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Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum: A Dual Process Theory Account / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum: A Dual Process Theory Account Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Marcus LEWTON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2115-2125 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Reasoning Intuition Deliberation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dual process theory proposes two distinct reasoning processes in humans, an intuitive style that is rapid and automatic and a deliberative style that is more effortful. However, no study to date has specifically examined these reasoning styles in relation to the autism spectrum. The present studies investigated deliberative and intuitive reasoning profiles in: (1) a non-clinical sample from the general population with varying degrees of autism traits (n = 95), and (2) males diagnosed with ASD (n = 17) versus comparisons (n = 18). Taken together, the results suggest reasoning on the autism spectrum is compatible with the processes proposed by Dual Process Theory and that higher autism traits and ASD are characterised by a consistent bias towards deliberative reasoning (and potentially away from intuition). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2742-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2115-2125[article] Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum: A Dual Process Theory Account [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Marcus LEWTON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur . - p.2115-2125.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2115-2125
Mots-clés : Autism Reasoning Intuition Deliberation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dual process theory proposes two distinct reasoning processes in humans, an intuitive style that is rapid and automatic and a deliberative style that is more effortful. However, no study to date has specifically examined these reasoning styles in relation to the autism spectrum. The present studies investigated deliberative and intuitive reasoning profiles in: (1) a non-clinical sample from the general population with varying degrees of autism traits (n = 95), and (2) males diagnosed with ASD (n = 17) versus comparisons (n = 18). Taken together, the results suggest reasoning on the autism spectrum is compatible with the processes proposed by Dual Process Theory and that higher autism traits and ASD are characterised by a consistent bias towards deliberative reasoning (and potentially away from intuition). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2742-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 Brief Report: Intuitive and Reflective Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-8 (August 2017)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Intuitive and Reflective Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Marcus LEWTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2595-2601 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Reasoning Intuition Reflection Dual process theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dual Process Theory has recently been applied to Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to suggest that reasoning by people with ASD and people with higher levels of ASD-like traits can be characterised by reduced intuitive and greater reflective processing. 26 adolescents and adults with ASD and 22 adolescent and adult controls completed an assessment of ASD-like traits, the cognitive reflections test (CRT) to measure intuitive and reflective reasoning and an index of general cognitive ability. The ASD group produced less intuitive responses, and the degree of ASD-like traits showed a negative correlation with intuitive responses and positive correlation with reflective responses on the CRT. Together, these results are consistent with ASD being associated with reduced intuitive reasoning and greater deductive reasoning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3131-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2595-2601[article] Brief Report: Intuitive and Reflective Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Marcus LEWTON, Auteur . - p.2595-2601.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2595-2601
Mots-clés : Autism Reasoning Intuition Reflection Dual process theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dual Process Theory has recently been applied to Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to suggest that reasoning by people with ASD and people with higher levels of ASD-like traits can be characterised by reduced intuitive and greater reflective processing. 26 adolescents and adults with ASD and 22 adolescent and adult controls completed an assessment of ASD-like traits, the cognitive reflections test (CRT) to measure intuitive and reflective reasoning and an index of general cognitive ability. The ASD group produced less intuitive responses, and the degree of ASD-like traits showed a negative correlation with intuitive responses and positive correlation with reflective responses on the CRT. Together, these results are consistent with ASD being associated with reduced intuitive reasoning and greater deductive reasoning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3131-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315 Syllogistic reasoning reveals reduced bias in people with higher autistic-like traits from the general population / M. LEWTON in Autism, 23-5 (July 2019)
[article]
Titre : Syllogistic reasoning reveals reduced bias in people with higher autistic-like traits from the general population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. LEWTON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1311-1321 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism dual process theory reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent theories of autism have emphasised the cognitive strengths and weaknesses in those with autism, which are also seen to some degree in non-clinical samples with higher autistic-like traits. The dual process theory of autism proposes that people with autism and non-clinical people with a higher degree of autistic-like traits have a propensity to show reduced intuitive processing (automatic and typically faster) alongside enhanced propensity towards deliberative processing (dependent on general cognitive ability and typically slower). This study aimed to further test the dual process theory of autism by investigating syllogistic reasoning (whether a conclusion can be logically deduced from two propositions) in addition to the cognitive reflection test (correct responses to which reflect deliberative processing over-riding intuitive processing) with respect to the degree of autistic-like traits and general cognitive ability in a non-clinical sample of 189 adults. Results showed that higher levels of autistic-like traits were related to lower levels of intuitive processing and higher levels of deliberative processing, which was found across both the syllogistic reasoning and cognitive reflection test measures - over and above the effect of general cognitive ability. The findings are consistent with the dual process theory of autism, and implications for autism are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318808779 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401
in Autism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1311-1321[article] Syllogistic reasoning reveals reduced bias in people with higher autistic-like traits from the general population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. LEWTON, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.1311-1321.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1311-1321
Mots-clés : autism dual process theory reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent theories of autism have emphasised the cognitive strengths and weaknesses in those with autism, which are also seen to some degree in non-clinical samples with higher autistic-like traits. The dual process theory of autism proposes that people with autism and non-clinical people with a higher degree of autistic-like traits have a propensity to show reduced intuitive processing (automatic and typically faster) alongside enhanced propensity towards deliberative processing (dependent on general cognitive ability and typically slower). This study aimed to further test the dual process theory of autism by investigating syllogistic reasoning (whether a conclusion can be logically deduced from two propositions) in addition to the cognitive reflection test (correct responses to which reflect deliberative processing over-riding intuitive processing) with respect to the degree of autistic-like traits and general cognitive ability in a non-clinical sample of 189 adults. Results showed that higher levels of autistic-like traits were related to lower levels of intuitive processing and higher levels of deliberative processing, which was found across both the syllogistic reasoning and cognitive reflection test measures - over and above the effect of general cognitive ability. The findings are consistent with the dual process theory of autism, and implications for autism are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318808779 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 How Children with Autism Reason about Other’s Intentions: False-Belief and Counterfactual Inferences / Célia RASGA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-6 (June 2017)
[article]
Titre : How Children with Autism Reason about Other’s Intentions: False-Belief and Counterfactual Inferences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Célia RASGA, Auteur ; Ana Cristina QUELHAS, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1806-1817 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reasoning Counterfactuals False beliefs Intentions Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examine false belief and counterfactual reasoning in children with autism with a new change-of-intentions task. Children listened to stories, for example, Anne is picking up toys and John hears her say she wants to find her ball. John goes away and the reason for Anne’s action changes—Anne’s mother tells her to tidy her bedroom. We asked, ‘What will John believe is the reason that Anne is picking up toys?’ which requires a false-belief inference, and ‘If Anne’s mother hadn’t asked Anne to tidy her room, what would have been the reason she was picking up toys?’ which requires a counterfactual inference. We tested children aged 6, 8 and 10 years. Children with autism made fewer correct inferences than typically developing children at 8 years, but by 10 years there was no difference. Children with autism made fewer correct false-belief than counterfactual inferences, just like typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3107-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-6 (June 2017) . - p.1806-1817[article] How Children with Autism Reason about Other’s Intentions: False-Belief and Counterfactual Inferences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Célia RASGA, Auteur ; Ana Cristina QUELHAS, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur . - p.1806-1817.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-6 (June 2017) . - p.1806-1817
Mots-clés : Reasoning Counterfactuals False beliefs Intentions Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examine false belief and counterfactual reasoning in children with autism with a new change-of-intentions task. Children listened to stories, for example, Anne is picking up toys and John hears her say she wants to find her ball. John goes away and the reason for Anne’s action changes—Anne’s mother tells her to tidy her bedroom. We asked, ‘What will John believe is the reason that Anne is picking up toys?’ which requires a false-belief inference, and ‘If Anne’s mother hadn’t asked Anne to tidy her room, what would have been the reason she was picking up toys?’ which requires a counterfactual inference. We tested children aged 6, 8 and 10 years. Children with autism made fewer correct inferences than typically developing children at 8 years, but by 10 years there was no difference. Children with autism made fewer correct false-belief than counterfactual inferences, just like typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3107-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308 Brief Report: Generalization Weaknesses in Verbally Fluent Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Ashley B. DE MARCHENA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-10 (October 2015)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Generalization Weaknesses in Verbally Fluent Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ashley B. DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3370-3376 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Generalization Reasoning Learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty generalizing—i.e., relating new stimuli to past experiences. Few experimental studies have addressed this weakness, despite its impact on intervention effects. In a reanalysis of data (de Marchena et al. Cognition 119(1):96–113, 2011), we tested a novel form of generalization—the ability to transfer a strategy used in one context to a similar context—in verbally fluent youth with ASD and matched typically developing controls. Participants with ASD were subtly less likely to learn from experience; their generalizations were less consistent. Generalization in ASD correlated with receptive vocabulary but not age, suggesting a link to language development. A richer understanding of how to promote generalization in ASD will advance both theory and practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2478-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-10 (October 2015) . - p.3370-3376[article] Brief Report: Generalization Weaknesses in Verbally Fluent Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ashley B. DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur . - p.3370-3376.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-10 (October 2015) . - p.3370-3376
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Generalization Reasoning Learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty generalizing—i.e., relating new stimuli to past experiences. Few experimental studies have addressed this weakness, despite its impact on intervention effects. In a reanalysis of data (de Marchena et al. Cognition 119(1):96–113, 2011), we tested a novel form of generalization—the ability to transfer a strategy used in one context to a similar context—in verbally fluent youth with ASD and matched typically developing controls. Participants with ASD were subtly less likely to learn from experience; their generalizations were less consistent. Generalization in ASD correlated with receptive vocabulary but not age, suggesting a link to language development. A richer understanding of how to promote generalization in ASD will advance both theory and practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2478-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268