Attention and motor deficits index non-specific background liabilities that predict autism recurrence in siblings / S. E. MOUS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 9-1 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.32 Titre : Attention and motor deficits index non-specific background liabilities that predict autism recurrence in siblings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. E. MOUS, Auteur ; A. JIANG, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.32 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  Autism  Family studies  Motor coordination  Sibling recurrence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research has demonstrated that subclinical autistic traits of parents amplify the effects of deleterious mutations in the causation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their offspring. Here, we examined the extent to which two neurodevelopmental traits that are non-specific to ASD-inattention/hyperactivity and motor coordination-might contribute to ASD recurrence in siblings of ASD probands. METHODS: Data from a quantitative trait study of 114 ASD probands and their brothers, 26% of whom also had ASD, were analyzed. Autistic trait severity was ascertained using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2, attention/hyperactivity problems using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, and motor coordination (in a subset of participants) using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. RESULTS: Among siblings (affected and unaffected), both categorical recurrence of ASD (Nagelkerke R (2) = 0.53) and quantitative ASD trait burden (R (2) = 0.55) were predicted by sibling ADHD and motor coordination impairment scores, even though these traits, on average, were not elevated among the unaffected siblings. CONCLUSIONS: These findings in a clinical family cohort confirm observations from general population studies that inattention/hyperactivity and motor impairment-axes of behavioral development that are non-specific to ASD, and often appreciable before ASD is typically diagnosed-jointly account for over 50% of the variation in autistic impairment of siblings, whether ascertained quantitatively or categorically. This finding within a sibling design suggests that background ASD susceptibilities that are inherited but non-specific ("BASINS") may contribute to additive genetic liability in the same manner that ASD-specific susceptibilities (such as parental subclinical ASD traits and deleterious mutations) engender ASD risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9212-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=350 [article] Attention and motor deficits index non-specific background liabilities that predict autism recurrence in siblings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. E. MOUS, Auteur ; A. JIANG, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur . - p.32. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.32 Mots-clés : Adhd  Autism  Family studies  Motor coordination  Sibling recurrence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research has demonstrated that subclinical autistic traits of parents amplify the effects of deleterious mutations in the causation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their offspring. Here, we examined the extent to which two neurodevelopmental traits that are non-specific to ASD-inattention/hyperactivity and motor coordination-might contribute to ASD recurrence in siblings of ASD probands. METHODS: Data from a quantitative trait study of 114 ASD probands and their brothers, 26% of whom also had ASD, were analyzed. Autistic trait severity was ascertained using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2, attention/hyperactivity problems using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, and motor coordination (in a subset of participants) using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. RESULTS: Among siblings (affected and unaffected), both categorical recurrence of ASD (Nagelkerke R (2) = 0.53) and quantitative ASD trait burden (R (2) = 0.55) were predicted by sibling ADHD and motor coordination impairment scores, even though these traits, on average, were not elevated among the unaffected siblings. CONCLUSIONS: These findings in a clinical family cohort confirm observations from general population studies that inattention/hyperactivity and motor impairment-axes of behavioral development that are non-specific to ASD, and often appreciable before ASD is typically diagnosed-jointly account for over 50% of the variation in autistic impairment of siblings, whether ascertained quantitatively or categorically. This finding within a sibling design suggests that background ASD susceptibilities that are inherited but non-specific ("BASINS") may contribute to additive genetic liability in the same manner that ASD-specific susceptibilities (such as parental subclinical ASD traits and deleterious mutations) engender ASD risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9212-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=350

Genetic architecture of reciprocal social behavior in toddlers: Implications for heterogeneity in the early origins of autism spectrum disorder / Natasha MARRUS in Development and Psychopathology, 32-4 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 32-4 (October 2020) . - p.1190-1205 Titre : Genetic architecture of reciprocal social behavior in toddlers: Implications for heterogeneity in the early origins of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natasha MARRUS, Auteur ; Julia D. GRANT, Auteur ; Brooke HARRIS-OLENAK, Auteur ; Jordan ALBRIGHT, Auteur ; Drew BOLSTER, Auteur ; Jon Randolph HABER, Auteur ; Theodore JACOB, Auteur ; Yi ZHANG, Auteur ; Andrew C. HEATH, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur ; Anne L. GLOWINSKI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1190-1205 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : quantitative autistic traits  reciprocal social behavior  toddlers  twins  vrRSB Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairment in reciprocal social behavior (RSB), an essential component of early social competence, clinically defines autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the behavioral and genetic architecture of RSB in toddlerhood, when ASD first emerges, has not been fully characterized. We analyzed data from a quantitative video-referenced rating of RSB (vrRSB) in two toddler samples: a community-based volunteer research registry (n = 1,563) and an ethnically diverse, longitudinal twin sample ascertained from two state birth registries (n = 714). Variation in RSB was continuously distributed, temporally stable, significantly associated with ASD risk at age 18 months, and only modestly explained by sociodemographic and medical factors (r2 = 9.4%). Five latent RSB factors were identified and corresponded to aspects of social communication or restricted repetitive behaviors, the two core ASD symptom domains. Quantitative genetic analyses indicated substantial heritability for all factors at age 24 months (h2 ? .61). Genetic influences strongly overlapped across all factors, with a social motivation factor showing evidence of newly-emerging genetic influences between the ages of 18 and 24 months. RSB constitutes a heritable, trait-like competency whose factorial and genetic structure is generalized across diverse populations, demonstrating its role as an early, enduring dimension of inherited variation in human social behavior. Substantially overlapping RSB domains, measurable when core ASD features arise and consolidate, may serve as markers of specific pathways to autism and anchors to inform determinants of autism's heterogeneity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000723 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Genetic architecture of reciprocal social behavior in toddlers: Implications for heterogeneity in the early origins of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natasha MARRUS, Auteur ; Julia D. GRANT, Auteur ; Brooke HARRIS-OLENAK, Auteur ; Jordan ALBRIGHT, Auteur ; Drew BOLSTER, Auteur ; Jon Randolph HABER, Auteur ; Theodore JACOB, Auteur ; Yi ZHANG, Auteur ; Andrew C. HEATH, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur ; Anne L. GLOWINSKI, Auteur . - p.1190-1205. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 32-4 (October 2020) . - p.1190-1205 Mots-clés : quantitative autistic traits  reciprocal social behavior  toddlers  twins  vrRSB Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairment in reciprocal social behavior (RSB), an essential component of early social competence, clinically defines autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the behavioral and genetic architecture of RSB in toddlerhood, when ASD first emerges, has not been fully characterized. We analyzed data from a quantitative video-referenced rating of RSB (vrRSB) in two toddler samples: a community-based volunteer research registry (n = 1,563) and an ethnically diverse, longitudinal twin sample ascertained from two state birth registries (n = 714). Variation in RSB was continuously distributed, temporally stable, significantly associated with ASD risk at age 18 months, and only modestly explained by sociodemographic and medical factors (r2 = 9.4%). Five latent RSB factors were identified and corresponded to aspects of social communication or restricted repetitive behaviors, the two core ASD symptom domains. Quantitative genetic analyses indicated substantial heritability for all factors at age 24 months (h2 ? .61). Genetic influences strongly overlapped across all factors, with a social motivation factor showing evidence of newly-emerging genetic influences between the ages of 18 and 24 months. RSB constitutes a heritable, trait-like competency whose factorial and genetic structure is generalized across diverse populations, demonstrating its role as an early, enduring dimension of inherited variation in human social behavior. Substantially overlapping RSB domains, measurable when core ASD features arise and consolidate, may serve as markers of specific pathways to autism and anchors to inform determinants of autism's heterogeneity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000723 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Rapid video-referenced ratings of reciprocal social behavior in toddlers: a twin study / Natasha MARRUS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-12 (December 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-12 (December 2015) . - p.1338-1346 Titre : Rapid video-referenced ratings of reciprocal social behavior in toddlers: a twin study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natasha MARRUS, Auteur ; Anne L. GLOWINSKI, Auteur ; Theodore JACOB, Auteur ; Ami KLIN, Auteur ; Warren JONES, Auteur ; Caroline E. DRAIN, Auteur ; Kieran E. HOLZHAUER, Auteur ; Vaishnavi HARIPRASAD, Auteur ; Robert T. FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Erika L. MORTENSON, Auteur ; Sayli M. SANT, Auteur ; Lyndsey COLE, Auteur ; Satchel A. SIEGEL, Auteur ; Yi ZHANG, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Andrew C. HEATH, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1338-1346 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  reciprocal social behavior  video  twins  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Reciprocal social behavior (RSB) is a developmental prerequisite for social competency, and deficits in RSB constitute a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although clinical screeners categorically ascertain risk of ASD in early childhood, rapid methods for quantitative measurement of RSB in toddlers are not yet established. Such measurements are critical for tracking developmental trajectories and incremental responses to intervention. Methods We developed and validated a 20-min video-referenced rating scale, the video-referenced rating of reciprocal social behavior (vrRSB), for untrained caregivers to provide standardized ratings of quantitative variation in RSB. Parents of 252 toddler twins [Monozygotic (MZ) = 31 pairs, Dizygotic (DZ) = 95 pairs] ascertained through birth records, rated their twins’ RSB at two time points, on average 6 months apart, and completed two developmental measures, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory Short Form (MCDI-s). Results Scores on the vrRSB were fully continuously distributed, with excellent 6-month test–retest reliability ([intraclass correlation coefficient] ICC = 0.704, p < .000). MZ twins displayed markedly greater trait concordance than DZ twins, (MZ ICC = 0.863, p < .000, DZ ICC = 0.231, p < .012). VrRSB score distributions were highly distinct for children passing versus failing the M-CHAT (t = ?8.588, df = 31, p < .000), incrementally improved from 18–24 months, and were inversely correlated with receptive and expressive vocabulary on the MCDI-s. Conclusions Like quantitative autistic trait ratings in school-aged children and adults, toddler scores on the vrRSB are continuously distributed and appear highly heritable. These ratings exhibited minimal measurement error, high inter-individual stability, and developmental progression in RSB as children matured from 18–24 months, supporting their potential utility for serially quantifying the severity of early autistic syndromes over time and in response to intervention. In addition, these findings inform the genetic-environmental structure of RSB in early typical development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12391 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273 [article] Rapid video-referenced ratings of reciprocal social behavior in toddlers: a twin study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natasha MARRUS, Auteur ; Anne L. GLOWINSKI, Auteur ; Theodore JACOB, Auteur ; Ami KLIN, Auteur ; Warren JONES, Auteur ; Caroline E. DRAIN, Auteur ; Kieran E. HOLZHAUER, Auteur ; Vaishnavi HARIPRASAD, Auteur ; Robert T. FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Erika L. MORTENSON, Auteur ; Sayli M. SANT, Auteur ; Lyndsey COLE, Auteur ; Satchel A. SIEGEL, Auteur ; Yi ZHANG, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Andrew C. HEATH, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur . - p.1338-1346. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-12 (December 2015) . - p.1338-1346 Mots-clés : Autism  reciprocal social behavior  video  twins  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Reciprocal social behavior (RSB) is a developmental prerequisite for social competency, and deficits in RSB constitute a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although clinical screeners categorically ascertain risk of ASD in early childhood, rapid methods for quantitative measurement of RSB in toddlers are not yet established. Such measurements are critical for tracking developmental trajectories and incremental responses to intervention. Methods We developed and validated a 20-min video-referenced rating scale, the video-referenced rating of reciprocal social behavior (vrRSB), for untrained caregivers to provide standardized ratings of quantitative variation in RSB. Parents of 252 toddler twins [Monozygotic (MZ) = 31 pairs, Dizygotic (DZ) = 95 pairs] ascertained through birth records, rated their twins’ RSB at two time points, on average 6 months apart, and completed two developmental measures, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory Short Form (MCDI-s). Results Scores on the vrRSB were fully continuously distributed, with excellent 6-month test–retest reliability ([intraclass correlation coefficient] ICC = 0.704, p < .000). MZ twins displayed markedly greater trait concordance than DZ twins, (MZ ICC = 0.863, p < .000, DZ ICC = 0.231, p < .012). VrRSB score distributions were highly distinct for children passing versus failing the M-CHAT (t = ?8.588, df = 31, p < .000), incrementally improved from 18–24 months, and were inversely correlated with receptive and expressive vocabulary on the MCDI-s. Conclusions Like quantitative autistic trait ratings in school-aged children and adults, toddler scores on the vrRSB are continuously distributed and appear highly heritable. These ratings exhibited minimal measurement error, high inter-individual stability, and developmental progression in RSB as children matured from 18–24 months, supporting their potential utility for serially quantifying the severity of early autistic syndromes over time and in response to intervention. In addition, these findings inform the genetic-environmental structure of RSB in early typical development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12391 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273

Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension / Ryan BOGDAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.448-457 Titre : Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ryan BOGDAN, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Michael S. GAFFREY, Auteur ; Rebecca TILLMAN, Auteur ; Joan L. LUBY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.448-457 Mots-clés : Depression  stress  5-HTTLPR  serotonin  gene*  interaction  plasticity  childhood  development  gene × environment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Scientific enthusiasm about gene × environment interactions, spurred by the 5-HTTLPR (serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region) × SLEs (stressful life events) interaction predicting depression, have recently been tempered by sober realizations of small effects and meta-analyses reaching opposing conclusions. These mixed findings highlight the need for further research. Converging evidence suggests that the effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype may be neurodevelopmental in origin, but we are not aware of empirical studies that have investigated whether the 5-HTTLPR genotype × SLE interaction predicts preschool-onset depression (PO-MDD), the earliest validated form of depression. Methods Children (n = 234) aged 3–5 were recruited for a longitudinal study designed to examine PO-MDD. In a comprehensive baseline assessment, the child's primary caregivers completed questionnaires and were interviewed about their child's behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, and exposure to SLEs. Results A 5-HTTLPR × SLEs interaction emerged, such that children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to depression in the context of elevated SLE than long allele carriers. In contrast, at low SLE exposure, short allele homozygotes had fewer depressive symptoms. The data were best fit by a plasticity model with a substantial reduction in fit by diathesis-stress models. Conclusions Extending studies in adult and adolescent populations, these data suggest that 5-HTTLPR genotype may provide plasticity to environmental influence, for better or worse. Specifically, children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to the depressogenic effects of SLEs but benefitted, in the form of reduced depressive symptoms, in the context of relatively benign environmental conditions (i.e. relatively low SLE exposure). These data highlight the importance of examining gene × environment interactions across development, environment, and outcome but should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12142 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231 [article] Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ryan BOGDAN, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Michael S. GAFFREY, Auteur ; Rebecca TILLMAN, Auteur ; Joan L. LUBY, Auteur . - p.448-457. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-5 (May 2014) . - p.448-457 Mots-clés : Depression  stress  5-HTTLPR  serotonin  gene*  interaction  plasticity  childhood  development  gene × environment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Scientific enthusiasm about gene × environment interactions, spurred by the 5-HTTLPR (serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region) × SLEs (stressful life events) interaction predicting depression, have recently been tempered by sober realizations of small effects and meta-analyses reaching opposing conclusions. These mixed findings highlight the need for further research. Converging evidence suggests that the effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype may be neurodevelopmental in origin, but we are not aware of empirical studies that have investigated whether the 5-HTTLPR genotype × SLE interaction predicts preschool-onset depression (PO-MDD), the earliest validated form of depression. Methods Children (n = 234) aged 3–5 were recruited for a longitudinal study designed to examine PO-MDD. In a comprehensive baseline assessment, the child's primary caregivers completed questionnaires and were interviewed about their child's behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, and exposure to SLEs. Results A 5-HTTLPR × SLEs interaction emerged, such that children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to depression in the context of elevated SLE than long allele carriers. In contrast, at low SLE exposure, short allele homozygotes had fewer depressive symptoms. The data were best fit by a plasticity model with a substantial reduction in fit by diathesis-stress models. Conclusions Extending studies in adult and adolescent populations, these data suggest that 5-HTTLPR genotype may provide plasticity to environmental influence, for better or worse. Specifically, children homozygous for the short allele were more susceptible to the depressogenic effects of SLEs but benefitted, in the form of reduced depressive symptoms, in the context of relatively benign environmental conditions (i.e. relatively low SLE exposure). These data highlight the importance of examining gene × environment interactions across development, environment, and outcome but should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12142 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=231

Testing multiple levels of influence in the intergenerational transmission of alcohol disorders from a developmental perspective: The example of alcohol use promoting peers and μ-opioid receptor M1 variation / Laurie A. CHASSIN in Development and Psychopathology, 24-3 (August 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 24-3 (August 2012) . - p.953-67 Titre : Testing multiple levels of influence in the intergenerational transmission of alcohol disorders from a developmental perspective: The example of alcohol use promoting peers and μ-opioid receptor M1 variation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laurie A. CHASSIN, Auteur ; Matthew R. LEE, Auteur ; Young Il CHO, Auteur ; Frances L. WANG, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Kenneth J. SHER, Auteur ; Michael T. LYNSKEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.953-67 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the interplay between the influence of peers who promote alcohol use and μ-opioid receptor M1 (OPRM1) genetic variation in the intergenerational transmission of alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms while separating the “traitlike” components of AUD symptoms from their age-specific manifestations at three ages from emerging adulthood (17–23 years) to adulthood (29–40 years). The results for males were consistent with genetically influenced peer selection mechanisms as mediators of parent alcoholism effects. Male children of alcoholics were less likely to be carriers of the G allele in single nucleotide polymorphism A118G (rs1799971), and those who were homozygous for the A allele were more likely to affiliate with alcohol use promoting peers who increased the risk for AUD symptoms at all ages. There was evidence for women of an interaction between OPRM1 variation and peer affiliations but only at the earliest age band. Peer influences had stronger effects among women who were G-carriers. These results illustrate the complex ways in which the interplay between influences at multiple levels of analysis can underlie the intergenerational transmission of alcohol disorders as well as the importance of considering age and gender differences in these pathways. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000478 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 [article] Testing multiple levels of influence in the intergenerational transmission of alcohol disorders from a developmental perspective: The example of alcohol use promoting peers and μ-opioid receptor M1 variation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laurie A. CHASSIN, Auteur ; Matthew R. LEE, Auteur ; Young Il CHO, Auteur ; Frances L. WANG, Auteur ; Arpana AGRAWAL, Auteur ; Kenneth J. SHER, Auteur ; Michael T. LYNSKEY, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.953-67. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 24-3 (August 2012) . - p.953-67 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the interplay between the influence of peers who promote alcohol use and μ-opioid receptor M1 (OPRM1) genetic variation in the intergenerational transmission of alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms while separating the “traitlike” components of AUD symptoms from their age-specific manifestations at three ages from emerging adulthood (17–23 years) to adulthood (29–40 years). The results for males were consistent with genetically influenced peer selection mechanisms as mediators of parent alcoholism effects. Male children of alcoholics were less likely to be carriers of the G allele in single nucleotide polymorphism A118G (rs1799971), and those who were homozygous for the A allele were more likely to affiliate with alcohol use promoting peers who increased the risk for AUD symptoms at all ages. There was evidence for women of an interaction between OPRM1 variation and peer affiliations but only at the earliest age band. Peer influences had stronger effects among women who were G-carriers. These results illustrate the complex ways in which the interplay between influences at multiple levels of analysis can underlie the intergenerational transmission of alcohol disorders as well as the importance of considering age and gender differences in these pathways. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000478 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178

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