Erratum to: White Matter Microstructure Predicts Autistic Traits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / Miriam COOPER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-11 (November 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-11 (November 2014) . - p.2755-2755 Titre : Erratum to: White Matter Microstructure Predicts Autistic Traits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Derek K. JONES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2755-2755 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2162-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Erratum to: White Matter Microstructure Predicts Autistic Traits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Derek K. JONES, Auteur . - p.2755-2755. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-11 (November 2014) . - p.2755-2755 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2162-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? / Anita THAPAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 3-16 Titre : Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olga EYRE, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 3-16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  genetics  risk factors  perinatal  prenatal  aetiology  environmental?gene interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. Method: This review (focussing on literature published since 1997, selected from a search of PubMed) critically considers putative risk factors with a focus on genetics and selected environmental risks, examines their relationships with ADHD and discusses the likelihood that these risks are causal as well as some of the main implications. Results: No single risk factor explains ADHD. Both inherited and noninherited factors contribute and their effects are interdependent. ADHD is familial and heritable. Research into the inherited and molecular genetic contributions to ADHD suggest an important overlap with other neurodevelopmental problems, notably, autism spectrum disorders. Having a biological relative with ADHD, large, rare copy number variants, some small effect size candidate gene variants, extreme early adversity, pre and postnatal exposure to lead and low birth weight/prematurity have been most consistently found as risk factors, but none are yet known to be definitely causal. There is a large literature documenting associations between ADHD and a wide variety of putative environmental risks that can, at present, only be regarded as correlates. Findings from research designs that go beyond simply testing for association are beginning to contest the robustness of some environmental exposures previously thought to be ADHD risk factors. Conclusions: The genetic risks implicated in ADHD generally tend to have small effect sizes or be rare and often increase risk of many other types of psychopathology. Thus, they cannot be used for prediction, genetic testing or diagnostic purposes beyond what is predicted by a family history. There is a need to consider the possibility of parents and siblings being similarly affected and how this might impact on engagement with families, influence interventions and require integration with adult services. Genetic contributions to disorder do not necessarily mean that medications are the treatment of choice. We also consider how findings might influence the conceptualisation of ADHD, public health policy implications and why it is unhelpful and incorrect to dichotomise genetic/biological and environmental explanations. It is essential that practitioners can interpret genetic and aetiological research findings and impart informed explanations to families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olga EYRE, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur . - 3-16. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 3-16 Mots-clés : ADHD  genetics  risk factors  perinatal  prenatal  aetiology  environmental?gene interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. Method: This review (focussing on literature published since 1997, selected from a search of PubMed) critically considers putative risk factors with a focus on genetics and selected environmental risks, examines their relationships with ADHD and discusses the likelihood that these risks are causal as well as some of the main implications. Results: No single risk factor explains ADHD. Both inherited and noninherited factors contribute and their effects are interdependent. ADHD is familial and heritable. Research into the inherited and molecular genetic contributions to ADHD suggest an important overlap with other neurodevelopmental problems, notably, autism spectrum disorders. Having a biological relative with ADHD, large, rare copy number variants, some small effect size candidate gene variants, extreme early adversity, pre and postnatal exposure to lead and low birth weight/prematurity have been most consistently found as risk factors, but none are yet known to be definitely causal. There is a large literature documenting associations between ADHD and a wide variety of putative environmental risks that can, at present, only be regarded as correlates. Findings from research designs that go beyond simply testing for association are beginning to contest the robustness of some environmental exposures previously thought to be ADHD risk factors. Conclusions: The genetic risks implicated in ADHD generally tend to have small effect sizes or be rare and often increase risk of many other types of psychopathology. Thus, they cannot be used for prediction, genetic testing or diagnostic purposes beyond what is predicted by a family history. There is a need to consider the possibility of parents and siblings being similarly affected and how this might impact on engagement with families, influence interventions and require integration with adult services. Genetic contributions to disorder do not necessarily mean that medications are the treatment of choice. We also consider how findings might influence the conceptualisation of ADHD, public health policy implications and why it is unhelpful and incorrect to dichotomise genetic/biological and environmental explanations. It is essential that practitioners can interpret genetic and aetiological research findings and impart informed explanations to families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Sex differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and clinical care: a national study of population healthcare records in Wales / Joanna MARTIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-12 (December 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-12 (December 2024) . - p.1648-1658 Titre : Sex differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and clinical care: a national study of population healthcare records in Wales Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olivier Y. ROUQUETTE, Auteur ; Ann JOHN, Auteur ; Kapil SAYAL, Auteur ; Tamsin FORD, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1648-1658 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  sex differences  neurodevelopmental conditions  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Population-based studies have observed sex biases in the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Females are less likely to be diagnosed or prescribed ADHD medication. This study uses national healthcare records, to investigate sex differences in diagnosis and clinical care in young people with ADHD, particularly regarding recognition and treatment of other mental health conditions. Methods The cohort included individuals diagnosed with ADHD, born between 1989 and 2013 and living in Wales between 2000 and 2019. Routine primary and secondary healthcare record data were used to derive diagnoses of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, as well as ADHD and antidepressant medications. Demographic variables included ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and contact with social services. Results There were 16,458 individuals diagnosed with ADHD (20.3% females, ages 3?30?years), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.9:1. Higher ratios (4.8:1) were seen in individuals diagnosed younger (<12?years), with the lowest ratio (1.9:1) in those diagnosed as adults (>18). Males were younger at first recorded ADHD diagnosis (mean?=?10.9 vs. 12.6?years), more likely to be prescribed ADHD medication and younger at diagnosis of co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions. In contrast, females were more likely to receive a diagnosis of anxiety, depression or another mental health condition and to be prescribed antidepressant medications, prior to ADHD diagnosis. These sex differences were largely stable across demographic groups. Conclusions This study adds to the evidence base that females with ADHD are experiencing later recognition and treatment of ADHD. The results indicate that this may be partly because of diagnostic overshadowing from other mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, or initial misdiagnosis. Further research and dissemination of findings to the public are needed to improve awareness, timely diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in females. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13987 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=542 [article] Sex differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and clinical care: a national study of population healthcare records in Wales [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olivier Y. ROUQUETTE, Auteur ; Ann JOHN, Auteur ; Kapil SAYAL, Auteur ; Tamsin FORD, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur . - p.1648-1658. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-12 (December 2024) . - p.1648-1658 Mots-clés : ADHD  sex differences  neurodevelopmental conditions  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Population-based studies have observed sex biases in the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Females are less likely to be diagnosed or prescribed ADHD medication. This study uses national healthcare records, to investigate sex differences in diagnosis and clinical care in young people with ADHD, particularly regarding recognition and treatment of other mental health conditions. Methods The cohort included individuals diagnosed with ADHD, born between 1989 and 2013 and living in Wales between 2000 and 2019. Routine primary and secondary healthcare record data were used to derive diagnoses of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, as well as ADHD and antidepressant medications. Demographic variables included ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and contact with social services. Results There were 16,458 individuals diagnosed with ADHD (20.3% females, ages 3?30?years), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.9:1. Higher ratios (4.8:1) were seen in individuals diagnosed younger (<12?years), with the lowest ratio (1.9:1) in those diagnosed as adults (>18). Males were younger at first recorded ADHD diagnosis (mean?=?10.9 vs. 12.6?years), more likely to be prescribed ADHD medication and younger at diagnosis of co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions. In contrast, females were more likely to receive a diagnosis of anxiety, depression or another mental health condition and to be prescribed antidepressant medications, prior to ADHD diagnosis. These sex differences were largely stable across demographic groups. Conclusions This study adds to the evidence base that females with ADHD are experiencing later recognition and treatment of ADHD. The results indicate that this may be partly because of diagnostic overshadowing from other mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, or initial misdiagnosis. Further research and dissemination of findings to the public are needed to improve awareness, timely diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in females. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13987 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=542

White Matter Microstructure Predicts Autistic Traits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / Miriam COOPER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-11 (November 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-11 (November 2014) . - p.2742-2754 Titre : White Matter Microstructure Predicts Autistic Traits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Derek K. JONES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2742-2754 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Diffusion MRI  ADHD  ASD  White matter  Tract-based spatial statistics  RESTORE Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Traits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have previously been found to index clinical severity. This study examined the association of ASD traits with diffusion parameters in adolescent males with ADHD (n = 17), and also compared WM microstructure relative to controls (n = 17). Significant associations (p 0.05, corrected) were found between fractional anisotropy/radial diffusivity and ASD trait severity (positive and negative correlations respectively), mostly in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule/corticospinal tract, right cerebellar peduncle and the midbrain. No case–control differences were found for the diffusion parameters investigated. This is the first report of a WM microstructural signature of autistic traits in ADHD. Thus, even in the absence of full disorder, ASD traits may index a distinctive underlying neurobiology in ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2131-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] White Matter Microstructure Predicts Autistic Traits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Derek K. JONES, Auteur . - p.2742-2754. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-11 (November 2014) . - p.2742-2754 Mots-clés : Diffusion MRI  ADHD  ASD  White matter  Tract-based spatial statistics  RESTORE Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Traits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have previously been found to index clinical severity. This study examined the association of ASD traits with diffusion parameters in adolescent males with ADHD (n = 17), and also compared WM microstructure relative to controls (n = 17). Significant associations (p 0.05, corrected) were found between fractional anisotropy/radial diffusivity and ASD trait severity (positive and negative correlations respectively), mostly in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule/corticospinal tract, right cerebellar peduncle and the midbrain. No case–control differences were found for the diffusion parameters investigated. This is the first report of a WM microstructural signature of autistic traits in ADHD. Thus, even in the absence of full disorder, ASD traits may index a distinctive underlying neurobiology in ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2131-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

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