these traits relate to emotion recognition, empathy and autism symptom presentation in childhood. The prevalence of autism diagnoses was also investigated. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-nine young adults born before 26 weeks of gestation and 65 term-born controls participated in the 19-year follow-up phase of the EPICure studies. In addition to a clinical interview, participants completed the Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), the Empathy Quotient questionnaire, and the Frankfurt Test and Training of Facial Affect Recognition. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was completed by the participants' parents at age 11 years. RESULTS: EP born young adults scored significantly higher on the BAPQ in comparison with their term-born peers, indicating greater autistic traits. Among EP participants, BAPQ scores were correlated with SCQ scores in childhood (r?=?0.484, p?0.001). EP young adults had significantly lower scores in emotion recognition and empathy in comparison with controls; however, this effect was mediated by IQ. At 19 years, a diagnosis of autism was reported by 10% of EP participants versus 1.6% of controls, whereas 31% of EP participants scored above the cut-off for the broader autism phenotype in comparison with 8.5% of term-born controls. LIMITATIONS: The high attrition of EP participants from lower socio-economic backgrounds and with lower cognitive functioning may have led to an underrepresentation of those presenting with difficulties associated with autism. CONCLUSIONS: A larger proportion of EP survivors are affected by difficulties associated with autism than have confirmed diagnoses, with a moderate correlation between autism symptom scores in childhood and autistic traits in young adulthood. EP young adults had significantly higher autism symptom scores and a larger proportion had a diagnosis of autism than controls. Screening for autistic traits at set points throughout childhood will help identify those EP individuals at risk of social difficulties who may benefit from intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00414-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459
in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 30 p.[article] Extremely preterm birth and autistic traits in young adulthood: the EPICure study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. O'REILLY, Auteur ; Y. NI, Auteur ; S. JOHNSON, Auteur ; D. WOLKE, Auteur ; N. MARLOW, Auteur . - 30 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 30 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Autistic traits Broader autism phenotype Preterm birth The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is reported in children born extremely preterm (EP), but an even larger proportion of survivors are affected by subclinical difficulties than meet diagnostic criteria. The aims of this study were to investigate autistic traits associated with the broader autism phenotype in a cohort of young adults born EP, and explore how these traits relate to emotion recognition, empathy and autism symptom presentation in childhood. The prevalence of autism diagnoses was also investigated. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-nine young adults born before 26 weeks of gestation and 65 term-born controls participated in the 19-year follow-up phase of the EPICure studies. In addition to a clinical interview, participants completed the Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), the Empathy Quotient questionnaire, and the Frankfurt Test and Training of Facial Affect Recognition. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was completed by the participants' parents at age 11 years. RESULTS: EP born young adults scored significantly higher on the BAPQ in comparison with their term-born peers, indicating greater autistic traits. Among EP participants, BAPQ scores were correlated with SCQ scores in childhood (r?=?0.484, p?0.001). EP young adults had significantly lower scores in emotion recognition and empathy in comparison with controls; however, this effect was mediated by IQ. At 19 years, a diagnosis of autism was reported by 10% of EP participants versus 1.6% of controls, whereas 31% of EP participants scored above the cut-off for the broader autism phenotype in comparison with 8.5% of term-born controls. LIMITATIONS: The high attrition of EP participants from lower socio-economic backgrounds and with lower cognitive functioning may have led to an underrepresentation of those presenting with difficulties associated with autism. CONCLUSIONS: A larger proportion of EP survivors are affected by difficulties associated with autism than have confirmed diagnoses, with a moderate correlation between autism symptom scores in childhood and autistic traits in young adulthood. EP young adults had significantly higher autism symptom scores and a larger proportion had a diagnosis of autism than controls. Screening for autistic traits at set points throughout childhood will help identify those EP individuals at risk of social difficulties who may benefit from intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00414-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 Social complexity and the early social environment affect visual social attention to faces / T. TSANG in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)
[article]
Titre : Social complexity and the early social environment affect visual social attention to faces Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. TSANG, Auteur ; S. JOHNSON, Auteur ; S. JESTE, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.445-457 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism risk broad autism phenotype infancy social development visual social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diminished attention to socially relevant information appears to be an early emerging risk factor associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, inconsistencies across studies suggest that atypicalities in visual social attention in infants at high-risk for ASD during the first postnatal year may be subtle and more apparent under certain contexts. Here we explore factors that may moderate developmental trajectories in attention to faces, including the social complexity of the dynamic visual stimuli used to measure visual social attention and the early social environment of the infant as indexed by parental affectedness of ASD-related traits. Across infants at both high (HR) and low risk for ASD, attention to faces increased during the first postnatal year, with overall greater attention being allocated to schematic faces in the simpler video stimulus. Moreover, greater parental affectedness of ASD-related traits was associated with reduced developmental gains in attention to faces. For HR infants, greater attention to faces was positively associated with social communicative competence, including better joint attention skills and lower social impairments. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of considering developmental level when selecting stimuli to longitudinally examine visual social attention, and the clinical relevance of including measures of infant's social environment in understanding early markers of ASD risk. Autism Res 2019, 12: 445-457 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Attention to faces is an important means for infants to learn about the social world. The complexity of the social scene and an infant's early social environment both affect the amount of time infants at high- and low-risk for ASD look at faces during the first postnatal year. For infants at high-risk for ASD, greater attention to faces was associated with better social skills. Understanding an infant's social environment may have a positive impact on social communicative development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387
in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.445-457[article] Social complexity and the early social environment affect visual social attention to faces [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. TSANG, Auteur ; S. JOHNSON, Auteur ; S. JESTE, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur . - p.445-457.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.445-457
Mots-clés : autism risk broad autism phenotype infancy social development visual social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diminished attention to socially relevant information appears to be an early emerging risk factor associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, inconsistencies across studies suggest that atypicalities in visual social attention in infants at high-risk for ASD during the first postnatal year may be subtle and more apparent under certain contexts. Here we explore factors that may moderate developmental trajectories in attention to faces, including the social complexity of the dynamic visual stimuli used to measure visual social attention and the early social environment of the infant as indexed by parental affectedness of ASD-related traits. Across infants at both high (HR) and low risk for ASD, attention to faces increased during the first postnatal year, with overall greater attention being allocated to schematic faces in the simpler video stimulus. Moreover, greater parental affectedness of ASD-related traits was associated with reduced developmental gains in attention to faces. For HR infants, greater attention to faces was positively associated with social communicative competence, including better joint attention skills and lower social impairments. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of considering developmental level when selecting stimuli to longitudinally examine visual social attention, and the clinical relevance of including measures of infant's social environment in understanding early markers of ASD risk. Autism Res 2019, 12: 445-457 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Attention to faces is an important means for infants to learn about the social world. The complexity of the social scene and an infant's early social environment both affect the amount of time infants at high- and low-risk for ASD look at faces during the first postnatal year. For infants at high-risk for ASD, greater attention to faces was associated with better social skills. Understanding an infant's social environment may have a positive impact on social communicative development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387