Beyond intervention into daily life: A systematic review of generalisation following social communication interventions for young children with autism / Sophie CARRUTHERS in Autism Research, 13-4 (April 2020) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Autism Research > 13-4 (April 2020) . - p.506-522 Titre : Beyond intervention into daily life: A systematic review of generalisation following social communication interventions for young children with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sophie CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.506-522 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  generalization  intervention research  learning  skill learning  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Researchers have generally considered autistic individuals to have difficulties generalising learned skills across novel contexts. Successful generalisation is necessary for an intervention to have benefits in everyday life beyond the original learning environment. We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of early social communication interventions for children with autism in order to explore generalisation and its measurement. We identified nine RCTs that provided evidence of initial target learning and measured generalisation, of which eight demonstrated at least some successful generalisation across people, settings, and/or activities. The findings did not support the widely reported generalisation 'difficulties' associated with autism. However, generalisation was not consistent across all skills within studies, and one study found no generalisation despite evidence for initial target learning within the intervention context. In general, there are few methodologically sound social communication intervention studies exploring generalisation in autism and no consensus on how it should be measured. In particular, failure to demonstrate initial learning of target skills within the intervention setting and an absence of formal mediation analyses of the hypothesised mechanisms limit current research. We outline a framework within which measurement of generalisation can be considered for use in future trials. To maximise the effectiveness of interventions, the field needs to gain a better understanding of the nature of generalisation among autistic individuals and what additional strategies may further enhance learning. Autism Res 2020, 13: 506-522. (c) 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally considered that autistic individuals experience difficulties applying things they have learned in one context into different settings (e.g. from school to home). This is important to consider for intervention studies. Our review does not support a complete lack of generalisation but instead suggests that after early social communication intervention, autistic children can transfer some skills to new contexts. Overall, there is limited research in this area and further work is needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2264 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4213 [article] Beyond intervention into daily life: A systematic review of generalisation following social communication interventions for young children with autism [texte imprimé] / Sophie CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur . - p.506-522. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-4 (April 2020) . - p.506-522 Mots-clés : autism  generalization  intervention research  learning  skill learning  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Researchers have generally considered autistic individuals to have difficulties generalising learned skills across novel contexts. Successful generalisation is necessary for an intervention to have benefits in everyday life beyond the original learning environment. We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of early social communication interventions for children with autism in order to explore generalisation and its measurement. We identified nine RCTs that provided evidence of initial target learning and measured generalisation, of which eight demonstrated at least some successful generalisation across people, settings, and/or activities. The findings did not support the widely reported generalisation 'difficulties' associated with autism. However, generalisation was not consistent across all skills within studies, and one study found no generalisation despite evidence for initial target learning within the intervention context. In general, there are few methodologically sound social communication intervention studies exploring generalisation in autism and no consensus on how it should be measured. In particular, failure to demonstrate initial learning of target skills within the intervention setting and an absence of formal mediation analyses of the hypothesised mechanisms limit current research. We outline a framework within which measurement of generalisation can be considered for use in future trials. To maximise the effectiveness of interventions, the field needs to gain a better understanding of the nature of generalisation among autistic individuals and what additional strategies may further enhance learning. Autism Res 2020, 13: 506-522. (c) 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally considered that autistic individuals experience difficulties applying things they have learned in one context into different settings (e.g. from school to home). This is important to consider for intervention studies. Our review does not support a complete lack of generalisation but instead suggests that after early social communication intervention, autistic children can transfer some skills to new contexts. Overall, there is limited research in this area and further work is needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2264 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4213

Book Reviews / Vicky SLONIMS in Autism, 6-4 (December 2002) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Autism > 6-4 (December 2002) . - p.440-441 Titre : Book Reviews Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.440-441 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361302006004013 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2099 [article] Book Reviews [texte imprimé] / Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur . - p.440-441. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 6-4 (December 2002) . - p.440-441 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361302006004013 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2099

Brief Report: Associations Between Preverbal Social Communication Skills, Language and Symptom Severity in Children with Autism: An Investigation Using the Early Sociocognitive Battery / Lauren J TAYLOR in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-4 (April 2020) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-4 (April 2020) . - p.1434-1442 Titre : Brief Report: Associations Between Preverbal Social Communication Skills, Language and Symptom Severity in Children with Autism: An Investigation Using the Early Sociocognitive Battery Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lauren J TAYLOR, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1434-1442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Language  Preverbal social communication  Symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the early sociocognitive battery (ESB), a novel measure of preverbal social communication skills, in children with autism participating in the Paediatric Autism Communication Trial-Generalised (PACT-G). The associations between ESB scores, language and autism symptoms were assessed in 249 children aged 2-11 years. The results show that ESB subscale scores (social responsiveness, joint attention and symbolic comprehension) were significantly associated with concurrent autism symptoms and receptive and expressive language levels. The pattern of association between the ESB subscale scores differed between the ADOS-2 symptom domains and expressive and receptive language. These findings indicate the potential utility of the ESB as a measure of preverbal social communication in children with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04364-z Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4218 [article] Brief Report: Associations Between Preverbal Social Communication Skills, Language and Symptom Severity in Children with Autism: An Investigation Using the Early Sociocognitive Battery [texte imprimé] / Lauren J TAYLOR, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur . - p.1434-1442. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-4 (April 2020) . - p.1434-1442 Mots-clés : Autism  Language  Preverbal social communication  Symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the early sociocognitive battery (ESB), a novel measure of preverbal social communication skills, in children with autism participating in the Paediatric Autism Communication Trial-Generalised (PACT-G). The associations between ESB scores, language and autism symptoms were assessed in 249 children aged 2-11 years. The results show that ESB subscale scores (social responsiveness, joint attention and symbolic comprehension) were significantly associated with concurrent autism symptoms and receptive and expressive language levels. The pattern of association between the ESB subscale scores differed between the ADOS-2 symptom domains and expressive and receptive language. These findings indicate the potential utility of the ESB as a measure of preverbal social communication in children with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04364-z Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4218

Intervention for Infants at Risk of Developing Autism: A Case Series / Jonathan GREEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-11 (November 2013) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-11 (November 2013) . - p.2502-2514 Titre : Intervention for Infants at Risk of Developing Autism: A Case Series Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jonathan GREEN, Auteur ; Ming Wai WAN, Auteur ; Jeanne GUIRAUD, Auteur ; Samina HOLSGROVE, Auteur ; Janet MCNALLY, Auteur ; Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur ; Mayada ELSABBAGH, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Mark JOHNSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2502-2514 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Intervention  Prodromal  Infancy  Parent–child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Theory and evidence suggest the potential value of prodromal intervention for infants at risk of developing autism. We report an initial case series (n = 8) of a parent-mediated, video-aided and interaction-focused intervention with infant siblings of autistic probands, beginning at 8–10 months of age. We outline the theory and evidence base behind this model and present data on feasibility, acceptability and measures ranging from parent-infant social interaction, to infant atypical behaviors, attention and cognition. The intervention proves to be both feasible and acceptable to families. Measurement across domains was successful and on larger samples promise to be an effective test of whether such an intervention in infancy will modify emergent atypical developmental trajectories in infants at risk for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1797-8 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2172 [article] Intervention for Infants at Risk of Developing Autism: A Case Series [texte imprimé] / Jonathan GREEN, Auteur ; Ming Wai WAN, Auteur ; Jeanne GUIRAUD, Auteur ; Samina HOLSGROVE, Auteur ; Janet MCNALLY, Auteur ; Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur ; Mayada ELSABBAGH, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Mark JOHNSON, Auteur . - p.2502-2514. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-11 (November 2013) . - p.2502-2514 Mots-clés : Autism  Intervention  Prodromal  Infancy  Parent–child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Theory and evidence suggest the potential value of prodromal intervention for infants at risk of developing autism. We report an initial case series (n = 8) of a parent-mediated, video-aided and interaction-focused intervention with infant siblings of autistic probands, beginning at 8–10 months of age. We outline the theory and evidence base behind this model and present data on feasibility, acceptability and measures ranging from parent-infant social interaction, to infant atypical behaviors, attention and cognition. The intervention proves to be both feasible and acceptable to families. Measurement across domains was successful and on larger samples promise to be an effective test of whether such an intervention in infancy will modify emergent atypical developmental trajectories in infants at risk for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1797-8 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2172

Predictors of reliable symptom change: Secondary analysis of the Preschool Autism Communication Trial / Kristelle HUDRY in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 3 (January-December 2018) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 3 (January-December 2018) Titre : Predictors of reliable symptom change: Secondary analysis of the Preschool Autism Communication Trial Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kristelle HUDRY, Auteur ; Helen McCONACHIE, Auteur ; Ann LE COUTEUR, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Barbara BARRETT, Auteur ; Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsDespite recent gains in the amount and quality of early autism intervention research, identifying what works for whom remains an ongoing challenge. Exploiting data from the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), we undertook secondary analysis to explore prognostic indicators and predictors of response to one year of PACT therapy versus treatment as usual within this large and rigorously characterised cohort recruited across three UK trial sites.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of variability in child gains on the primary trial outcome measure ? social-communication symptom severity ? we used a pragmatic and data-driven approach to identify a subgroup of children who showed reliable improvement and a subgroup showing clear lack thereof. We then tested which among several baseline child and family factors ? including measures routinely collected in research trials and clinical practice ? varied as a function of child outcome status and treatment group.ResultsGreater baseline child non-verbal ability was a significant prognostic indicator of symptom reduction over time (i.e. irrespective of treatment group). By contrast, parent synchrony presented as marginal predictor, and trial recruitment site as a significant predictor, of differential outcome by treatment group. Specifically, lower parent synchrony showed some association with poorer outcomes for children from families assigned to treatment as usual (but with no such effect for those assigned to PACT). Similarly, children at one recruitment site were more likely to have poorer outcomes if assigned to treatment as usual, compared to children at the same site assigned to PACT.ConclusionsThe current data contribute to an evidence base indicting that early non-verbal ability is a robust indicator of generally better prognosis for young children with autism. Lower parent synchrony and a broadly more deprived socio-geographical context may inform the appropriate targeting of PACT. That is, given that the former factors predicted poorer outcome in children from families assigned to treatment as usual, the receipt of a relatively low-dose, parent-mediated and communication-focused therapy might be developmentally protective for young children with autism. Nevertheless, results from this study also highlight the paucity of meaningful predictors of outcome among routine clinical characterisation measures such as those investigated here.ImplicationsUnderstanding the factors associated with differential treatment outcomes is critical if we are to individualise treatment decisions for children with autism. Inherently tied to this objective is a need to delineate those factors which specifically predict positive response (or lack of response) to one or other treatment option, versus those that indicate generally better (or poorer) prognosis, irrespective of treatment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941518764760 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3871 [article] Predictors of reliable symptom change: Secondary analysis of the Preschool Autism Communication Trial [texte imprimé] / Kristelle HUDRY, Auteur ; Helen McCONACHIE, Auteur ; Ann LE COUTEUR, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Barbara BARRETT, Auteur ; Vicky SLONIMS, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 3 (January-December 2018) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsDespite recent gains in the amount and quality of early autism intervention research, identifying what works for whom remains an ongoing challenge. Exploiting data from the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), we undertook secondary analysis to explore prognostic indicators and predictors of response to one year of PACT therapy versus treatment as usual within this large and rigorously characterised cohort recruited across three UK trial sites.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of variability in child gains on the primary trial outcome measure ? social-communication symptom severity ? we used a pragmatic and data-driven approach to identify a subgroup of children who showed reliable improvement and a subgroup showing clear lack thereof. We then tested which among several baseline child and family factors ? including measures routinely collected in research trials and clinical practice ? varied as a function of child outcome status and treatment group.ResultsGreater baseline child non-verbal ability was a significant prognostic indicator of symptom reduction over time (i.e. irrespective of treatment group). By contrast, parent synchrony presented as marginal predictor, and trial recruitment site as a significant predictor, of differential outcome by treatment group. Specifically, lower parent synchrony showed some association with poorer outcomes for children from families assigned to treatment as usual (but with no such effect for those assigned to PACT). Similarly, children at one recruitment site were more likely to have poorer outcomes if assigned to treatment as usual, compared to children at the same site assigned to PACT.ConclusionsThe current data contribute to an evidence base indicting that early non-verbal ability is a robust indicator of generally better prognosis for young children with autism. Lower parent synchrony and a broadly more deprived socio-geographical context may inform the appropriate targeting of PACT. That is, given that the former factors predicted poorer outcome in children from families assigned to treatment as usual, the receipt of a relatively low-dose, parent-mediated and communication-focused therapy might be developmentally protective for young children with autism. Nevertheless, results from this study also highlight the paucity of meaningful predictors of outcome among routine clinical characterisation measures such as those investigated here.ImplicationsUnderstanding the factors associated with differential treatment outcomes is critical if we are to individualise treatment decisions for children with autism. Inherently tied to this objective is a need to delineate those factors which specifically predict positive response (or lack of response) to one or other treatment option, versus those that indicate generally better (or poorer) prognosis, irrespective of treatment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941518764760 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3871

Randomised trial of a parent-mediated intervention for infants at high risk for autism: longitudinal outcomes to age 3 years / Jonathan GREEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-12 (December 2017) 

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Service and Wider Societal Costs of Very Young Children with Autism in the UK / Barbara BARRETT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-5 (May 2012) 

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A training and development project to improve services and opportunities for social inclusion for children and young people with autism in Romania / Greg PASCO in Autism, 18-7 (October 2014) 

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Treatment mechanism in the MRC preschool autism communication trial: implications for study design and parent-focussed therapy for children / Andrew PICKLES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-2 (February 2015) 

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