Anthropomorphic bias found in typically developing children is not found in children with autistic spectrum disorder / Thierry CHAMINADE in Autism, 19-2 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-2 (February 2015) . - p.248-251 Titre : Anthropomorphic bias found in typically developing children is not found in children with autistic spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thierry CHAMINADE, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur ; David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Jessica K. HODGINS, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.248-251 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Biological motion  computer-animated characters Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The anthropomorphic bias describes the finding that the perceived naturalness of a biological motion decreases as the human-likeness of a computer-animated agent increases. To investigate the anthropomorphic bias in autistic children, human or cartoon characters were presented with biological and artificial motions side by side on a touchscreen. Children were required to touch one that would grow while the other would disappear, implicitly rewarding their choice. Only typically developing controls depicted the expected preference for biological motion when rendered with human, but not cartoon, characters. Despite performing the task to report a preference, children with autism depicted neither normal nor reversed anthropomorphic bias, suggesting that they are not sensitive to the congruence of form and motion information when observing computer-animated agents’ actions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313512425 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 [article] Anthropomorphic bias found in typically developing children is not found in children with autistic spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thierry CHAMINADE, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur ; David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Jessica K. HODGINS, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur . - p.248-251. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-2 (February 2015) . - p.248-251 Mots-clés : Biological motion  computer-animated characters Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The anthropomorphic bias describes the finding that the perceived naturalness of a biological motion decreases as the human-likeness of a computer-animated agent increases. To investigate the anthropomorphic bias in autistic children, human or cartoon characters were presented with biological and artificial motions side by side on a touchscreen. Children were required to touch one that would grow while the other would disappear, implicitly rewarding their choice. Only typically developing controls depicted the expected preference for biological motion when rendered with human, but not cartoon, characters. Despite performing the task to report a preference, children with autism depicted neither normal nor reversed anthropomorphic bias, suggesting that they are not sensitive to the congruence of form and motion information when observing computer-animated agents’ actions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313512425 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257

Atypical modulation of hypothalamic activity by social context in ASD / Thierry CHAMINADE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 10 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 10 (February 2015) . - p.41-50 Titre : Atypical modulation of hypothalamic activity by social context in ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thierry CHAMINADE, Auteur ; David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur ; Gordon CHENG, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.41-50 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Social interaction  Mentalization  Social motivation  Hypothalamus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : High-functioning individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and age- and verbal IQ-matched controls (CTL) were fMRI scanned when playing “stone paper scissors”. They believed they were playing against three different opponents: a Human, a Robot endowed with an artificial intelligence attempting to win the game, and a Computer running a random number generator. No differences between ASD and CTL reached significance in canonical mentalizing regions, in the medial prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction. In contrast, activity in a cluster located in the left hypothalamus, attributed to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PHN), increased in the CTL, but not ASD, group when participants played against the human compared to the artificial agent. The left temporoparietal junction (lTPJ), that has been previously associated with anthropomorphization, influenced this PHN cluster activity differently between groups, with a significantly negative functional connectivity when CTL played against the robot and when ASD participants played against the human. Brain activity results are consistent with the hypothesis that hypothalamus-secreted neurohormones, including oxytocin, could support motivation for social interactions and be impaired in autism. Brain connectivity results suggest that cortical encoding of social context information, putatively related to anthropomorphism, has a reversed effect on hypothalamus activity in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.10.015 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Atypical modulation of hypothalamic activity by social context in ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thierry CHAMINADE, Auteur ; David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur ; Gordon CHENG, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur . - p.41-50. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 10 (February 2015) . - p.41-50 Mots-clés : Autism  Social interaction  Mentalization  Social motivation  Hypothalamus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : High-functioning individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and age- and verbal IQ-matched controls (CTL) were fMRI scanned when playing “stone paper scissors”. They believed they were playing against three different opponents: a Human, a Robot endowed with an artificial intelligence attempting to win the game, and a Computer running a random number generator. No differences between ASD and CTL reached significance in canonical mentalizing regions, in the medial prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction. In contrast, activity in a cluster located in the left hypothalamus, attributed to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PHN), increased in the CTL, but not ASD, group when participants played against the human compared to the artificial agent. The left temporoparietal junction (lTPJ), that has been previously associated with anthropomorphization, influenced this PHN cluster activity differently between groups, with a significantly negative functional connectivity when CTL played against the robot and when ASD participants played against the human. Brain activity results are consistent with the hypothesis that hypothalamus-secreted neurohormones, including oxytocin, could support motivation for social interactions and be impaired in autism. Brain connectivity results suggest that cortical encoding of social context information, putatively related to anthropomorphism, has a reversed effect on hypothalamus activity in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.10.015 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Human Versus Non-Human Face Processing: Evidence from Williams Syndrome / Andreia SANTOS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39-11 (November 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 39-11 (November 2009) . - p.1552-1559 Titre : Human Versus Non-Human Face Processing: Evidence from Williams Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andreia SANTOS, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.1552-1559 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Facial-expressions Cartoon-faces Inversion-effect Williams-syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increased motivation towards social stimuli in Williams syndrome (WS) led us to hypothesize that a face’s human status would have greater impact than face’s orientation on WS’ face processing abilities. Twenty-nine individuals with WS were asked to categorize facial emotion expressions in real, human cartoon and non-human cartoon faces presented upright and inverted. When compared to both chronological and mental age-matched controls, WS participants were able to categorize emotions from human, but not from non-human faces. The use of different perceptual strategies to process human and non-human faces could not explain this dissociation. Rather, the findings suggest an increased sensitivity to socially relevant cues, such as human facial features, possibly related to the hallmark feature of WS—hypersociability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0789-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=849 [article] Human Versus Non-Human Face Processing: Evidence from Williams Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andreia SANTOS, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.1552-1559. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 39-11 (November 2009) . - p.1552-1559 Mots-clés : Facial-expressions Cartoon-faces Inversion-effect Williams-syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increased motivation towards social stimuli in Williams syndrome (WS) led us to hypothesize that a face’s human status would have greater impact than face’s orientation on WS’ face processing abilities. Twenty-nine individuals with WS were asked to categorize facial emotion expressions in real, human cartoon and non-human cartoon faces presented upright and inverted. When compared to both chronological and mental age-matched controls, WS participants were able to categorize emotions from human, but not from non-human faces. The use of different perceptual strategies to process human and non-human faces could not explain this dissociation. Rather, the findings suggest an increased sensitivity to socially relevant cues, such as human facial features, possibly related to the hallmark feature of WS—hypersociability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0789-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=849

Just Another Social Scene: Evidence for Decreased Attention to Negative Social Scenes in High-Functioning Autism / Andreia SANTOS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-9 (September 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.1790-1798 Titre : Just Another Social Scene: Evidence for Decreased Attention to Negative Social Scenes in High-Functioning Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andreia SANTOS, Auteur ; Thierry CHAMINADE, Auteur ; David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Catarina SILVA, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1790-1798 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Threat detection advantage  Eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The adaptive threat-detection advantage takes the form of a preferential orienting of attention to threatening scenes. In this study, we compared attention to social scenes in 15 high-functioning individuals with autism (ASD) and matched typically developing (TD) individuals. Eye-tracking was recorded while participants were presented with pairs of scenes, either emotional positive-neutral, emotional negative-neutral or neutral–neutral scenes. Early allocation of attention, the first image fixated in each pair, differed between groups: contrary to TD individuals who showed the typical threat-detection advantage towards negative images, the ASD group failed to show a bias toward threat-related scenes. Later processing of stimuli, indicated by the total fixation to the images during the 3-s presentation, was found unaffected in the ASD group. These results support the hypothesis of an early atypical allocation of attention towards natural social scenes in ASD, that is compensated in later stages of visual processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1415-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180 [article] Just Another Social Scene: Evidence for Decreased Attention to Negative Social Scenes in High-Functioning Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andreia SANTOS, Auteur ; Thierry CHAMINADE, Auteur ; David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Catarina SILVA, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1790-1798. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.1790-1798 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Threat detection advantage  Eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The adaptive threat-detection advantage takes the form of a preferential orienting of attention to threatening scenes. In this study, we compared attention to social scenes in 15 high-functioning individuals with autism (ASD) and matched typically developing (TD) individuals. Eye-tracking was recorded while participants were presented with pairs of scenes, either emotional positive-neutral, emotional negative-neutral or neutral–neutral scenes. Early allocation of attention, the first image fixated in each pair, differed between groups: contrary to TD individuals who showed the typical threat-detection advantage towards negative images, the ASD group failed to show a bias toward threat-related scenes. Later processing of stimuli, indicated by the total fixation to the images during the 3-s presentation, was found unaffected in the ASD group. These results support the hypothesis of an early atypical allocation of attention towards natural social scenes in ASD, that is compensated in later stages of visual processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1415-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180

The “beauty is good” for children with autism spectrum disorders too / David DA FONSECA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-1 (January-March 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.299-304 Titre : The “beauty is good” for children with autism spectrum disorders too Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur ; Andreia SANTOS, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.299-304 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Beauty Face Stereotypes Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The “beauty is good” (BIG) stereotype is a robust and extensively documented social stereotype. While one may think that children with autism are impervious to the BIG stereotype, given their remarkable difficulties in the social sphere, this issue has not yet been addressed. We have asked 18 children with autism to judge how friendly and intelligent faces appeared. They were then asked to judge the same faces on beauty, and their responses were compared to that of 18-matched controls, as well as to 71 typically developing children. Results revealed similar beauty judgements across the groups. Importantly, children with autism also showed a BIG stereotype, considering friendly and intelligent the beautiful faces, and unfriendly and not intelligent the ugly faces, just like their matched controls and typical children. These findings raise critical questions on stereotype acquisition as well as on the characterization of autism as a global social disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111 [article] The “beauty is good” for children with autism spectrum disorders too [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David DA FONSECA, Auteur ; Christine DERUELLE, Auteur ; Andreia SANTOS, Auteur ; Delphine ROSSET, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.299-304. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.299-304 Mots-clés : Beauty Face Stereotypes Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The “beauty is good” (BIG) stereotype is a robust and extensively documented social stereotype. While one may think that children with autism are impervious to the BIG stereotype, given their remarkable difficulties in the social sphere, this issue has not yet been addressed. We have asked 18 children with autism to judge how friendly and intelligent faces appeared. They were then asked to judge the same faces on beauty, and their responses were compared to that of 18-matched controls, as well as to 71 typically developing children. Results revealed similar beauty judgements across the groups. Importantly, children with autism also showed a BIG stereotype, considering friendly and intelligent the beautiful faces, and unfriendly and not intelligent the ugly faces, just like their matched controls and typical children. These findings raise critical questions on stereotype acquisition as well as on the characterization of autism as a global social disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111

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