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Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level / Cathriona CANTIO in Autism Research, 9-12 (December 2016)
[article]
Titre : Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Gitte FALCHER MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1328-1339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders cognition theory of mind executive function local bias fractionation symptomatology Behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum is characterized by genetic and behavioral heterogeneity. However, it is still unknown whether there is a universal pattern of cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and whether multiple cognitive impairments are needed to explain the full range of behavioral symptoms. This study aimed to determine whether three widely acknowledged cognitive abnormalities (Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment, Executive Function (EF) impairment, and the presence of a Local Processing Bias (LB)) are universal and fractionable in autism, and whether the relationship between cognition and behavior is dependent on the method of behavioral assessment. Thirty-one high-functioning children with ASD and thirty-seven children with neurotypical development (NTD), comparable in age, gender and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), completed several tasks tapping into ToM, EF, and LB, and autistic symptomatology was assessed through parental and teacher questionnaires, parental interview and direct observation. We found that ToM and EF deficits differentiated the groups and some ToM and EF tasks were related to each other. ToM and EF were together able to correctly classify more than three-quarters of the children into cases and controls, despite relating to none of the specific behavioral measures. Only a small subgroup of individuals displayed a LB, which was unrelated to ToM and EF, and did not aid diagnostic classification, most likely contributing to non-diagnostic symptoms in a subgroup. Despite the characteristic heterogeneity of the autism spectrum, it remains a possibility therefore that a single cognitive cause may underlie the range of diagnostic symptoms in all individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298
in Autism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1328-1339[article] Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Gitte FALCHER MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur . - p.1328-1339.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1328-1339
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders cognition theory of mind executive function local bias fractionation symptomatology Behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum is characterized by genetic and behavioral heterogeneity. However, it is still unknown whether there is a universal pattern of cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and whether multiple cognitive impairments are needed to explain the full range of behavioral symptoms. This study aimed to determine whether three widely acknowledged cognitive abnormalities (Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment, Executive Function (EF) impairment, and the presence of a Local Processing Bias (LB)) are universal and fractionable in autism, and whether the relationship between cognition and behavior is dependent on the method of behavioral assessment. Thirty-one high-functioning children with ASD and thirty-seven children with neurotypical development (NTD), comparable in age, gender and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), completed several tasks tapping into ToM, EF, and LB, and autistic symptomatology was assessed through parental and teacher questionnaires, parental interview and direct observation. We found that ToM and EF deficits differentiated the groups and some ToM and EF tasks were related to each other. ToM and EF were together able to correctly classify more than three-quarters of the children into cases and controls, despite relating to none of the specific behavioral measures. Only a small subgroup of individuals displayed a LB, which was unrelated to ToM and EF, and did not aid diagnostic classification, most likely contributing to non-diagnostic symptoms in a subgroup. Despite the characteristic heterogeneity of the autism spectrum, it remains a possibility therefore that a single cognitive cause may underlie the range of diagnostic symptoms in all individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task / Sarah J. WHITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-11 (November 2011)
[article]
Titre : Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1565-1572 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Central coherence Local bias Embedded figures Inconsistent results Cognitive heterogeneity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Embedded Figures Test assesses weak central coherence and individuals with autism are commonly assumed to perform superiorly; however, the evidence for this claim is somewhat mixed. Here, two large (N = 45 and 62) samples of high-functioning children (6–16 years) with autism spectrum disorder performed similarly to typically-developing children on accuracy and reaction time measures; this could not be attributed to insufficient power. Inconsistent past findings are most likely due to methodological and analysis techniques, as well as heterogeneity in central coherence within autism spectrum disorders. While this task has been useful in establishing weak central coherence as a cognitive theory in autism, inconsistent past findings and its inability to disentangle global and local processing suggest that it should be used with caution in the future. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1182-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-11 (November 2011) . - p.1565-1572[article] Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1565-1572.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-11 (November 2011) . - p.1565-1572
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Central coherence Local bias Embedded figures Inconsistent results Cognitive heterogeneity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Embedded Figures Test assesses weak central coherence and individuals with autism are commonly assumed to perform superiorly; however, the evidence for this claim is somewhat mixed. Here, two large (N = 45 and 62) samples of high-functioning children (6–16 years) with autism spectrum disorder performed similarly to typically-developing children on accuracy and reaction time measures; this could not be attributed to insufficient power. Inconsistent past findings are most likely due to methodological and analysis techniques, as well as heterogeneity in central coherence within autism spectrum disorders. While this task has been useful in establishing weak central coherence as a cognitive theory in autism, inconsistent past findings and its inability to disentangle global and local processing suggest that it should be used with caution in the future. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1182-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147 Disembedding performance and eye gaze behavior of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Melissa H. BLACK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 66 (October 2019)
[article]
Titre : Disembedding performance and eye gaze behavior of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melissa H. BLACK, Auteur ; Sharmila VAZ, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Julia S. Y. TANG, Auteur ; Susan MORRIS, Auteur ; Hoe LEE, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101417 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye tracking Local bias Weak central coherence Enhanced perceptual functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Atypical visual perception in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks. Gaze behavior has provided some insights in to mechanisms underlying this purported superiority in children, however evidence is limited and requires additional investigation. Method The performance and gaze behavior of 27 adolescents with ASD and 27 matched typically developing (TD) peers were examined during the Figure Ground Subtest of the Test of Visual Perception Skills-third edition (TVPS-3). Results Compared to their TD counterparts, adolescents with ASD were no different in accuracy, however, had a longer response time. Differences in gaze behavior were also observed, characterized by adolescents with ASD spending less time viewing the incorrect and target figures, and spending a greater proportion of time viewing irrelevant areas of the stimuli compared to TD adolescents. Conclusions Results suggest that while altered visual perception was observed, this did not contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks in adolescents with ASD. Future research is required to elucidate conditions under which altered visual perception may contribute to behavioral superiority. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=404
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 66 (October 2019) . - p.101417[article] Disembedding performance and eye gaze behavior of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melissa H. BLACK, Auteur ; Sharmila VAZ, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Julia S. Y. TANG, Auteur ; Susan MORRIS, Auteur ; Hoe LEE, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur . - p.101417.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 66 (October 2019) . - p.101417
Mots-clés : Eye tracking Local bias Weak central coherence Enhanced perceptual functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Atypical visual perception in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks. Gaze behavior has provided some insights in to mechanisms underlying this purported superiority in children, however evidence is limited and requires additional investigation. Method The performance and gaze behavior of 27 adolescents with ASD and 27 matched typically developing (TD) peers were examined during the Figure Ground Subtest of the Test of Visual Perception Skills-third edition (TVPS-3). Results Compared to their TD counterparts, adolescents with ASD were no different in accuracy, however, had a longer response time. Differences in gaze behavior were also observed, characterized by adolescents with ASD spending less time viewing the incorrect and target figures, and spending a greater proportion of time viewing irrelevant areas of the stimuli compared to TD adolescents. Conclusions Results suggest that while altered visual perception was observed, this did not contribute to superiority in disembedding tasks in adolescents with ASD. Future research is required to elucidate conditions under which altered visual perception may contribute to behavioral superiority. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=404