4 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Brain/pathology'

Altered subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX: a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study / Chaira SERRARENS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 14 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 14 (2022) Titre : Altered subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX: a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chaira SERRARENS, Auteur ; Maarten OTTER, Auteur ; Bea C.M. CAMPFORTS, Auteur ; Constance T.R.M. STUMPEL, Auteur ; Henk JANSMA, Auteur ; Therese A.M.J. VAN AMELSVOORT, Auteur ; Claudia VINGERHOETS, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Brain/pathology  Chromosomes, Human, X  Female  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods  Sex Chromosome Aberrations  Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development/pathology  Trisomy  47,xxx  7t  Adults  Cortical folding  Cortical surface area  Cortical thickness  Social cognition  Social functioning  Subcortical volume Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Triple X syndrome (47,XXX) is a relatively common sex chromosomal aneuploidy characterized by the presence of a supernumerary X chromosome in females and has been associated with a variable cognitive, behavioural and psychiatric phenotype. 47,XXX may serve as a suitable model for studying the effect of genetic architecture on brain morphology. Previous studies have shown alterations in brain structure in 47,XXX particularly in childhood and adolescence. In this study, we examined subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX using ultra-high field 7T MRI. Given previous evidence of impaired social functioning and emotion recognition in adults with 47,XXX, we also investigated the relationship of these functions with brain morphology. METHODS: Twenty-one adult women with 47,XXX and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Structural T1-weighted images were acquired using a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance scanner. Measures of subcortical brain volumes, cortical surface area and thickness, and cortical folding were obtained and compared between the groups using general linear models. Additionally, we examined potential relationships between brain outcome measures and social functioning and social cognition in 47,XXX using correlation analyses. RESULTS: Adults with 47,XXX showed lower volumes of the thalamus, caudate, putamen, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and pallidum, and larger lateral ventricle volumes. Lower surface area was found in the superior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in 47,XXX participants compared to healthy controls. Altered cortical thickness and cortical folding were not present in 47,XXX. Cortical thickness was associated with social cognition in 47,XXX. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that a supernumerary X chromosome in females affects subcortical and lateral ventricle volumes, and cortical surface area in adulthood. 47,XXX may serve as a suitable model for studying genetic influences on structural brain morphology across developmental stages in order to understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive and behavioural impairments. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-022-09425-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574 [article] Altered subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX: a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study [texte imprimé] / Chaira SERRARENS, Auteur ; Maarten OTTER, Auteur ; Bea C.M. CAMPFORTS, Auteur ; Constance T.R.M. STUMPEL, Auteur ; Henk JANSMA, Auteur ; Therese A.M.J. VAN AMELSVOORT, Auteur ; Claudia VINGERHOETS, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 14 (2022) Mots-clés : Adult  Brain/pathology  Chromosomes, Human, X  Female  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods  Sex Chromosome Aberrations  Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development/pathology  Trisomy  47,xxx  7t  Adults  Cortical folding  Cortical surface area  Cortical thickness  Social cognition  Social functioning  Subcortical volume Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Triple X syndrome (47,XXX) is a relatively common sex chromosomal aneuploidy characterized by the presence of a supernumerary X chromosome in females and has been associated with a variable cognitive, behavioural and psychiatric phenotype. 47,XXX may serve as a suitable model for studying the effect of genetic architecture on brain morphology. Previous studies have shown alterations in brain structure in 47,XXX particularly in childhood and adolescence. In this study, we examined subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX using ultra-high field 7T MRI. Given previous evidence of impaired social functioning and emotion recognition in adults with 47,XXX, we also investigated the relationship of these functions with brain morphology. METHODS: Twenty-one adult women with 47,XXX and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Structural T1-weighted images were acquired using a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance scanner. Measures of subcortical brain volumes, cortical surface area and thickness, and cortical folding were obtained and compared between the groups using general linear models. Additionally, we examined potential relationships between brain outcome measures and social functioning and social cognition in 47,XXX using correlation analyses. RESULTS: Adults with 47,XXX showed lower volumes of the thalamus, caudate, putamen, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and pallidum, and larger lateral ventricle volumes. Lower surface area was found in the superior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in 47,XXX participants compared to healthy controls. Altered cortical thickness and cortical folding were not present in 47,XXX. Cortical thickness was associated with social cognition in 47,XXX. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that a supernumerary X chromosome in females affects subcortical and lateral ventricle volumes, and cortical surface area in adulthood. 47,XXX may serve as a suitable model for studying genetic influences on structural brain morphology across developmental stages in order to understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive and behavioural impairments. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-022-09425-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574

Embryonic origin of two ASD subtypes of social symptom severity: the larger the brain cortical organoid size, the more severe the social symptoms / Eric COURCHESNE in Molecular Autism, 15 (2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 22p. Titre : Embryonic origin of two ASD subtypes of social symptom severity: the larger the brain cortical organoid size, the more severe the social symptoms Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eric COURCHESNE, Auteur ; Vani TALUJA, Auteur ; Sanaz NAZARI, Auteur ; Caitlin M. AAMODT, Auteur ; Karen PIERCE, Auteur ; Kuaikuai DUAN, Auteur ; Sunny STOPHAEROS, Auteur ; Linda LOPEZ, Auteur ; Cynthia CARTER BARNES, Auteur ; Jaden TROXEL, Auteur ; Kathleen CAMPBELL, Auteur ; Tianyun WANG, Auteur ; Kendra HOEKZEMA, Auteur ; Evan E. EICHLER, Auteur ; Joao V. NANI, Auteur ; Wirla PONTES, Auteur ; Sandra S. SANCHEZ, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Janaina S. DE SOUZA, Auteur ; Mirian A.F. HAYASHI, Auteur ; Alysson R. MUOTRI, Auteur Article en page(s) : 22p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Autism Spectrum Disorder/pathology/physiopathology  Organoids/pathology  Male  Female  Child, Preschool  Cerebral Cortex/pathology  Social Behavior  Organ Size  Infant  Severity of Illness Index  Brain/pathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Social affective and communication symptoms are central to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their severity differs across toddlers: Some toddlers with ASD display improving abilities across early ages and develop good social and language skills, while others with "profound" autism have persistently low social, language and cognitive skills and require lifelong care. The biological origins of these opposite ASD social severity subtypes and developmental trajectories are not known. METHODS: Because ASD involves early brain overgrowth and excess neurons, we measured size and growth in 4910 embryonic-stage brain cortical organoids (BCOs) from a total of 10 toddlers with ASD and 6 controls (averaging 196 individual BCOs measured/subject). In a 2021 batch, we measured BCOs from 10 ASD and 5 controls. In a 2022 batch, we  tested replicability of BCO size and growth effects by generating and measuring an independent batch of BCOs from 6 ASD and 4 control subjects. BCO size was analyzed within the context of our large, one-of-a-kind social symptom, social attention, social brain and social and language psychometric normative datasets ranging from N = 266 to N = 1902 toddlers. BCO growth rates were examined by measuring size changes between 1- and 2-months of organoid development. Neurogenesis markers at 2-months were examined at the cellular level. At the molecular level, we measured activity and expression of Ndel1; Ndel1 is a prime target for cell cycle-activated kinases; known to regulate cell cycle, proliferation, neurogenesis, and growth; and known to be involved in neuropsychiatric conditions. RESULTS: At the BCO level, analyses showed BCO size was significantly enlarged by 39% and 41% in ASD in the 2021 and 2022 batches. The larger the embryonic BCO size, the more severe the ASD social symptoms. Correlations between BCO size and social symptoms were r = 0.719 in the 2021 batch and r = 0. 873 in the replication 2022 batch. ASD BCOs grew at an accelerated rate nearly 3 times faster than controls. At the cell level, the two largest ASD BCOs had accelerated neurogenesis. At the molecular level, Ndel1 activity was highly correlated with the growth rate and size of BCOs. Two BCO subtypes were found in ASD toddlers: Those in one subtype had very enlarged BCO size with accelerated rate of growth and neurogenesis; a profound autism clinical phenotype displaying severe social symptoms, reduced social attention, reduced cognitive, very low language and social IQ; and substantially altered growth in specific cortical social, language and sensory regions. Those in a second subtype had milder BCO enlargement and milder social, attention, cognitive, language and cortical differences. LIMITATIONS: Larger samples of ASD toddler-derived BCO and clinical phenotypes may reveal additional ASD embryonic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: By embryogenesis, the biological bases of two subtypes of ASD social and brain development-profound autism and mild autism-are already present and measurable and involve dysregulated cell proliferation and accelerated neurogenesis and growth. The larger the embryonic BCO size in ASD, the more severe the toddler's social symptoms and the more reduced the social attention, language ability, and IQ, and the more atypical the growth of social and language brain regions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00602-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538 [article] Embryonic origin of two ASD subtypes of social symptom severity: the larger the brain cortical organoid size, the more severe the social symptoms [texte imprimé] / Eric COURCHESNE, Auteur ; Vani TALUJA, Auteur ; Sanaz NAZARI, Auteur ; Caitlin M. AAMODT, Auteur ; Karen PIERCE, Auteur ; Kuaikuai DUAN, Auteur ; Sunny STOPHAEROS, Auteur ; Linda LOPEZ, Auteur ; Cynthia CARTER BARNES, Auteur ; Jaden TROXEL, Auteur ; Kathleen CAMPBELL, Auteur ; Tianyun WANG, Auteur ; Kendra HOEKZEMA, Auteur ; Evan E. EICHLER, Auteur ; Joao V. NANI, Auteur ; Wirla PONTES, Auteur ; Sandra S. SANCHEZ, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Janaina S. DE SOUZA, Auteur ; Mirian A.F. HAYASHI, Auteur ; Alysson R. MUOTRI, Auteur . - 22p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 22p. Mots-clés : Humans  Autism Spectrum Disorder/pathology/physiopathology  Organoids/pathology  Male  Female  Child, Preschool  Cerebral Cortex/pathology  Social Behavior  Organ Size  Infant  Severity of Illness Index  Brain/pathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Social affective and communication symptoms are central to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their severity differs across toddlers: Some toddlers with ASD display improving abilities across early ages and develop good social and language skills, while others with "profound" autism have persistently low social, language and cognitive skills and require lifelong care. The biological origins of these opposite ASD social severity subtypes and developmental trajectories are not known. METHODS: Because ASD involves early brain overgrowth and excess neurons, we measured size and growth in 4910 embryonic-stage brain cortical organoids (BCOs) from a total of 10 toddlers with ASD and 6 controls (averaging 196 individual BCOs measured/subject). In a 2021 batch, we measured BCOs from 10 ASD and 5 controls. In a 2022 batch, we  tested replicability of BCO size and growth effects by generating and measuring an independent batch of BCOs from 6 ASD and 4 control subjects. BCO size was analyzed within the context of our large, one-of-a-kind social symptom, social attention, social brain and social and language psychometric normative datasets ranging from N = 266 to N = 1902 toddlers. BCO growth rates were examined by measuring size changes between 1- and 2-months of organoid development. Neurogenesis markers at 2-months were examined at the cellular level. At the molecular level, we measured activity and expression of Ndel1; Ndel1 is a prime target for cell cycle-activated kinases; known to regulate cell cycle, proliferation, neurogenesis, and growth; and known to be involved in neuropsychiatric conditions. RESULTS: At the BCO level, analyses showed BCO size was significantly enlarged by 39% and 41% in ASD in the 2021 and 2022 batches. The larger the embryonic BCO size, the more severe the ASD social symptoms. Correlations between BCO size and social symptoms were r = 0.719 in the 2021 batch and r = 0. 873 in the replication 2022 batch. ASD BCOs grew at an accelerated rate nearly 3 times faster than controls. At the cell level, the two largest ASD BCOs had accelerated neurogenesis. At the molecular level, Ndel1 activity was highly correlated with the growth rate and size of BCOs. Two BCO subtypes were found in ASD toddlers: Those in one subtype had very enlarged BCO size with accelerated rate of growth and neurogenesis; a profound autism clinical phenotype displaying severe social symptoms, reduced social attention, reduced cognitive, very low language and social IQ; and substantially altered growth in specific cortical social, language and sensory regions. Those in a second subtype had milder BCO enlargement and milder social, attention, cognitive, language and cortical differences. LIMITATIONS: Larger samples of ASD toddler-derived BCO and clinical phenotypes may reveal additional ASD embryonic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: By embryogenesis, the biological bases of two subtypes of ASD social and brain development-profound autism and mild autism-are already present and measurable and involve dysregulated cell proliferation and accelerated neurogenesis and growth. The larger the embryonic BCO size in ASD, the more severe the toddler's social symptoms and the more reduced the social attention, language ability, and IQ, and the more atypical the growth of social and language brain regions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00602-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538

Characterization of cell-cell communication in autistic brains with single-cell transcriptomes / Maider ASTORKIA in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 14 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 14 (2022) Titre : Characterization of cell-cell communication in autistic brains with single-cell transcriptomes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Maider ASTORKIA, Auteur ; Herbert M. LACHMAN, Auteur ; Deyou ZHENG, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/pathology  Autistic Disorder/genetics  Brain/pathology  Cell Communication  Child  Humans  Transcriptome  Autism  Brain  Cell-cell communication  Ligand-receptor  Network  Single-cell RNA-seq Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting 1-2% of children. Studies have revealed genetic and cellular abnormalities in the brains of affected individuals, leading to both regional and distal cell communication deficits. METHODS: Recent application of single-cell technologies, especially single-cell transcriptomics, has significantly expanded our understanding of brain cell heterogeneity and further demonstrated that multiple cell types and brain layers or regions are perturbed in autism. The underlying high-dimensional single-cell data provides opportunities for multilevel computational analysis that collectively can better deconvolute the molecular and cellular events altered in autism. Here, we apply advanced computation and pattern recognition approaches on single-cell RNA-seq data to infer and compare inter-cell-type signaling communications in autism brains and controls. RESULTS: Our results indicate that at a global level, there are cell-cell communication differences in autism in comparison with controls, largely involving neurons as both signaling senders and receivers, but glia also contribute to the communication disruption. Although the magnitude of changes is moderate, we find that excitatory and inhibitor neurons are involved in multiple intercellular signaling that exhibits increased strengths in autism, such as NRXN and CNTN signaling. Not all genes in the intercellular signaling pathways show differential expression, but genes in the affected pathways are enriched for axon guidance, synapse organization, neuron migration, and other critical cellular functions. Furthermore, those genes are highly connected to and enriched for genes previously associated with autism risks. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our proof-of-principle computational study using single-cell data uncovers key intercellular signaling pathways that are potentially disrupted in the autism brains, suggesting that more studies examining cross-cell type effects can be valuable for understanding autism pathogenesis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-022-09441-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574 [article] Characterization of cell-cell communication in autistic brains with single-cell transcriptomes [texte imprimé] / Maider ASTORKIA, Auteur ; Herbert M. LACHMAN, Auteur ; Deyou ZHENG, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 14 (2022) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/pathology  Autistic Disorder/genetics  Brain/pathology  Cell Communication  Child  Humans  Transcriptome  Autism  Brain  Cell-cell communication  Ligand-receptor  Network  Single-cell RNA-seq Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting 1-2% of children. Studies have revealed genetic and cellular abnormalities in the brains of affected individuals, leading to both regional and distal cell communication deficits. METHODS: Recent application of single-cell technologies, especially single-cell transcriptomics, has significantly expanded our understanding of brain cell heterogeneity and further demonstrated that multiple cell types and brain layers or regions are perturbed in autism. The underlying high-dimensional single-cell data provides opportunities for multilevel computational analysis that collectively can better deconvolute the molecular and cellular events altered in autism. Here, we apply advanced computation and pattern recognition approaches on single-cell RNA-seq data to infer and compare inter-cell-type signaling communications in autism brains and controls. RESULTS: Our results indicate that at a global level, there are cell-cell communication differences in autism in comparison with controls, largely involving neurons as both signaling senders and receivers, but glia also contribute to the communication disruption. Although the magnitude of changes is moderate, we find that excitatory and inhibitor neurons are involved in multiple intercellular signaling that exhibits increased strengths in autism, such as NRXN and CNTN signaling. Not all genes in the intercellular signaling pathways show differential expression, but genes in the affected pathways are enriched for axon guidance, synapse organization, neuron migration, and other critical cellular functions. Furthermore, those genes are highly connected to and enriched for genes previously associated with autism risks. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our proof-of-principle computational study using single-cell data uncovers key intercellular signaling pathways that are potentially disrupted in the autism brains, suggesting that more studies examining cross-cell type effects can be valuable for understanding autism pathogenesis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-022-09441-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574

Region-specific associations between gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor binding and cortical thickness in high-functioning autistic adults / David JAMES in Autism Research, 15-6 (June 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1068-1082 Titre : Region-specific associations between gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor binding and cortical thickness in high-functioning autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David JAMES, Auteur ; Vicky T. LAM, Auteur ; Booil JO, Auteur ; Lawrence K. FUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1068-1082 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/pathology  Brain/pathology  Brain Mapping/methods  Female  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods  Male  gamma-Aminobutyric Acid  GABAA receptor density  autism  cortical thickness  postcentral gyrus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The neurobiology of autism has been shown to involve alterations in cortical morphology and gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A) ) receptor density. We hypothesized that GABA(A) receptor binding potential (GABA(A) R BP(ND) ) would correlate with cortical thickness, but their correlations would differ between autistic adults and typically developing (TD) controls. We studied 50 adults (23 autism, 27 TD, mean age of 27 years) using magnetic resonance imaging to measure cortical thickness, and [(18) F]flumazenil positron emission tomography imaging to measure GABA(A) R BP(ND) . We determined the correlations between cortical thickness and GABA(A) R BP(ND) by cortical lobe, region-of-interest, and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We also explored potential sex differences in the relationship between cortical thickness and autism characteristics, as measured by autism spectrum quotient (AQ) scores. Comparing autism and TD groups, no significant differences were found in cortical thickness or GABA(A) R BP(ND) . In both autism and TD groups, a negative relationship between cortical thickness and GABA(A) R BP(ND) was observed in the frontal and occipital cortices, but no relationship was found in the temporal or limbic cortices. A positive correlation was seen in the parietal cortex that was only significant for the autism group. Interestingly, in an exploratory analysis, we found sex differences in the relationships between cortical thickness and GABA(A) R BP(ND) , and cortical thickness and AQ scores in the left postcentral gyrus. LAY SUMMARY: The thickness of the brain cortex and the density of the receptors associated with inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA have been hypothesized to underlie the neurobiology of autism. In this study, we found that these biomarkers correlate positively in the parietal cortex, but negatively in the frontal and occipital cortical regions of the brain. Furthermore, we collected preliminary evidence that the correlations between cortical thickness and GABA receptor density are sexdependent in a brain region where sensory inputs are registered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2703 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] Region-specific associations between gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor binding and cortical thickness in high-functioning autistic adults [texte imprimé] / David JAMES, Auteur ; Vicky T. LAM, Auteur ; Booil JO, Auteur ; Lawrence K. FUNG, Auteur . - p.1068-1082. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1068-1082 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/pathology  Brain/pathology  Brain Mapping/methods  Female  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods  Male  gamma-Aminobutyric Acid  GABAA receptor density  autism  cortical thickness  postcentral gyrus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The neurobiology of autism has been shown to involve alterations in cortical morphology and gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A) ) receptor density. We hypothesized that GABA(A) receptor binding potential (GABA(A) R BP(ND) ) would correlate with cortical thickness, but their correlations would differ between autistic adults and typically developing (TD) controls. We studied 50 adults (23 autism, 27 TD, mean age of 27 years) using magnetic resonance imaging to measure cortical thickness, and [(18) F]flumazenil positron emission tomography imaging to measure GABA(A) R BP(ND) . We determined the correlations between cortical thickness and GABA(A) R BP(ND) by cortical lobe, region-of-interest, and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We also explored potential sex differences in the relationship between cortical thickness and autism characteristics, as measured by autism spectrum quotient (AQ) scores. Comparing autism and TD groups, no significant differences were found in cortical thickness or GABA(A) R BP(ND) . In both autism and TD groups, a negative relationship between cortical thickness and GABA(A) R BP(ND) was observed in the frontal and occipital cortices, but no relationship was found in the temporal or limbic cortices. A positive correlation was seen in the parietal cortex that was only significant for the autism group. Interestingly, in an exploratory analysis, we found sex differences in the relationships between cortical thickness and GABA(A) R BP(ND) , and cortical thickness and AQ scores in the left postcentral gyrus. LAY SUMMARY: The thickness of the brain cortex and the density of the receptors associated with inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA have been hypothesized to underlie the neurobiology of autism. In this study, we found that these biomarkers correlate positively in the parietal cortex, but negatively in the frontal and occipital cortical regions of the brain. Furthermore, we collected preliminary evidence that the correlations between cortical thickness and GABA receptor density are sexdependent in a brain region where sensory inputs are registered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2703 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476