28 recherche sur le mot-clé 'individual differences'

Individual Differences in the Real-Time Comprehension of Children with ASD / Courtney E. VENKER in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.417-432 Titre : Individual Differences in the Real-Time Comprehension of Children with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Courtney E. VENKER, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. EERNISSE, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan Ellis WEISMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.417-432 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  comprehension  language processing  receptive vocabulary  eye-gaze methodology  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate deficits in language comprehension, but little is known about how they process spoken language as it unfolds. Real-time lexical comprehension is associated with language and cognition in children without ASD, suggesting that this may also be the case for children with ASD. This study adopted an individual differences approach to characterizing real-time comprehension of familiar words in a group of 34 three- to six-year-olds with ASD. The looking-while-listening paradigm was employed; it measures online accuracy and latency through language-mediated eye movements and has limited task demands. On average, children demonstrated comprehension of the familiar words, but considerable variability emerged. Children with better accuracy were faster to process the familiar words. In combination, processing speed and comprehension on a standardized language assessment explained 63% of the variance in online accuracy. Online accuracy was not correlated with autism severity or maternal education, and nonverbal cognition did not explain unique variance. Notably, online accuracy at age 5½ was related to vocabulary comprehension 3 years earlier. The words typically learned earliest in life were processed most quickly. Consistent with a dimensional view of language abilities, these findings point to similarities in patterns of language acquisition in typically developing children and those with ASD. Overall, our results emphasize the value of examining individual differences in real-time language comprehension in this population. We propose that the looking-while-listening paradigm is a sensitive and valuable methodological tool that can be applied across many areas of autism research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1304 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Individual Differences in the Real-Time Comprehension of Children with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Courtney E. VENKER, Auteur ; Elizabeth R. EERNISSE, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan Ellis WEISMER, Auteur . - p.417-432. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.417-432 Mots-clés : autism  comprehension  language processing  receptive vocabulary  eye-gaze methodology  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate deficits in language comprehension, but little is known about how they process spoken language as it unfolds. Real-time lexical comprehension is associated with language and cognition in children without ASD, suggesting that this may also be the case for children with ASD. This study adopted an individual differences approach to characterizing real-time comprehension of familiar words in a group of 34 three- to six-year-olds with ASD. The looking-while-listening paradigm was employed; it measures online accuracy and latency through language-mediated eye movements and has limited task demands. On average, children demonstrated comprehension of the familiar words, but considerable variability emerged. Children with better accuracy were faster to process the familiar words. In combination, processing speed and comprehension on a standardized language assessment explained 63% of the variance in online accuracy. Online accuracy was not correlated with autism severity or maternal education, and nonverbal cognition did not explain unique variance. Notably, online accuracy at age 5½ was related to vocabulary comprehension 3 years earlier. The words typically learned earliest in life were processed most quickly. Consistent with a dimensional view of language abilities, these findings point to similarities in patterns of language acquisition in typically developing children and those with ASD. Overall, our results emphasize the value of examining individual differences in real-time language comprehension in this population. We propose that the looking-while-listening paradigm is a sensitive and valuable methodological tool that can be applied across many areas of autism research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1304 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

Annual Research Review: Neural contributions to risk-taking in adolescence – developmental changes and individual differences / Eveline A. CRONE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.353-368 Titre : Annual Research Review: Neural contributions to risk-taking in adolescence – developmental changes and individual differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eveline A. CRONE, Auteur ; Anna C. K. VAN DUIJVENVOORDE, Auteur ; Jiska S. PEPER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.353-368 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Risk-taking behavior  adolescence  developmental changes  individual differences  externalizing disorders  brain connectivity  ventral striatum Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Risk-taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. In addition, risk-taking is thought to be a key element of many externalizing disorders, such as ADHD, delinquency, conduct disorder, and substance abuse. In this review, we will discuss the potential adaptive and nonadaptive properties of risk-taking in childhood and adolescence. Findings We propose that the changes in brain architecture and function are a crucial element underlying these developmental trajectories. We first identify how subcortical and cortical interactions are important for understanding risk-taking behavior in adults. Next, we show how developmental changes in this network underlie changes in risk-taking behavior. Finally, we explore how these differences can be important for understanding externalizing behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. Conclusions We conclude that longitudinal studies are of crucial importance for understanding these developmental trajectories, and many of these studies are currently underway. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12502 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Neural contributions to risk-taking in adolescence – developmental changes and individual differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eveline A. CRONE, Auteur ; Anna C. K. VAN DUIJVENVOORDE, Auteur ; Jiska S. PEPER, Auteur . - p.353-368. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.353-368 Mots-clés : Risk-taking behavior  adolescence  developmental changes  individual differences  externalizing disorders  brain connectivity  ventral striatum Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Risk-taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. In addition, risk-taking is thought to be a key element of many externalizing disorders, such as ADHD, delinquency, conduct disorder, and substance abuse. In this review, we will discuss the potential adaptive and nonadaptive properties of risk-taking in childhood and adolescence. Findings We propose that the changes in brain architecture and function are a crucial element underlying these developmental trajectories. We first identify how subcortical and cortical interactions are important for understanding risk-taking behavior in adults. Next, we show how developmental changes in this network underlie changes in risk-taking behavior. Finally, we explore how these differences can be important for understanding externalizing behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. Conclusions We conclude that longitudinal studies are of crucial importance for understanding these developmental trajectories, and many of these studies are currently underway. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12502 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Autistic Traits are Linked to Individual Differences in Familiar Voice Identification / V. G. SKUK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-7 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-7 (July 2019) . - p.2747-2767 Titre : Autistic Traits are Linked to Individual Differences in Familiar Voice Identification Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : V. G. SKUK, Auteur ; R. PALERMO, Auteur ; L. BROEMER, Auteur ; S. R. SCHWEINBERGER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2747-2767 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic traits  Gender differences  Individual differences  Own-gender-bias.  Recognition  Voice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic traits vary across the general population, and are linked with face recognition ability. Here we investigated potential links between autistic traits and voice recognition ability for personally familiar voices in a group of 30 listeners (15 female, 16-19 years) from the same local school. Autistic traits (particularly those related to communication and social interaction) were negatively correlated with voice recognition, such that more autistic traits were associated with fewer familiar voices identified and less ability to discriminate familiar from unfamiliar voices. In addition, our results suggest enhanced accessibility of personal semantic information in women compared to men. Overall, this study establishes a detailed pattern of relationships between voice identification performance and autistic traits in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3039-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 [article] Autistic Traits are Linked to Individual Differences in Familiar Voice Identification [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / V. G. SKUK, Auteur ; R. PALERMO, Auteur ; L. BROEMER, Auteur ; S. R. SCHWEINBERGER, Auteur . - p.2747-2767. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-7 (July 2019) . - p.2747-2767 Mots-clés : Autistic traits  Gender differences  Individual differences  Own-gender-bias.  Recognition  Voice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic traits vary across the general population, and are linked with face recognition ability. Here we investigated potential links between autistic traits and voice recognition ability for personally familiar voices in a group of 30 listeners (15 female, 16-19 years) from the same local school. Autistic traits (particularly those related to communication and social interaction) were negatively correlated with voice recognition, such that more autistic traits were associated with fewer familiar voices identified and less ability to discriminate familiar from unfamiliar voices. In addition, our results suggest enhanced accessibility of personal semantic information in women compared to men. Overall, this study establishes a detailed pattern of relationships between voice identification performance and autistic traits in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3039-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401

Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies / Masha Y. IVANOVA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-11 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1297-1307 Titre : Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Masha Y. IVANOVA, Auteur ; Thomas M. ACHENBACH, Auteur ; Lori TURNER, Auteur ; Fredrik ALMQVIST, Auteur ; Ivan BEGOVAC, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Hector BIRD, Auteur ; Anders G. BROBERG, Auteur ; Mery A. CORDOVA CALDERON, Auteur ; Myriam CHAHED, Auteur ; Hoang-Minh DANG, Auteur ; Anca DOBREAN, Auteur ; Mandred DOPFNER, Auteur ; Nese EROL, Auteur ; Maria FORNS, Auteur ; Halldor S. GUOMUNDSSON, Auteur ; Helga HANNESDOTTIR, Auteur ; Nohelia HEWITT-RAMIREZ, Auteur ; Yasuko KANBAYASHI, Auteur ; Suyen KARKI, Auteur ; Hans M. KOOT, Auteur ; Michael C. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Patrick LEUNG, Auteur ; Dorcas N. MAGAI, Auteur ; Alfio MAGGIOLINI, Auteur ; Christa Winkler METZKE, Auteur ; Asghar MINAEI, Auteur ; Marina MONZANI DA ROCHA, Auteur ; Paulo A. S. MOREIRA, Auteur ; Mesfin S. MULATU, Auteur ; Torunn Stene NØVIK, Auteur ; Kyung Ja OH, Auteur ; Djaouida PETOT, Auteur ; Jean-Michel PETOT, Auteur ; Cecilia PISA, Auteur ; Rolando POMALIMA, Auteur ; Alexandra ROUSSOS, Auteur ; Vlasta RUDAN, Auteur ; Michael G. SAWYER, Auteur ; Mimoza SHAHINI, Auteur ; Zeynep SIMSEK, Auteur ; Hans-Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Sheila WEINTRAUB, Auteur ; Bahr WEISS, Auteur ; Tomasz WOLANCZYK, Auteur ; Eugene Yuqing ZHANG, Auteur ; Nelly ZILBER, Auteur ; Rita ÅOEUKAUSKIENÄ–, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1297-1307 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Adolescent  Humans  Individuality  Parents/psychology  Self Report  Individual differences  Youth Self-Report  multicultural  psychopathology  strengths Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents' ratings of their offspring's mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents' reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents' perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths' self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11-17 year olds in 38 societies. METHODS: Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. RESULTS: Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. CONCLUSIONS: Like parents' ratings, youths' self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggesting greater influence of social desirability. The clinical significance of individual differences in youths' self-reports should thus not be minimized by societal/cultural differences, which-while important-can be taken into account with appropriate norms, as can gender and age differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Masha Y. IVANOVA, Auteur ; Thomas M. ACHENBACH, Auteur ; Lori TURNER, Auteur ; Fredrik ALMQVIST, Auteur ; Ivan BEGOVAC, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Hector BIRD, Auteur ; Anders G. BROBERG, Auteur ; Mery A. CORDOVA CALDERON, Auteur ; Myriam CHAHED, Auteur ; Hoang-Minh DANG, Auteur ; Anca DOBREAN, Auteur ; Mandred DOPFNER, Auteur ; Nese EROL, Auteur ; Maria FORNS, Auteur ; Halldor S. GUOMUNDSSON, Auteur ; Helga HANNESDOTTIR, Auteur ; Nohelia HEWITT-RAMIREZ, Auteur ; Yasuko KANBAYASHI, Auteur ; Suyen KARKI, Auteur ; Hans M. KOOT, Auteur ; Michael C. LAMBERT, Auteur ; Patrick LEUNG, Auteur ; Dorcas N. MAGAI, Auteur ; Alfio MAGGIOLINI, Auteur ; Christa Winkler METZKE, Auteur ; Asghar MINAEI, Auteur ; Marina MONZANI DA ROCHA, Auteur ; Paulo A. S. MOREIRA, Auteur ; Mesfin S. MULATU, Auteur ; Torunn Stene NØVIK, Auteur ; Kyung Ja OH, Auteur ; Djaouida PETOT, Auteur ; Jean-Michel PETOT, Auteur ; Cecilia PISA, Auteur ; Rolando POMALIMA, Auteur ; Alexandra ROUSSOS, Auteur ; Vlasta RUDAN, Auteur ; Michael G. SAWYER, Auteur ; Mimoza SHAHINI, Auteur ; Zeynep SIMSEK, Auteur ; Hans-Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Sheila WEINTRAUB, Auteur ; Bahr WEISS, Auteur ; Tomasz WOLANCZYK, Auteur ; Eugene Yuqing ZHANG, Auteur ; Nelly ZILBER, Auteur ; Rita ÅOEUKAUSKIENÄ–, Auteur . - p.1297-1307. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1297-1307 Mots-clés : Child  Adolescent  Humans  Individuality  Parents/psychology  Self Report  Individual differences  Youth Self-Report  multicultural  psychopathology  strengths Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents' ratings of their offspring's mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents' reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents' perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths' self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11-17 year olds in 38 societies. METHODS: Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. RESULTS: Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. CONCLUSIONS: Like parents' ratings, youths' self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggesting greater influence of social desirability. The clinical significance of individual differences in youths' self-reports should thus not be minimized by societal/cultural differences, which-while important-can be taken into account with appropriate norms, as can gender and age differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

If you've employed one person with autism ...: An individual difference approach to the autism advantage at work / Simon M. BURY in Autism, 23-6 (August 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-6 (August 2019) . - p.1607-1608 Titre : If you've employed one person with autism ...: An individual difference approach to the autism advantage at work Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon M. BURY, Auteur ; D. HEDLEY, Auteur ; M. ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; E. GAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1607-1608 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism advantage  autism spectrum disorder  individual differences  talent  workplace performance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this letter to the editor, we comment on the 'autism advantage' - the idea that superior skills associated with autism (e.g. attention to detail) present a talent in employment - an example of which is a recent discussion by Austin and Pisano. We welcome advocacy that raises awareness around the strengths and capabilities of people with autism, and also the need to reform human resource management processes that disadvantage them. However, we are concerned that, by highlighting certain stereotypes (e.g. the 'talented nerd lacking social graces'), the heterogeneity of autism may be overlooked and support needs downplayed. Furthermore, not appreciating individual differences might result in a misalignment between work-profile and employment, pressure to outperform peers without autism and a failure to appreciate the diverse interests of people with autism. We argue that an individual differences approach will prove more sustainable for improving long-term employment outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318794937 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403 [article] If you've employed one person with autism ...: An individual difference approach to the autism advantage at work [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon M. BURY, Auteur ; D. HEDLEY, Auteur ; M. ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; E. GAL, Auteur . - p.1607-1608. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-6 (August 2019) . - p.1607-1608 Mots-clés : autism advantage  autism spectrum disorder  individual differences  talent  workplace performance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this letter to the editor, we comment on the 'autism advantage' - the idea that superior skills associated with autism (e.g. attention to detail) present a talent in employment - an example of which is a recent discussion by Austin and Pisano. We welcome advocacy that raises awareness around the strengths and capabilities of people with autism, and also the need to reform human resource management processes that disadvantage them. However, we are concerned that, by highlighting certain stereotypes (e.g. the 'talented nerd lacking social graces'), the heterogeneity of autism may be overlooked and support needs downplayed. Furthermore, not appreciating individual differences might result in a misalignment between work-profile and employment, pressure to outperform peers without autism and a failure to appreciate the diverse interests of people with autism. We argue that an individual differences approach will prove more sustainable for improving long-term employment outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318794937 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403

Reduced Language Lateralization in Autism and the Broader Autism Phenotype as Assessed with Robust Individual-Subjects Analyses / Olessia JOURAVLEV in Autism Research, 13-10 (October 2020)  

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Anterior EEG Asymmetry and the Modifier Model of Autism / Courtney BURNETTE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-8 (August 2011)  

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Applying a network framework to the neurobiology of reading and dyslexia / S. K. BAILEY in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10-1 (December 2018)  

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Assessment of autonomic symptom scales in patients with neurodevelopmental diagnoses using electronic health record data / A. S. DICRISCIO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 108 (October 2023)  

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Brief Report: Discrimination of Foreign Speech Pitch and Autistic Traits in Non-Clinical Population / L. S. IAO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-1 (January 2018)  

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