Brain Routes for Reading in Adults with and without Autism: EMEG Evidence / Rachel L. MOSELEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-1 (January 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-1 (January 2014) . - p.137-153 Titre : Brain Routes for Reading in Adults with and without Autism: EMEG Evidence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Friedemann PULVERMULLER, Auteur ; Bettina MOHR, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Yury SHTYROV, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.137-153 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reading  Dual-route model  Hyperlexia  Semantics  EEG  MEG Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically ‘sounding out’ words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combined MEG/EEG recordings of adults with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) and controls while reading revealed preferential recruitment of temporal areas in controls and additional parietal recruitment in ASC. Furthermore, a lack of differences between semantic word categories was consistent with previous suggestion that people with ASC may lack a ‘default’ lexical-semantic processing mode. These results are discussed with reference to dual-route models of reading. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1858-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220 [article] Brain Routes for Reading in Adults with and without Autism: EMEG Evidence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Friedemann PULVERMULLER, Auteur ; Bettina MOHR, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Yury SHTYROV, Auteur . - p.137-153. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-1 (January 2014) . - p.137-153 Mots-clés : Reading  Dual-route model  Hyperlexia  Semantics  EEG  MEG Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically ‘sounding out’ words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combined MEG/EEG recordings of adults with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) and controls while reading revealed preferential recruitment of temporal areas in controls and additional parietal recruitment in ASC. Furthermore, a lack of differences between semantic word categories was consistent with previous suggestion that people with ASC may lack a ‘default’ lexical-semantic processing mode. These results are discussed with reference to dual-route models of reading. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1858-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220

Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample / Rachel L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 45 p. Titre : Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 45 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Female  Suicidal Ideation  Cross-Sectional Studies  Risk Factors  Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology  Pain  Acquired capability  Nssi  Suicide  have no competing interests. Professor Baron-Cohen declares a competing interest  as per his role as Editor-in-Chief at Molecular Autism. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been linked with a higher risk of suicide attempts in autistic and non-autistic people. In the general population, NSSI may confer acquired capability for suicide by eroding one's fear and avoidance of pain and death. The present study aimed to explore acquired capability as the mediator of increased suicide risk conferred by NSSI in autistic and non-autistic adults. METHODS: Autistic and non-autistic adults (n=314, n=312) completed an online survey exploring lifetime suicide attempts, experience with NSSI, and acquired capability for suicide. We explored relationships between lifetime incidence of NSSI and lifetime suicide attempts via three facets of acquired capability (pain tolerance, reduced fear of death, and mental rehearsal of suicide). In self-harming participants (224 autistic and 156 non-autistic), we explored whether particular types and features of NSSI might be especially associated with capability and through that with suicide: namely engagement in scratching, cutting, and self-hitting, and engaging in more numerous forms of NSSI. RESULTS: While a higher frequency of NSSI was associated with all three facets of acquired capability, only reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal of suicide mediated an indirect relationship with lifetime suicide attempts. NSSI also directly predicted more numerous suicide attempts. Autistic people tended towards reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal regardless of NSSI status. Among self-harming autistic and non-autistic participants, cutting and an increased number of NSSI behaviours were associated with lifetime suicide attempts directly and indirectly via acquired capability. In both groups, self-hitting was associated with lifetime suicide attempts only via acquired capability. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional methodology negates inferences of directionality. While we controlled for age, our samples were poorly matched, with the autistic group two times older on average. The autistic sample, predominantly late-diagnosed, female and highly qualified, were unrepresentative of the whole autistic community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acquired capability, as measured herein, is an incomplete explanation for the association between NSSI and suicide risk. A broader construct with stable and transient facets may offer greater explanatory power, but it is probable that other variables explain or provide additional means through which this association arises. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00522-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 45 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 45 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Female  Suicidal Ideation  Cross-Sectional Studies  Risk Factors  Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology  Pain  Acquired capability  Nssi  Suicide  have no competing interests. Professor Baron-Cohen declares a competing interest  as per his role as Editor-in-Chief at Molecular Autism. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been linked with a higher risk of suicide attempts in autistic and non-autistic people. In the general population, NSSI may confer acquired capability for suicide by eroding one's fear and avoidance of pain and death. The present study aimed to explore acquired capability as the mediator of increased suicide risk conferred by NSSI in autistic and non-autistic adults. METHODS: Autistic and non-autistic adults (n=314, n=312) completed an online survey exploring lifetime suicide attempts, experience with NSSI, and acquired capability for suicide. We explored relationships between lifetime incidence of NSSI and lifetime suicide attempts via three facets of acquired capability (pain tolerance, reduced fear of death, and mental rehearsal of suicide). In self-harming participants (224 autistic and 156 non-autistic), we explored whether particular types and features of NSSI might be especially associated with capability and through that with suicide: namely engagement in scratching, cutting, and self-hitting, and engaging in more numerous forms of NSSI. RESULTS: While a higher frequency of NSSI was associated with all three facets of acquired capability, only reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal of suicide mediated an indirect relationship with lifetime suicide attempts. NSSI also directly predicted more numerous suicide attempts. Autistic people tended towards reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal regardless of NSSI status. Among self-harming autistic and non-autistic participants, cutting and an increased number of NSSI behaviours were associated with lifetime suicide attempts directly and indirectly via acquired capability. In both groups, self-hitting was associated with lifetime suicide attempts only via acquired capability. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional methodology negates inferences of directionality. While we controlled for age, our samples were poorly matched, with the autistic group two times older on average. The autistic sample, predominantly late-diagnosed, female and highly qualified, were unrepresentative of the whole autistic community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acquired capability, as measured herein, is an incomplete explanation for the association between NSSI and suicide risk. A broader construct with stable and transient facets may offer greater explanatory power, but it is probable that other variables explain or provide additional means through which this association arises. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00522-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

"A perfect storm": Autistic experiences of menopause and midlife / Miranda J. BRADY in Autism, 28-6 (June 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-6 (June 2024) . - p.1405-1418 Titre : "A perfect storm": Autistic experiences of menopause and midlife Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Miranda J. BRADY, Auteur ; Christine A. JENKINS, Auteur ; Julie M. GAMBLE-TURNER, Auteur ; Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Margaret JANSE VAN RENSBURG, Auteur ; Rose J. MATTHEWS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1405-1418 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism and ageing  autism in women  autistic research  autistic support  community participation in research  health services  menopause  mental health  neurodivergence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research indicates that menopause can be an extremely difficult transition for some autistic people. This study asks how autistic people experience menopause and how they can better access services, support and information; autistic Community Research Associates played an important role in each stage of the research. Online focus groups and interviews were conducted with 24 autistic participants who lived in Canada (n = 13) or the United Kingdom (n = 11) and had experience with the menopausal transition. Transcripts were coded and analysed by four team members using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes and eight subthemes were identified: (1) Complexity, multiplicity and intensity of symptoms (0 subthemes); (2) Life experience and adversity converging at midlife (three subthemes); (3) The importance of knowledge and connection (two subthemes); and (4) Barriers to support and care (three subthemes). Limitations include a potential sample bias towards difficult experiences of menopause. The majority of our sample had a late diagnosis or discovery of autism, and their experiences might not generalize to wider autistic populations. This research may help autistic people prepare for menopause and recognize symptoms earlier. Hearing about the experiences of others may let autistic people who struggle with menopause know they are not alone. Lay abstract Previous studies report that menopause can be a very difficult transition for some autistic people. This study focuses on how autistic people experience menopause and what support and information might help them. Autistic Community Research Associates played an important role in the research and co-authored this article. We held four focus groups and eight interviews online with 24 autistic participants who lived in either Canada (n = 13) or the United Kingdom (n = 11). We analysed participant conversations using a method called reflexive thematic analysis. Participants described many intense challenges during menopause. Four themes and eight subthemes were identified across participant groups: (1) Complexity, multiplicity and intensity of symptoms (0 subthemes); (2) Life experience and adversity converging at midlife (three subthemes); (3) The importance of knowledge and connection (two subthemes); and (4) Barriers to support and care (three subthemes). The experiences of our participants may not be the same as other autistic people, and the study could have been more inclusive of diverse autistic groups. However, hearing about the experiences of others may provide reassurance to autistic people who struggle with menopause and let them know they are not alone. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241244548 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=529 [article] "A perfect storm": Autistic experiences of menopause and midlife [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Miranda J. BRADY, Auteur ; Christine A. JENKINS, Auteur ; Julie M. GAMBLE-TURNER, Auteur ; Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Margaret JANSE VAN RENSBURG, Auteur ; Rose J. MATTHEWS, Auteur . - p.1405-1418. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-6 (June 2024) . - p.1405-1418 Mots-clés : autism and ageing  autism in women  autistic research  autistic support  community participation in research  health services  menopause  mental health  neurodivergence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research indicates that menopause can be an extremely difficult transition for some autistic people. This study asks how autistic people experience menopause and how they can better access services, support and information; autistic Community Research Associates played an important role in each stage of the research. Online focus groups and interviews were conducted with 24 autistic participants who lived in Canada (n = 13) or the United Kingdom (n = 11) and had experience with the menopausal transition. Transcripts were coded and analysed by four team members using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes and eight subthemes were identified: (1) Complexity, multiplicity and intensity of symptoms (0 subthemes); (2) Life experience and adversity converging at midlife (three subthemes); (3) The importance of knowledge and connection (two subthemes); and (4) Barriers to support and care (three subthemes). Limitations include a potential sample bias towards difficult experiences of menopause. The majority of our sample had a late diagnosis or discovery of autism, and their experiences might not generalize to wider autistic populations. This research may help autistic people prepare for menopause and recognize symptoms earlier. Hearing about the experiences of others may let autistic people who struggle with menopause know they are not alone. Lay abstract Previous studies report that menopause can be a very difficult transition for some autistic people. This study focuses on how autistic people experience menopause and what support and information might help them. Autistic Community Research Associates played an important role in the research and co-authored this article. We held four focus groups and eight interviews online with 24 autistic participants who lived in either Canada (n = 13) or the United Kingdom (n = 11). We analysed participant conversations using a method called reflexive thematic analysis. Participants described many intense challenges during menopause. Four themes and eight subthemes were identified across participant groups: (1) Complexity, multiplicity and intensity of symptoms (0 subthemes); (2) Life experience and adversity converging at midlife (three subthemes); (3) The importance of knowledge and connection (two subthemes); and (4) Barriers to support and care (three subthemes). The experiences of our participants may not be the same as other autistic people, and the study could have been more inclusive of diverse autistic groups. However, hearing about the experiences of others may provide reassurance to autistic people who struggle with menopause and let them know they are not alone. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241244548 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=529

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