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Auteur Nancy KANWISHER |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (3)
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Global/Local Processing in Autism: Not a Disability, but a Disinclination / Kami KOLDEWYN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-10 (October 2013)
[article]
Titre : Global/Local Processing in Autism: Not a Disability, but a Disinclination Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Yuhong V. JIANG, Auteur ; Sarah WEIGELT, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2329-2340 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Global/local processing Global attention Cognitive development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is widely suggested that ASD is characterized by atypical local/global processing, but the published findings are contradictory. In an effort to resolve this question, we tested a large group of children on both a free-choice task and an instructed task using hierarchical local–global stimuli. We find that although children with autism showed a reduced preference to report global properties of a stimulus when given a choice, their ability to process global properties when instructed to do so is unimpaired. These findings support prior claims that people with ASD show a disinclination, not a disability, in global processing, and highlight the broader question of whether other characteristics of autism may also reflect disinclinations rather than disabilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1777-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=215
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-10 (October 2013) . - p.2329-2340[article] Global/Local Processing in Autism: Not a Disability, but a Disinclination [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Yuhong V. JIANG, Auteur ; Sarah WEIGELT, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur . - p.2329-2340.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-10 (October 2013) . - p.2329-2340
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Global/local processing Global attention Cognitive development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is widely suggested that ASD is characterized by atypical local/global processing, but the published findings are contradictory. In an effort to resolve this question, we tested a large group of children on both a free-choice task and an instructed task using hierarchical local–global stimuli. We find that although children with autism showed a reduced preference to report global properties of a stimulus when given a choice, their ability to process global properties when instructed to do so is unimpaired. These findings support prior claims that people with ASD show a disinclination, not a disability, in global processing, and highlight the broader question of whether other characteristics of autism may also reflect disinclinations rather than disabilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1777-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=215 Multiple Object Tracking in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Kami KOLDEWYN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-6 (June 2013)
[article]
Titre : Multiple Object Tracking in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Sarah WEIGELT, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur ; Yuhong V. JIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1394-1405 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Multiple object tracking Dynamic attention Spatial attention Cognitive development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in visual attention are often implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) but it remains unclear which aspects of attention are affected. Here, we used a multiple object tracking (MOT) task to quantitatively characterize dynamic attentional function in children with ASD aged 5–12. While the ASD group performed significantly worse overall, the group difference did not increase with increased object speed. This finding suggests that decreased MOT performance is not due to deficits in dynamic attention but instead to a diminished capacity to select and maintain attention on multiple targets. Further, MOT performance improved from 5 to 10 years in both typical and ASD groups with similar developmental trajectories. These results argue against a specific deficit in dynamic attention in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1694-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=201
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-6 (June 2013) . - p.1394-1405[article] Multiple Object Tracking in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Sarah WEIGELT, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur ; Yuhong V. JIANG, Auteur . - p.1394-1405.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-6 (June 2013) . - p.1394-1405
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Multiple object tracking Dynamic attention Spatial attention Cognitive development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in visual attention are often implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) but it remains unclear which aspects of attention are affected. Here, we used a multiple object tracking (MOT) task to quantitatively characterize dynamic attentional function in children with ASD aged 5–12. While the ASD group performed significantly worse overall, the group difference did not increase with increased object speed. This finding suggests that decreased MOT performance is not due to deficits in dynamic attention but instead to a diminished capacity to select and maintain attention on multiple targets. Further, MOT performance improved from 5 to 10 years in both typical and ASD groups with similar developmental trajectories. These results argue against a specific deficit in dynamic attention in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1694-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=201 Reduced Language Lateralization in Autism and the Broader Autism Phenotype as Assessed with Robust Individual-Subjects Analyses / Olessia JOURAVLEV in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)
[article]
Titre : Reduced Language Lateralization in Autism and the Broader Autism Phenotype as Assessed with Robust Individual-Subjects Analyses Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Olessia JOURAVLEV, Auteur ; Alexander J. E. KELL, Auteur ; Zachary MINEROFF, Auteur ; Amanda J. HASKINS, Auteur ; Dima AYYASH, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur ; Evelina FEDORENKO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1746-1761 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Multiple Demand network Theory of Mind network autism spectrum disorder (ASD) fMRI individual differences language network reduced language lateralization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One of the few replicated functional brain differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) controls is reduced language lateralization. However, most prior reports relied on comparisons of group-level activation maps or functional markers that had not been validated at the individual-subject level, and/or used tasks that do not isolate language processing from other cognitive processes, complicating interpretation. Furthermore, few prior studies have examined functional responses in other brain networks, as needed to determine the spatial selectivity of the effect. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared language lateralization between 28 adult ASD participants and carefully pairwise-matched controls, with the language regions defined individually using a well-validated language "localizer" task. Across two language comprehension paradigms, ASD participants showed less lateralized responses due to stronger right hemisphere activity. Furthermore, this effect did not stem from a ubiquitous reduction in lateralization of function across the brain: ASD participants did not differ from controls in the lateralization of two other large-scale networks-the Theory of Mind network and the Multiple Demand network. Finally, in an exploratory study, we tested whether reduced language lateralization may also be present in NT individuals with high autism-like traits. Indeed, autistic trait load in a large set of NT participants (n = 189) was associated with less lateralized language responses. These results suggest that reduced language lateralization is robustly associated with autism and, to some extent, with autism-like traits in the general population, and this lateralization reduction appears to be restricted to the language system. LAY SUMMARY: How do brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) differ from those of neurotypical (NT) controls? One of the most consistently reported differences is the reduction of lateralization during language processing in individuals with ASD. However, most prior studies have used methods that made this finding difficult to interpret, and perhaps even artifactual. Using robust individual-level markers of lateralization, we found that indeed, ASD individuals show reduced lateralization for language due to stronger right-hemisphere activity. We further show that this reduction is not due to a general reduction of lateralization of function across the brain. Finally, we show that greater autistic trait load is associated with less lateralized language responses in the NT population. These results suggest that reduced language lateralization is robustly associated with autism and, to some extent, with autism-like traits in the general population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1746-1761. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2393 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431
in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1746-1761[article] Reduced Language Lateralization in Autism and the Broader Autism Phenotype as Assessed with Robust Individual-Subjects Analyses [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Olessia JOURAVLEV, Auteur ; Alexander J. E. KELL, Auteur ; Zachary MINEROFF, Auteur ; Amanda J. HASKINS, Auteur ; Dima AYYASH, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur ; Evelina FEDORENKO, Auteur . - p.1746-1761.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-10 (October 2020) . - p.1746-1761
Mots-clés : Multiple Demand network Theory of Mind network autism spectrum disorder (ASD) fMRI individual differences language network reduced language lateralization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One of the few replicated functional brain differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) controls is reduced language lateralization. However, most prior reports relied on comparisons of group-level activation maps or functional markers that had not been validated at the individual-subject level, and/or used tasks that do not isolate language processing from other cognitive processes, complicating interpretation. Furthermore, few prior studies have examined functional responses in other brain networks, as needed to determine the spatial selectivity of the effect. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared language lateralization between 28 adult ASD participants and carefully pairwise-matched controls, with the language regions defined individually using a well-validated language "localizer" task. Across two language comprehension paradigms, ASD participants showed less lateralized responses due to stronger right hemisphere activity. Furthermore, this effect did not stem from a ubiquitous reduction in lateralization of function across the brain: ASD participants did not differ from controls in the lateralization of two other large-scale networks-the Theory of Mind network and the Multiple Demand network. Finally, in an exploratory study, we tested whether reduced language lateralization may also be present in NT individuals with high autism-like traits. Indeed, autistic trait load in a large set of NT participants (n = 189) was associated with less lateralized language responses. These results suggest that reduced language lateralization is robustly associated with autism and, to some extent, with autism-like traits in the general population, and this lateralization reduction appears to be restricted to the language system. LAY SUMMARY: How do brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) differ from those of neurotypical (NT) controls? One of the most consistently reported differences is the reduction of lateralization during language processing in individuals with ASD. However, most prior studies have used methods that made this finding difficult to interpret, and perhaps even artifactual. Using robust individual-level markers of lateralization, we found that indeed, ASD individuals show reduced lateralization for language due to stronger right-hemisphere activity. We further show that this reduction is not due to a general reduction of lateralization of function across the brain. Finally, we show that greater autistic trait load is associated with less lateralized language responses in the NT population. These results suggest that reduced language lateralization is robustly associated with autism and, to some extent, with autism-like traits in the general population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1746-1761. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2393 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431