Alterations in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus in autism and associations with visual processing: a diffusion-weighted MRI study / Bart BOETS in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 10p. Titre : Alterations in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus in autism and associations with visual processing: a diffusion-weighted MRI study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Kevin SITEK, Auteur ; Pieter MOORS, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Stefan SUNAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 10p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Diffusion-weighted imaging  Inferior longitudinal fasciculus  Structural connectivity  Visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: One of the most reported neural features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the alteration of multiple long-range white matter fiber tracts, as assessed by diffusion-weighted imaging and indexed by reduced fractional anisotropy (FA). Recent methodological advances, however, have shown that this same pattern of reduced FA may be an artifact resulting from excessive head motion and poorer data quality and that aberrant structural connectivity in children with ASD is confined to the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). This study aimed at replicating the observation of reduced FA along the right ILF in ASD, while controlling for group differences in head motion and data quality. In addition, we explored associations between reduced FA in the right ILF and quantitative ASD characteristics, and the involvement of the right ILF in visual processing, which is known to be altered in ASD. Method: Global probabilistic tractography was performed on diffusion-weighted imaging data of 17 adolescent boys with ASD and 17 typically developing boys, matched for age, performance IQ, handedness, and data quality. Four tasks were administered to measure various aspects of visual information processing, together with questionnaires assessing ASD characteristics. Group differences were examined and the neural data were integrated with previously published findings using Bayesian statistics to quantify evidence for replication and to pool data and thus increase statistical power. (Partial) correlations were calculated to investigate associations between measures. Results: The ASD group showed consistently reduced FA only in the right ILF and slower performance on the visual search task. Bayesian statistics pooling data across studies confirmed that group differences in FA were confined to the right ILF only, with the evidence for altered FA in the left ILF being indecisive. Lower FA in the right ILF tended to covary with slower visual search and a more fragmented part-oriented processing style. Individual differences in FA of the right ILF were not reliably associated with the severity of ASD traits after controlling for clinical status. Conclusion: Our findings support the growing evidence for reduced FA along a specific fiber tract in ASD, the right ILF. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0188-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354 [article] Alterations in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus in autism and associations with visual processing: a diffusion-weighted MRI study [texte imprimé] / Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Kevin SITEK, Auteur ; Pieter MOORS, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Stefan SUNAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur . - 10p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 10p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Diffusion-weighted imaging  Inferior longitudinal fasciculus  Structural connectivity  Visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: One of the most reported neural features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the alteration of multiple long-range white matter fiber tracts, as assessed by diffusion-weighted imaging and indexed by reduced fractional anisotropy (FA). Recent methodological advances, however, have shown that this same pattern of reduced FA may be an artifact resulting from excessive head motion and poorer data quality and that aberrant structural connectivity in children with ASD is confined to the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). This study aimed at replicating the observation of reduced FA along the right ILF in ASD, while controlling for group differences in head motion and data quality. In addition, we explored associations between reduced FA in the right ILF and quantitative ASD characteristics, and the involvement of the right ILF in visual processing, which is known to be altered in ASD. Method: Global probabilistic tractography was performed on diffusion-weighted imaging data of 17 adolescent boys with ASD and 17 typically developing boys, matched for age, performance IQ, handedness, and data quality. Four tasks were administered to measure various aspects of visual information processing, together with questionnaires assessing ASD characteristics. Group differences were examined and the neural data were integrated with previously published findings using Bayesian statistics to quantify evidence for replication and to pool data and thus increase statistical power. (Partial) correlations were calculated to investigate associations between measures. Results: The ASD group showed consistently reduced FA only in the right ILF and slower performance on the visual search task. Bayesian statistics pooling data across studies confirmed that group differences in FA were confined to the right ILF only, with the evidence for altered FA in the left ILF being indecisive. Lower FA in the right ILF tended to covary with slower visual search and a more fragmented part-oriented processing style. Individual differences in FA of the right ILF were not reliably associated with the severity of ASD traits after controlling for clinical status. Conclusion: Our findings support the growing evidence for reduced FA along a specific fiber tract in ASD, the right ILF. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0188-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354

Altered category learning and reduced generalization in autistic adults / Jaana VAN OVERWALLE ; Stephanie VAN DER DONCK ; Birte GEUSENS ; Bart BOETS ; Johan WAGEMANS in Autism Research, 18-2 (February 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-2 (February 2025) . - p.295-311 Titre : Altered category learning and reduced generalization in autistic adults : Autism Research Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jaana VAN OVERWALLE, Auteur ; Stephanie VAN DER DONCK, Auteur ; Birte GEUSENS, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.295-311 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism categorization electroencephalography generalization intolerance to uncertainty perceptual learning predictive processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) are suggested to experience difficulties with categorization and generalization. However, empirical studies have mainly focused on one process at a time, and neglected underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we investigated categorization and generalization at a behavioral and neural level in 38 autistic and 38 neurotypical (NT) adults. By presenting shapes sampled from an artificial multidimensional stimulus space, we investigated (1) behavioral and neural underpinnings of category learning and (2) behavioral generalization of trained categorization to both an extended version of the stimulus space and a novel stimulus space. Our previous findings showed that individuals with autism were slower in category learning. In this study, we demonstrate that this slower learning in autism was not related to differences in applied categorization strategy. In contrast, electroencephalography recordings during training did reveal a reduced amplitude of the N1 component in the right occipital temporal cortex after stimulus presentation in autistic participants, which suggests atypical categorical proficiency. In addition, we observed delayed and higher activation in the frontal regions after receiving (negative) feedback in the autistic group, potentially suggesting more explicit feedback processing or a higher salience of prediction errors in autism. Finally, autistic and NT individuals were able to generalize their learned categorization after training. However, when generalizing to a novel set of shapes, autistic individuals were significantly less accurate. Reduced generalization significantly correlated with increased intolerance to uncertainty scores. This multi-level approach reveals behavioral and neural differences in learning and generalization that could be related to clinical symptoms in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3286 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=547 [article] Altered category learning and reduced generalization in autistic adults : Autism Research [texte imprimé] / Jaana VAN OVERWALLE, Auteur ; Stephanie VAN DER DONCK, Auteur ; Birte GEUSENS, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur . - p.295-311. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-2 (February 2025) . - p.295-311 Mots-clés : autism categorization electroencephalography generalization intolerance to uncertainty perceptual learning predictive processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) are suggested to experience difficulties with categorization and generalization. However, empirical studies have mainly focused on one process at a time, and neglected underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we investigated categorization and generalization at a behavioral and neural level in 38 autistic and 38 neurotypical (NT) adults. By presenting shapes sampled from an artificial multidimensional stimulus space, we investigated (1) behavioral and neural underpinnings of category learning and (2) behavioral generalization of trained categorization to both an extended version of the stimulus space and a novel stimulus space. Our previous findings showed that individuals with autism were slower in category learning. In this study, we demonstrate that this slower learning in autism was not related to differences in applied categorization strategy. In contrast, electroencephalography recordings during training did reveal a reduced amplitude of the N1 component in the right occipital temporal cortex after stimulus presentation in autistic participants, which suggests atypical categorical proficiency. In addition, we observed delayed and higher activation in the frontal regions after receiving (negative) feedback in the autistic group, potentially suggesting more explicit feedback processing or a higher salience of prediction errors in autism. Finally, autistic and NT individuals were able to generalize their learned categorization after training. However, when generalizing to a novel set of shapes, autistic individuals were significantly less accurate. Reduced generalization significantly correlated with increased intolerance to uncertainty scores. This multi-level approach reveals behavioral and neural differences in learning and generalization that could be related to clinical symptoms in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3286 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=547

Brief Report: Reduced Grouping Interference in Children with ASD: Evidence from a Multiple Object Tracking Task / Kris EVERS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1779-1787 Titre : Brief Report: Reduced Grouping Interference in Children with ASD: Evidence from a Multiple Object Tracking Task Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kris EVERS, Auteur ; Lee DE-WIT, Auteur ; Ruth VAN DER HALLEN, Auteur ; Birgitt HAESEN, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1779-1787 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Global interference  Grouping  Multiple object tracking  Weak central coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was inspired by the more locally oriented processing style in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A modified multiple object tracking (MOT) task was administered to a group of children with and without ASD. Participants not only had to distinguish moving targets from distracters, but they also had to track targets when they were visually grouped to distracters, a manipulation which has a detrimental effect on tracking performance in adults. MOT performance in the ASD group was also affected by grouping, but this effect was significantly reduced. This result highlights how the reduced bias towards more global processing in ASD could influence further stages of cognition by altering the way in which attention selects information for further processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2031-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236 [article] Brief Report: Reduced Grouping Interference in Children with ASD: Evidence from a Multiple Object Tracking Task [texte imprimé] / Kris EVERS, Auteur ; Lee DE-WIT, Auteur ; Ruth VAN DER HALLEN, Auteur ; Birgitt HAESEN, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur . - p.1779-1787. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1779-1787 Mots-clés : Attention  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Global interference  Grouping  Multiple object tracking  Weak central coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was inspired by the more locally oriented processing style in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A modified multiple object tracking (MOT) task was administered to a group of children with and without ASD. Participants not only had to distinguish moving targets from distracters, but they also had to track targets when they were visually grouped to distracters, a manipulation which has a detrimental effect on tracking performance in adults. MOT performance in the ASD group was also affected by grouping, but this effect was significantly reduced. This result highlights how the reduced bias towards more global processing in ASD could influence further stages of cognition by altering the way in which attention selects information for further processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2031-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236

Change detection of meaningful objects in real-world scenes in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder / Steven VANMARCKE in Autism, 22-6 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-6 (August 2018) . - p.728-739 Titre : Change detection of meaningful objects in real-world scenes in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Steven VANMARCKE, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.728-739 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  change blindness  local-global processing  vision research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research suggested that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are better than typically developing children in detecting local, non-social details within complex visual scenes. To better understand these differences, we used the image database by Sareen et al., containing the size and on-screen location information of all changes in the images, in a change blindness paradigm. In this task, an original and a modified real-world scene, separated by a gray blank, alternate repeatedly until observers detect the change. Our results indicated that participants with and without autism spectrum disorder performed similarly when scenes were presented upright, but that only the performance of the typically developing adolescents became worse in the inverted scene condition. In this condition, the correlation between performance and both image difficulty and change predictability was significantly weaker in autism spectrum disorder than in typically developing participants. We suggest that these findings result from a more locally biased search strategy in people with autism spectrum disorder, compared to typically developing participants, in tasks in which the rapid processing of global information does not help to improve change detection performance. Finally, although we found change location, change size, and age to influence participant performance, none of these was directly linked to the observed group-level differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317702559 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366 [article] Change detection of meaningful objects in real-world scenes in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Steven VANMARCKE, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur . - p.728-739. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-6 (August 2018) . - p.728-739 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  change blindness  local-global processing  vision research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research suggested that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are better than typically developing children in detecting local, non-social details within complex visual scenes. To better understand these differences, we used the image database by Sareen et al., containing the size and on-screen location information of all changes in the images, in a change blindness paradigm. In this task, an original and a modified real-world scene, separated by a gray blank, alternate repeatedly until observers detect the change. Our results indicated that participants with and without autism spectrum disorder performed similarly when scenes were presented upright, but that only the performance of the typically developing adolescents became worse in the inverted scene condition. In this condition, the correlation between performance and both image difficulty and change predictability was significantly weaker in autism spectrum disorder than in typically developing participants. We suggest that these findings result from a more locally biased search strategy in people with autism spectrum disorder, compared to typically developing participants, in tasks in which the rapid processing of global information does not help to improve change detection performance. Finally, although we found change location, change size, and age to influence participant performance, none of these was directly linked to the observed group-level differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317702559 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366

Children with autism spectrum disorder spontaneously use scene knowledge to modulate visual object processing / Lien VAN EYLEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-7 (July 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-7 (July 2013) . - p.913-922 Titre : Children with autism spectrum disorder spontaneously use scene knowledge to modulate visual object processing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Peter DE GRAEF, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.913-922 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Weak central coherence  Context effects  Scene perception  Eye-movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Several studies have investigated contextual influences on visual object processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and failed to find reduced context effects. However, these studies did not properly account for local inter-object effects and/or the influence of post-perceptual processes, leaving it unclear whether individuals with ASD display equally large global top-down effects of context, or whether they rely on a more local mechanism producing the same result. In this study, an eye-movement paradigm was used to investigate implicitly induced context effects on visual object processing in children with ASD compared to matched controls. To find out whether the context effects in the ASD group were, to the same extent, due to early top-down influences on object recognition, we also examined the interaction between context effects and the ease of object recognition. Both groups displayed equally large context effects and congruent contextual information facilitated object recognition to the same extent in both groups. This indicates that the context effects in the ASD group did not result from the operation of a more local, less top-down mechanism. These findings contradict predictions based on the weak central coherence account. However, a good alternative to explain all inconsistencies is currently lacking. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.04.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Children with autism spectrum disorder spontaneously use scene knowledge to modulate visual object processing [texte imprimé] / Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Peter DE GRAEF, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur . - p.913-922. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-7 (July 2013) . - p.913-922 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Weak central coherence  Context effects  Scene perception  Eye-movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Several studies have investigated contextual influences on visual object processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and failed to find reduced context effects. However, these studies did not properly account for local inter-object effects and/or the influence of post-perceptual processes, leaving it unclear whether individuals with ASD display equally large global top-down effects of context, or whether they rely on a more local mechanism producing the same result. In this study, an eye-movement paradigm was used to investigate implicitly induced context effects on visual object processing in children with ASD compared to matched controls. To find out whether the context effects in the ASD group were, to the same extent, due to early top-down influences on object recognition, we also examined the interaction between context effects and the ease of object recognition. Both groups displayed equally large context effects and congruent contextual information facilitated object recognition to the same extent in both groups. This indicates that the context effects in the ASD group did not result from the operation of a more local, less top-down mechanism. These findings contradict predictions based on the weak central coherence account. However, a good alternative to explain all inconsistencies is currently lacking. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.04.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies? / Lien VAN EYLEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-4 (October-December 2011)  

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Combining strengths and weaknesses in visual perception of children with an autism spectrum disorder: Perceptual matching of facial expressions / Kris EVERS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-4 (October-December 2011)  

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Corrigendum to “Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies?” [Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 5 (2011) 1390–1401] / Lien VAN EYLEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 23 (March 2016)  

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Discrimination sensitivity of visual shapes sharpens in autistic adults but only after explicit category learning / Jaana VAN OVERWALLE in Molecular Autism, 15 (2024)  

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Disturbed Interplay Between Mid- and High-Level Vision in ASD? Evidence from a Contour Identification Task with Everyday Objects / Kris EVERS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-4 (April 2014)  

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Ensemble perception in autism spectrum disorder: Member-identification versus mean-discrimination / Ruth VAN DER HALLEN in Autism Research, 10-7 (July 2017)  

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Executive functioning and local-global visual processing: candidate endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder? / Lien VAN EYLEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-3 (March 2017)  

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Gist perception in adolescents with and without ASD: Ultra-rapid categorization of meaningful real-life scenes / Steven VANMARCKE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 29-30 (September–October 2016)  

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Global Motion Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis / Ruth VAN DER HALLEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-12 (December 2019)  

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Hierarchical Letters in ASD: High Stimulus Variability Under Different Attentional Modes / Ruth VAN DER HALLEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-6 (June 2017)  

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