ADHD- and medication-related brain activation effects in concordantly affected parent–child dyads with ADHD / Jeffery N. EPSTEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-9 (September 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-9 (September 2007) . - p.899–913 Titre : ADHD- and medication-related brain activation effects in concordantly affected parent–child dyads with ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeffery N. EPSTEIN, Auteur ; Lisa A. KOTLER, Auteur ; Alan VITOLO, Auteur ; Keith M. SHAFRITZ, Auteur ; Gary GLOVER, Auteur ; Amy GARRETT, Auteur ; Julie A. SPICER, Auteur ; Matthew C. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur ; Allan L. REISS, Auteur ; Stephen P. HINSHAW, Auteur ; Laurence L. GREENHILL, Auteur ; Simon T. TONEV, Auteur ; Matthew A. JARRETT, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.899–913 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD adolescence adulthood brain-imaging development fMRI methylphenidate neuropsychology children parents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Several studies have documented fronto-striatal dysfunction in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using response inhibition tasks. Our objective was to examine functional brain abnormalities among youths and adults with ADHD and to examine the relations between these neurobiological abnormalities and response to stimulant medication. Method: A group of concordantly diagnosed ADHD parent–child dyads was compared to a matched sample of normal parent–child dyads. In addition, ADHD dyads were administered double-blind methylphenidate and placebo in a counterbalanced fashion over two consecutive days of testing. Frontostriatal function was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a go/no-go task. Results: Youths and adults with ADHD showed attenuated activity in fronto-striatal regions. In addition, adults with ADHD appeared to activate non-fronto-striatal regions more than normals. A stimulant medication trial showed that among youths, stimulant medication increased activation in fronto-striatal and cerebellar regions. In adults with ADHD, increases in activation were observed in the striatum and cerebellum, but not in prefrontal regions. Conclusions: This study extends findings of fronto-striatal dysfunction to adults with ADHD and highlights the importance of frontostriatal and frontocerebellar circuitry in this disorder, providing evidence of an endophenotype for examining the genetics of ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01761.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=163 [article] ADHD- and medication-related brain activation effects in concordantly affected parent–child dyads with ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeffery N. EPSTEIN, Auteur ; Lisa A. KOTLER, Auteur ; Alan VITOLO, Auteur ; Keith M. SHAFRITZ, Auteur ; Gary GLOVER, Auteur ; Amy GARRETT, Auteur ; Julie A. SPICER, Auteur ; Matthew C. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur ; Allan L. REISS, Auteur ; Stephen P. HINSHAW, Auteur ; Laurence L. GREENHILL, Auteur ; Simon T. TONEV, Auteur ; Matthew A. JARRETT, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.899–913. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-9 (September 2007) . - p.899–913 Mots-clés : ADHD adolescence adulthood brain-imaging development fMRI methylphenidate neuropsychology children parents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Several studies have documented fronto-striatal dysfunction in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using response inhibition tasks. Our objective was to examine functional brain abnormalities among youths and adults with ADHD and to examine the relations between these neurobiological abnormalities and response to stimulant medication. Method: A group of concordantly diagnosed ADHD parent–child dyads was compared to a matched sample of normal parent–child dyads. In addition, ADHD dyads were administered double-blind methylphenidate and placebo in a counterbalanced fashion over two consecutive days of testing. Frontostriatal function was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a go/no-go task. Results: Youths and adults with ADHD showed attenuated activity in fronto-striatal regions. In addition, adults with ADHD appeared to activate non-fronto-striatal regions more than normals. A stimulant medication trial showed that among youths, stimulant medication increased activation in fronto-striatal and cerebellar regions. In adults with ADHD, increases in activation were observed in the striatum and cerebellum, but not in prefrontal regions. Conclusions: This study extends findings of fronto-striatal dysfunction to adults with ADHD and highlights the importance of frontostriatal and frontocerebellar circuitry in this disorder, providing evidence of an endophenotype for examining the genetics of ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01761.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=163

Language and cognitive outcomes in internationally adopted children / Inge-Marie EIGSTI in Development and Psychopathology, 23-2 (May 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 23-2 (May 2011) . - p.629-646 Titre : Language and cognitive outcomes in internationally adopted children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Carol C. WEITZMAN, Auteur ; Jillian M. SCHUH, Auteur ; Ashley B. DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.629-646 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study focuses on the association between language skills and core cognitive processes relative to the duration of institutionalization in children adopted from orphanages abroad. Participants in the adoptive group (n = 46) had arrived in the United States between the ages of 2 and 84 months (mean = 24 months), and had been living in the United States for 1–9 years. Drawing on both experimental and standardized assessments, language skills of the international adoptees differed as a function of length of time spent in an institution and from those of 24 nonadopted controls. Top-down cognitive assessments including measures of explicit memory and cognitive control differed between adopted and nonadopted children, yet differences between groups in bottom-up implicit learning processes were unremarkable. Based on the present findings, we propose a speculative model linking language and cognitive changes to underlying neural circuitry alterations that reflect the impact of chronic stress, due to adoptees' experience of noncontingent, nonindividualized caregiving. Thus, the present study provides support for a relationship between domain-general cognitive processes and language acquisition, and describes a potential mechanism by which language skills are affected by institutionalization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000204 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] Language and cognitive outcomes in internationally adopted children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Carol C. WEITZMAN, Auteur ; Jillian M. SCHUH, Auteur ; Ashley B. DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.629-646. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 23-2 (May 2011) . - p.629-646 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study focuses on the association between language skills and core cognitive processes relative to the duration of institutionalization in children adopted from orphanages abroad. Participants in the adoptive group (n = 46) had arrived in the United States between the ages of 2 and 84 months (mean = 24 months), and had been living in the United States for 1–9 years. Drawing on both experimental and standardized assessments, language skills of the international adoptees differed as a function of length of time spent in an institution and from those of 24 nonadopted controls. Top-down cognitive assessments including measures of explicit memory and cognitive control differed between adopted and nonadopted children, yet differences between groups in bottom-up implicit learning processes were unremarkable. Based on the present findings, we propose a speculative model linking language and cognitive changes to underlying neural circuitry alterations that reflect the impact of chronic stress, due to adoptees' experience of noncontingent, nonindividualized caregiving. Thus, the present study provides support for a relationship between domain-general cognitive processes and language acquisition, and describes a potential mechanism by which language skills are affected by institutionalization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000204 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

Neural and behavioral correlates of expectancy violations in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder / Sarah DURSTON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-9 (September 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-9 (September 2007) . - p.881–889 Titre : Neural and behavioral correlates of expectancy violations in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah DURSTON, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur ; Anouk SCHERES, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur ; Adriana GALVAN, Auteur ; Julie A. SPICER, Auteur ; Martijn J. MULDER, Auteur ; Matthew C. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.881–889 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADD/ADHD fMRI expectancy fronto-cerebellar Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood with established problems in cognitive control and associated fronto-striatal circuitry. More recently, fronto-cerebellar circuits have been implicated in this disorder. Both of these circuits are important in predicting the occurrence and timing of behaviorally relevant events and in detecting violations of these predictions. Therefore, we hypothesized that the ability to predict the occurrence of frequent events would be compromised in ADHD, as well as the ability to adapt behavior when expectancy was violated. Methods: We used rapid, mixed-trial, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine cognitive and neural processes in two independent samples of children and adolescents with ADHD and matched controls. Subjects performed a variation of a go-no/go task where the predictability of stimulus identity (what) and timing (when) was manipulated. Results: Behaviorally, children and adolescents with ADHD had increased variability in reaction times, and decreased benefit in reaction time when events were predictable. Differences in accuracy between groups were most reliable for temporally unpredictable trials. Functional imaging results from both samples showed that relative to the control children and adolescents, individuals with ADHD had diminished cerebellar activity to violations of stimulus timing and diminished ventral prefrontal and anterior cingulate activity to violations in stimulus timing and identity. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the view that disruptive behaviors in inappropriate contexts, a major criterion in diagnosing ADHD, may be related to an impaired ability to predict temporal and contextual cues in the environment, thus hindering the ability to alter behavior when they change. This ability requires intact fronto-cerebellar, as well as fronto-striatal circuitry. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01754.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=163 [article] Neural and behavioral correlates of expectancy violations in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah DURSTON, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur ; Anouk SCHERES, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur ; Adriana GALVAN, Auteur ; Julie A. SPICER, Auteur ; Martijn J. MULDER, Auteur ; Matthew C. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.881–889. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-9 (September 2007) . - p.881–889 Mots-clés : ADD/ADHD fMRI expectancy fronto-cerebellar Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood with established problems in cognitive control and associated fronto-striatal circuitry. More recently, fronto-cerebellar circuits have been implicated in this disorder. Both of these circuits are important in predicting the occurrence and timing of behaviorally relevant events and in detecting violations of these predictions. Therefore, we hypothesized that the ability to predict the occurrence of frequent events would be compromised in ADHD, as well as the ability to adapt behavior when expectancy was violated. Methods: We used rapid, mixed-trial, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine cognitive and neural processes in two independent samples of children and adolescents with ADHD and matched controls. Subjects performed a variation of a go-no/go task where the predictability of stimulus identity (what) and timing (when) was manipulated. Results: Behaviorally, children and adolescents with ADHD had increased variability in reaction times, and decreased benefit in reaction time when events were predictable. Differences in accuracy between groups were most reliable for temporally unpredictable trials. Functional imaging results from both samples showed that relative to the control children and adolescents, individuals with ADHD had diminished cerebellar activity to violations of stimulus timing and diminished ventral prefrontal and anterior cingulate activity to violations in stimulus timing and identity. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the view that disruptive behaviors in inappropriate contexts, a major criterion in diagnosing ADHD, may be related to an impaired ability to predict temporal and contextual cues in the environment, thus hindering the ability to alter behavior when they change. This ability requires intact fronto-cerebellar, as well as fronto-striatal circuitry. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01754.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=163

Processing emotional facial expressions influences performance on a Go/NoGo task in pediatric anxiety and depression / Cecile D. LADOUCEUR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-11 (November 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-11 (November 2006) . - p.1107–1115 Titre : Processing emotional facial expressions influences performance on a Go/NoGo task in pediatric anxiety and depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cecile D. LADOUCEUR, Auteur ; Boris BIRMAHER, Auteur ; David A. AXELSON, Auteur ; Neal D. RYAN, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Douglas E. WILLIAMSON, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1107–1115 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Children adolescents anxiety depression emotional-processing cognitive-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: This study investigated whether processing emotionally salient information such as emotional facial expressions influences the performance on a cognitive control task in pediatric anxiety and depression. Methods: The sample included 68 participants between 8 and 16 years of age selected into three diagnostic groups: Anxiety Disorder (ANX, n = 23), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD, n = 19), and Low-Risk Normal Control (LRNC, n = 26). Participants completed an Emotional Go/NoGo task in which participants must either respond to (Go trials) or not respond to (NoGo trials) specific facial expressions (angry, fearful, sad, happy, neutral). In order to manipulate the level of cognitive control needed to perform the task, the probability of occurrence of the Go trials was varied across 3 probability conditions (low, moderate, high). Results: Analyses showed that the MDD group had significantly faster reaction times to sad face Go trials embedded in neutral face NoGo trials in the moderate probability condition and that the ANX group had significantly slower reaction times to neutral face Go trials embedded in angry face NoGo trials in the low probability condition. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that processing emotional facial expressions influences the performance on a cognitive control task in children and adolescents diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and major depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01640.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=800 [article] Processing emotional facial expressions influences performance on a Go/NoGo task in pediatric anxiety and depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cecile D. LADOUCEUR, Auteur ; Boris BIRMAHER, Auteur ; David A. AXELSON, Auteur ; Neal D. RYAN, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Douglas E. WILLIAMSON, Auteur ; B.J. CASEY, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1107–1115. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-11 (November 2006) . - p.1107–1115 Mots-clés : Children adolescents anxiety depression emotional-processing cognitive-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: This study investigated whether processing emotionally salient information such as emotional facial expressions influences the performance on a cognitive control task in pediatric anxiety and depression. Methods: The sample included 68 participants between 8 and 16 years of age selected into three diagnostic groups: Anxiety Disorder (ANX, n = 23), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD, n = 19), and Low-Risk Normal Control (LRNC, n = 26). Participants completed an Emotional Go/NoGo task in which participants must either respond to (Go trials) or not respond to (NoGo trials) specific facial expressions (angry, fearful, sad, happy, neutral). In order to manipulate the level of cognitive control needed to perform the task, the probability of occurrence of the Go trials was varied across 3 probability conditions (low, moderate, high). Results: Analyses showed that the MDD group had significantly faster reaction times to sad face Go trials embedded in neutral face NoGo trials in the moderate probability condition and that the ANX group had significantly slower reaction times to neutral face Go trials embedded in angry face NoGo trials in the low probability condition. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that processing emotional facial expressions influences the performance on a cognitive control task in children and adolescents diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and major depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01640.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=800

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