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Psychopathic traits moderate peer influence on adolescent delinquency / Margaret KERR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-8 (August 2012)
[article]
Titre : Psychopathic traits moderate peer influence on adolescent delinquency Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Margaret KERR, Auteur ; Maarten Herman Walter VAN ZALK, Auteur ; Hakan STATTIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.826-835 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathic traits callous-unemotional traits delinquency peer influence peer network Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Peer influence on adolescent delinquency is well established, but little is known about moderators of peer influence. In this study, we examined adolescents’ (targets) and their peers’ psychopathic personality traits as moderators of peer influence on delinquency in peer networks. We used three separate dimensions of the psychopathic personality: grandiose-manipulative traits, callous-unemotional traits, and impulsive-irresponsible traits. Methods: We used a peer network approach with five waves of longitudinal data from 847 adolescents in one community. Peer nominations were not limited to the school context, thus allowing us to capture all potentially important peers. In addition, peers reported on their own delinquency, thus allowing us to avoid problems of false consensus or projection that arise when individuals report on their peers’ delinquency. We used simulation investigation for empirical network analyses (SIENA), which is the only program currently available that can be used to study peer influence effects in peer networks of multiple relationships while controlling for selection effects. Results: Targets’ and peers’ callous-unemotional and grandiose-manipulative traits uniquely moderated peer influence on delinquency. Relative to those with low levels, targets who were high on these traits were less influenced by peers’ delinquency, and peers who were high on these traits were more influential on targets’ delinquency. Selection effects were found for impulsive-irresponsible traits, but these traits did not moderate peer influence on delinquency. Conclusions: As the first study to look at moderating effects of psychopathic traits on peer influence, this study advances knowledge about peer influence on delinquency and about psychopathic traits in adolescents. In addition, the study contributes to the literature by looking at unique effects of the three dimensions of psychopathy and taking a peer network approach, in which network effects, self-selection, and other selection effects are controlled when examining influence and moderators of influence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02492.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.826-835[article] Psychopathic traits moderate peer influence on adolescent delinquency [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Margaret KERR, Auteur ; Maarten Herman Walter VAN ZALK, Auteur ; Hakan STATTIN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.826-835.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.826-835
Mots-clés : Psychopathic traits callous-unemotional traits delinquency peer influence peer network Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Peer influence on adolescent delinquency is well established, but little is known about moderators of peer influence. In this study, we examined adolescents’ (targets) and their peers’ psychopathic personality traits as moderators of peer influence on delinquency in peer networks. We used three separate dimensions of the psychopathic personality: grandiose-manipulative traits, callous-unemotional traits, and impulsive-irresponsible traits. Methods: We used a peer network approach with five waves of longitudinal data from 847 adolescents in one community. Peer nominations were not limited to the school context, thus allowing us to capture all potentially important peers. In addition, peers reported on their own delinquency, thus allowing us to avoid problems of false consensus or projection that arise when individuals report on their peers’ delinquency. We used simulation investigation for empirical network analyses (SIENA), which is the only program currently available that can be used to study peer influence effects in peer networks of multiple relationships while controlling for selection effects. Results: Targets’ and peers’ callous-unemotional and grandiose-manipulative traits uniquely moderated peer influence on delinquency. Relative to those with low levels, targets who were high on these traits were less influenced by peers’ delinquency, and peers who were high on these traits were more influential on targets’ delinquency. Selection effects were found for impulsive-irresponsible traits, but these traits did not moderate peer influence on delinquency. Conclusions: As the first study to look at moderating effects of psychopathic traits on peer influence, this study advances knowledge about peer influence on delinquency and about psychopathic traits in adolescents. In addition, the study contributes to the literature by looking at unique effects of the three dimensions of psychopathy and taking a peer network approach, in which network effects, self-selection, and other selection effects are controlled when examining influence and moderators of influence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02492.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177 Concurrent and prospective effects of psychopathic traits on affective and cognitive empathy in a community sample of late adolescents / Bart H. J. BROUNS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-9 (September 2013)
[article]
Titre : Concurrent and prospective effects of psychopathic traits on affective and cognitive empathy in a community sample of late adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bart H. J. BROUNS, Auteur ; Minet Annette DE WIED, Auteur ; Loes KEIJSERS, Auteur ; Susan J. T. BRANJE, Auteur ; Stephanie H. M. VAN GOOZEN, Auteur ; Wim H. J. MEEUS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.969-976 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathic traits emotional concern perspective taking empathy development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A deficit in affective rather than cognitive empathy is thought to be central to psychopathic traits. However, empirical evidence for empathy deficits in adolescents with psychopathic traits is limited. We investigated the concurrent and prospective effects of psychopathic traits on affective and cognitive trait empathy in late adolescence. Methods A community sample of 107 males and 126 females who were approximately 16-year olds at Time 1 participated in four annual waves. Sex-specific classes of adolescents' psychopathic traits were created using Latent Class Analyses. Subsequently, we investigated class differences in level and development of empathy. Results For both sexes, Latent Class Analyses produced two classes: one class with low and one with moderate levels of psychopathic traits. Consistent with our hypothesis, for both sexes, adolescents with moderate levels of psychopathic traits reported lower mean levels of affective empathy than adolescents with low levels of psychopathic traits. In addition, female adolescents with moderate psychopathic traits reported lower mean levels of cognitive empathy. Male adolescents showed a trend in this direction. No differences between classes were found in development of empathy, which increased over years. Conclusions This is the first study to show that male and female adolescents with higher levels of psychopathic traits have lower levels of affective empathy not only concurrently but also prospectively over a 3-year period. Females additionally showed a similar pattern on cognitive empathy. In this community sample, developmental results suggest that adolescents with higher levels of psychopathic traits have relative rather than absolute empathy deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12052 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-9 (September 2013) . - p.969-976[article] Concurrent and prospective effects of psychopathic traits on affective and cognitive empathy in a community sample of late adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bart H. J. BROUNS, Auteur ; Minet Annette DE WIED, Auteur ; Loes KEIJSERS, Auteur ; Susan J. T. BRANJE, Auteur ; Stephanie H. M. VAN GOOZEN, Auteur ; Wim H. J. MEEUS, Auteur . - p.969-976.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-9 (September 2013) . - p.969-976
Mots-clés : Psychopathic traits emotional concern perspective taking empathy development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A deficit in affective rather than cognitive empathy is thought to be central to psychopathic traits. However, empirical evidence for empathy deficits in adolescents with psychopathic traits is limited. We investigated the concurrent and prospective effects of psychopathic traits on affective and cognitive trait empathy in late adolescence. Methods A community sample of 107 males and 126 females who were approximately 16-year olds at Time 1 participated in four annual waves. Sex-specific classes of adolescents' psychopathic traits were created using Latent Class Analyses. Subsequently, we investigated class differences in level and development of empathy. Results For both sexes, Latent Class Analyses produced two classes: one class with low and one with moderate levels of psychopathic traits. Consistent with our hypothesis, for both sexes, adolescents with moderate levels of psychopathic traits reported lower mean levels of affective empathy than adolescents with low levels of psychopathic traits. In addition, female adolescents with moderate psychopathic traits reported lower mean levels of cognitive empathy. Male adolescents showed a trend in this direction. No differences between classes were found in development of empathy, which increased over years. Conclusions This is the first study to show that male and female adolescents with higher levels of psychopathic traits have lower levels of affective empathy not only concurrently but also prospectively over a 3-year period. Females additionally showed a similar pattern on cognitive empathy. In this community sample, developmental results suggest that adolescents with higher levels of psychopathic traits have relative rather than absolute empathy deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12052 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 Effects of childhood trauma in psychopathy and response inhibition / Stacey A. BEDWELL in Development and Psychopathology, 35-2 (May 2023)
[article]
Titre : Effects of childhood trauma in psychopathy and response inhibition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stacey A. BEDWELL, Auteur ; Charlotte HICKMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.724-729 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : childhood trauma executive function psychopathic traits psychopathy response inhibition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Childhood trauma is linked to impairments in executive function and working memory, thought to underly psychological disorders including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Research demonstrates that childhood trauma can partially mediate posttraumatic stress disorder in those with executive function deficits. Despite a link with executive function deficit, psychopathy as a consequence of trauma is yet to be studied in this context. The present study investigates the possibility of a relationship between childhood trauma, psychopathic traits, and response inhibition. Eighty participants were tasked to completed the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (Pennebaker & Susman, 2013), Levenson?s Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Levenson et al., 1995), and Flanker task of response inhibition (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974). Scores of trauma exposure, psychopathic traits, and reaction times in the Flanker task were measured. Regression analysis revealed no significance for trauma exposure in predicting psychopathic traits (p = .201) and response inhibition (p = .183), indicating that childhood trauma does not strongly predict susceptibility to psychopathic traits or response inhibition deficits. These findings form an important basis on which to build a further understanding of the consequences of childhood trauma exposure, specifically in terms of understanding how specific cognitive functions may be influenced and providing a clearer understanding of how psychopathic traits develop. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001863 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=504
in Development and Psychopathology > 35-2 (May 2023) . - p.724-729[article] Effects of childhood trauma in psychopathy and response inhibition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stacey A. BEDWELL, Auteur ; Charlotte HICKMAN, Auteur . - p.724-729.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 35-2 (May 2023) . - p.724-729
Mots-clés : childhood trauma executive function psychopathic traits psychopathy response inhibition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Childhood trauma is linked to impairments in executive function and working memory, thought to underly psychological disorders including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Research demonstrates that childhood trauma can partially mediate posttraumatic stress disorder in those with executive function deficits. Despite a link with executive function deficit, psychopathy as a consequence of trauma is yet to be studied in this context. The present study investigates the possibility of a relationship between childhood trauma, psychopathic traits, and response inhibition. Eighty participants were tasked to completed the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (Pennebaker & Susman, 2013), Levenson?s Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Levenson et al., 1995), and Flanker task of response inhibition (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974). Scores of trauma exposure, psychopathic traits, and reaction times in the Flanker task were measured. Regression analysis revealed no significance for trauma exposure in predicting psychopathic traits (p = .201) and response inhibition (p = .183), indicating that childhood trauma does not strongly predict susceptibility to psychopathic traits or response inhibition deficits. These findings form an important basis on which to build a further understanding of the consequences of childhood trauma exposure, specifically in terms of understanding how specific cognitive functions may be influenced and providing a clearer understanding of how psychopathic traits develop. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001863 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=504