Brief Report: Are ADHD Traits Dissociable from the Autistic Profile? Links Between Cognition and Behaviour / Catherine S. AMES in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-3 (March 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-3 (March 2011) . - p.357-363 Titre : Brief Report: Are ADHD Traits Dissociable from the Autistic Profile? Links Between Cognition and Behaviour Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Catherine S. AMES, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.357-363 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  Social cognition  Executive function  Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reports of co-morbid symptoms of ADHD in children with ASD have increased. This research sought to identify ADHD-related behaviours in a sample of children with ASD, and their relationship with the ASD triad of impairments and related cognitive impairments. Children with ASD (n = 55) completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment whilst a semi-structured parental interview (3Di) provided information on ASD and ADHD symptoms. Co-morbid presentation of ADHD traits in these participants was associated with reports of more ASD related behaviours. Inhibitory control performance was directly related only to the ADHD symptom of impulsive behaviour. In contrast, while there was a relationship between social difficulties associated with ASD and theory of mind ability, there was no such relationship with behaviours relating to ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1049-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118 [article] Brief Report: Are ADHD Traits Dissociable from the Autistic Profile? Links Between Cognition and Behaviour [texte imprimé] / Catherine S. AMES, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.357-363. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-3 (March 2011) . - p.357-363 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  Social cognition  Executive function  Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reports of co-morbid symptoms of ADHD in children with ASD have increased. This research sought to identify ADHD-related behaviours in a sample of children with ASD, and their relationship with the ASD triad of impairments and related cognitive impairments. Children with ASD (n = 55) completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment whilst a semi-structured parental interview (3Di) provided information on ASD and ADHD symptoms. Co-morbid presentation of ADHD traits in these participants was associated with reports of more ASD related behaviours. Inhibitory control performance was directly related only to the ADHD symptom of impulsive behaviour. In contrast, while there was a relationship between social difficulties associated with ASD and theory of mind ability, there was no such relationship with behaviours relating to ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1049-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118

Developing the Frith-Happé animations: A quick and objective test of Theory of Mind for adults with autism / Sarah J. WHITE in Autism Research, 4-2 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-2 (April 2011) . - p.149-154 Titre : Developing the Frith-Happé animations: A quick and objective test of Theory of Mind for adults with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; Devorah CONISTON, Auteur ; Rosannagh ROGERS, Auteur ; Uta FRITH, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.149-154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Theory of Mind  mentalizing  triangle animations  classification  test sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is now widely accepted that individuals with autism have a Theory of Mind (ToM) or mentalizing deficit. This has traditionally been assessed with false-belief tasks and, more recently, with silent geometric animations, an on-line ToM task. In adults with milder forms of autism standard false-belief tests, originally devised for children, often prove insensitive, while the Frith-Happé animations have had rather better success at capturing the on-line ToM deficit in this population. However, analysis of participants' verbal descriptions of these animations, which span scenarios from “Random” to “Goal-Directed” and “ToM,” is time consuming and subjective. In this study, we developed and established the feasibility of an objective method of response through a series of multiple-choice questions. Sixteen adults with autism and 15 typically developing adults took part, matched for age and intelligence. The adults with autism were less accurate as a group at categorizing the Frith-Happé animations by the presence or absence of mental and physical interactions. Furthermore, they were less able to select the correct emotions that are typically attributed to the triangles in the mental state animations. This new objective method for assessing the understanding of the animations succeeded in being as sensitive as the original subjective method in detecting the mentalizing difficulties in autism, as well as being quicker and easier to administer and analyze. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.174 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] Developing the Frith-Happé animations: A quick and objective test of Theory of Mind for adults with autism [texte imprimé] / Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; Devorah CONISTON, Auteur ; Rosannagh ROGERS, Auteur ; Uta FRITH, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.149-154. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-2 (April 2011) . - p.149-154 Mots-clés : autism  Theory of Mind  mentalizing  triangle animations  classification  test sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is now widely accepted that individuals with autism have a Theory of Mind (ToM) or mentalizing deficit. This has traditionally been assessed with false-belief tasks and, more recently, with silent geometric animations, an on-line ToM task. In adults with milder forms of autism standard false-belief tests, originally devised for children, often prove insensitive, while the Frith-Happé animations have had rather better success at capturing the on-line ToM deficit in this population. However, analysis of participants' verbal descriptions of these animations, which span scenarios from “Random” to “Goal-Directed” and “ToM,” is time consuming and subjective. In this study, we developed and established the feasibility of an objective method of response through a series of multiple-choice questions. Sixteen adults with autism and 15 typically developing adults took part, matched for age and intelligence. The adults with autism were less accurate as a group at categorizing the Frith-Happé animations by the presence or absence of mental and physical interactions. Furthermore, they were less able to select the correct emotions that are typically attributed to the triangles in the mental state animations. This new objective method for assessing the understanding of the animations succeeded in being as sensitive as the original subjective method in detecting the mentalizing difficulties in autism, as well as being quicker and easier to administer and analyze. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.174 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

Does Faux Pas Detection in Adult Autism Reflect Differences in Social Cognition or Decision-Making Abilities? / Flora I. THIÉBAUT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.103-112 Titre : Does Faux Pas Detection in Adult Autism Reflect Differences in Social Cognition or Decision-Making Abilities? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Flora I. THIÉBAUT, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; Annabel WALSH, Auteur ; Solja K. KLARGAARD, Auteur ; Hsuan-Chen WU, Auteur ; Geraint REES, Auteur ; Paul W. BURGESS, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.103-112 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Faux pas  Social cognition  Decision making  Open-ended  Compensatory strategy  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : 43 typically-developed adults and 35 adults with ASD performed a cartoon faux pas test. Adults with ASD apparently over-detected faux pas despite good comprehension abilities, and were generally slower at responding. Signal detection analysis demonstrated that the ASD participants had significantly greater difficulty detecting whether a cartoon depicted a faux pas and showed a liberal response bias. Test item analysis demonstrated that the ASD group were not in agreement with a reference control group (n = 69) about which non-faux pas items were most difficult. These results suggest that the participants with ASD had a primary problem with faux pas detection, but that there is another factor at work, possibly compensatory, that relates to their choice of a liberal response criterion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2551-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 [article] Does Faux Pas Detection in Adult Autism Reflect Differences in Social Cognition or Decision-Making Abilities? [texte imprimé] / Flora I. THIÉBAUT, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; Annabel WALSH, Auteur ; Solja K. KLARGAARD, Auteur ; Hsuan-Chen WU, Auteur ; Geraint REES, Auteur ; Paul W. BURGESS, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.103-112. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.103-112 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Faux pas  Social cognition  Decision making  Open-ended  Compensatory strategy  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : 43 typically-developed adults and 35 adults with ASD performed a cartoon faux pas test. Adults with ASD apparently over-detected faux pas despite good comprehension abilities, and were generally slower at responding. Signal detection analysis demonstrated that the ASD participants had significantly greater difficulty detecting whether a cartoon depicted a faux pas and showed a liberal response bias. Test item analysis demonstrated that the ASD group were not in agreement with a reference control group (n = 69) about which non-faux pas items were most difficult. These results suggest that the participants with ASD had a primary problem with faux pas detection, but that there is another factor at work, possibly compensatory, that relates to their choice of a liberal response criterion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2551-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278

Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level / Cathriona CANTIO in Autism Research, 9-12 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1328-1339 Titre : Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Gitte FALCHER MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1328-1339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  cognition  theory of mind  executive function  local bias  fractionation  symptomatology  Behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum is characterized by genetic and behavioral heterogeneity. However, it is still unknown whether there is a universal pattern of cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and whether multiple cognitive impairments are needed to explain the full range of behavioral symptoms. This study aimed to determine whether three widely acknowledged cognitive abnormalities (Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment, Executive Function (EF) impairment, and the presence of a Local Processing Bias (LB)) are universal and fractionable in autism, and whether the relationship between cognition and behavior is dependent on the method of behavioral assessment. Thirty-one high-functioning children with ASD and thirty-seven children with neurotypical development (NTD), comparable in age, gender and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), completed several tasks tapping into ToM, EF, and LB, and autistic symptomatology was assessed through parental and teacher questionnaires, parental interview and direct observation. We found that ToM and EF deficits differentiated the groups and some ToM and EF tasks were related to each other. ToM and EF were together able to correctly classify more than three-quarters of the children into cases and controls, despite relating to none of the specific behavioral measures. Only a small subgroup of individuals displayed a LB, which was unrelated to ToM and EF, and did not aid diagnostic classification, most likely contributing to non-diagnostic symptoms in a subgroup. Despite the characteristic heterogeneity of the autism spectrum, it remains a possibility therefore that a single cognitive cause may underlie the range of diagnostic symptoms in all individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level [texte imprimé] / Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Gitte FALCHER MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur . - p.1328-1339. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1328-1339 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  cognition  theory of mind  executive function  local bias  fractionation  symptomatology  Behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum is characterized by genetic and behavioral heterogeneity. However, it is still unknown whether there is a universal pattern of cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and whether multiple cognitive impairments are needed to explain the full range of behavioral symptoms. This study aimed to determine whether three widely acknowledged cognitive abnormalities (Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment, Executive Function (EF) impairment, and the presence of a Local Processing Bias (LB)) are universal and fractionable in autism, and whether the relationship between cognition and behavior is dependent on the method of behavioral assessment. Thirty-one high-functioning children with ASD and thirty-seven children with neurotypical development (NTD), comparable in age, gender and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), completed several tasks tapping into ToM, EF, and LB, and autistic symptomatology was assessed through parental and teacher questionnaires, parental interview and direct observation. We found that ToM and EF deficits differentiated the groups and some ToM and EF tasks were related to each other. ToM and EF were together able to correctly classify more than three-quarters of the children into cases and controls, despite relating to none of the specific behavioral measures. Only a small subgroup of individuals displayed a LB, which was unrelated to ToM and EF, and did not aid diagnostic classification, most likely contributing to non-diagnostic symptoms in a subgroup. Despite the characteristic heterogeneity of the autism spectrum, it remains a possibility therefore that a single cognitive cause may underlie the range of diagnostic symptoms in all individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Further developing the Frith-Happé animations: A quicker, more objective, and web-based test of theory of mind for autistic and neurotypical adults / Lucy A. LIVINGSTON in Autism Research, 14-9 (September 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1905-1912 Titre : Further developing the Frith-Happé animations: A quicker, more objective, and web-based test of theory of mind for autistic and neurotypical adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1905-1912 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Intelligence Tests  Internet  Theory of Mind  Frith-Happé animations  mentalising  triangles test  web-based research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Frith-Happé Animations Test, depicting interactions between triangles, is widely used to measure theory of mind (ToM) ability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This test began with recording, transcribing, and subjectively scoring participants' verbal descriptions, which consistently found ToM-specific difficulties in ASD. More recently in 2011, White et al. created a more objective version of this ToM test using multiple-choice questions. However, there has been surprisingly little uptake of this test, hence it is currently unclear if White et al.'s findings replicate. Further, the lack of an online version of the test may be hampering its use in large-scale studies and outside of research settings. Addressing these issues, we report the development of a web-based version of the Frith-Happé Animations Test for autistic and neurotypical adults. An online version of the test was developed in a large general population sample (study 1; N = 285) and online data were compared with those collected in a lab-based setting (study 2; N = 339). The new online test was then administered to adults with a clinical diagnosis of ASD and matched neurotypical controls (study 3; N = 231). Results demonstrated that the test could successfully be administered online to autistic adults, who showed ToM difficulties compared to neurotypical adults, replicating White et al.'s findings. Overall, we have developed a quicker, more objective, and web-based version of the Frith-Happé Animations Test that will be useful for social cognition research within and beyond the field of autism, with potential utility for clinical settings. LAY SUMMARY: Many autistic people find it hard to understand what other people are thinking. There are many tests for this 'mentalising' ability, but they often take a long time to complete and cannot be used outside of research settings. In 2011, scientists used short silent animations of moving shapes to create a fast way to measure mentalising ability. We developed this into an online test to use in research and clinics to measure mentalising ability in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2575 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Further developing the Frith-Happé animations: A quicker, more objective, and web-based test of theory of mind for autistic and neurotypical adults [texte imprimé] / Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.1905-1912. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1905-1912 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Intelligence Tests  Internet  Theory of Mind  Frith-Happé animations  mentalising  triangles test  web-based research Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Frith-Happé Animations Test, depicting interactions between triangles, is widely used to measure theory of mind (ToM) ability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This test began with recording, transcribing, and subjectively scoring participants' verbal descriptions, which consistently found ToM-specific difficulties in ASD. More recently in 2011, White et al. created a more objective version of this ToM test using multiple-choice questions. However, there has been surprisingly little uptake of this test, hence it is currently unclear if White et al.'s findings replicate. Further, the lack of an online version of the test may be hampering its use in large-scale studies and outside of research settings. Addressing these issues, we report the development of a web-based version of the Frith-Happé Animations Test for autistic and neurotypical adults. An online version of the test was developed in a large general population sample (study 1; N = 285) and online data were compared with those collected in a lab-based setting (study 2; N = 339). The new online test was then administered to adults with a clinical diagnosis of ASD and matched neurotypical controls (study 3; N = 231). Results demonstrated that the test could successfully be administered online to autistic adults, who showed ToM difficulties compared to neurotypical adults, replicating White et al.'s findings. Overall, we have developed a quicker, more objective, and web-based version of the Frith-Happé Animations Test that will be useful for social cognition research within and beyond the field of autism, with potential utility for clinical settings. LAY SUMMARY: Many autistic people find it hard to understand what other people are thinking. There are many tests for this 'mentalising' ability, but they often take a long time to complete and cannot be used outside of research settings. In 2011, scientists used short silent animations of moving shapes to create a fast way to measure mentalising ability. We developed this into an online test to use in research and clinics to measure mentalising ability in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2575 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Impaired Comprehension of Alternating Syntactic Constructions in Autism / Melissa D. STOCKBRIDGE in Autism Research, 7-3 (June 2014)  

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Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task / Sarah J. WHITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-11 (November 2011)  

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The Triple I Hypothesis: Taking Another('s) Perspective on Executive Dysfunction in Autism / Sarah J. WHITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-1 (January 2013)  

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