Adults with autism spectrum disorder are sensitive to the kinematic features defining natural human motion / Rosanna EDEY in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.284-294 Titre : Adults with autism spectrum disorder are sensitive to the kinematic features defining natural human motion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rosanna EDEY, Auteur ; Julia COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.284-294 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  biological motion  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been hypothesized that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (hereafter "autism") have problems perceiving biological motion, which contributes to their social difficulties. However, the ability to perceive the kinematic profile characteristic of biological motion has not been systematically examined in autism. To examine this basic perceptual ability we conducted two experiments comparing adults with autism with matched typical adults. In Experiment 1, participants indicated whether two movements-which differed in the quantity of formula-generated biological motion-were the same or different. In Experiment 2, they judged which of two movements was "less natural," where the stimuli varied in the degree to which they were a product of real movement data produced by autistic and typical models. There were no group differences in perceptual sensitivity in either experiment, with null effects supported by Bayesian analyses. The findings from these two experiments demonstrate that adults with autism are sensitive to the kinematic information defining biological motion to a typical degree-they are both able to detect the perceptual information in a same-different judgment, and as inclined to categorize biological motion derived from real models as natural. These findings therefore provide evidence against the hypothesis that individuals with autism exhibit low-level difficulties in perceiving the kinematics of others' actions, suggesting that atypicalities arise either when integrating this kinematic information with other perceptual input, or in the interpretation of kinematic information. Autism Res 2019, 12: 284-294 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It has previously been suggested that autistic children and adults have problems perceiving the detailed manner in which others move-that is, the subtle changes in speed as we move from point to point-which may impact on their ability to learn from, and about, others in a typical fashion. However, the results from the present two studies demonstrate that adults with autism can perceive this information, suggesting that atypicalities in processing others' movement may arise mainly as a consequence of atypical interpretation rather than perception. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2052 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Adults with autism spectrum disorder are sensitive to the kinematic features defining natural human motion [texte imprimé] / Rosanna EDEY, Auteur ; Julia COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur . - p.284-294. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.284-294 Mots-clés : adults  biological motion  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been hypothesized that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (hereafter "autism") have problems perceiving biological motion, which contributes to their social difficulties. However, the ability to perceive the kinematic profile characteristic of biological motion has not been systematically examined in autism. To examine this basic perceptual ability we conducted two experiments comparing adults with autism with matched typical adults. In Experiment 1, participants indicated whether two movements-which differed in the quantity of formula-generated biological motion-were the same or different. In Experiment 2, they judged which of two movements was "less natural," where the stimuli varied in the degree to which they were a product of real movement data produced by autistic and typical models. There were no group differences in perceptual sensitivity in either experiment, with null effects supported by Bayesian analyses. The findings from these two experiments demonstrate that adults with autism are sensitive to the kinematic information defining biological motion to a typical degree-they are both able to detect the perceptual information in a same-different judgment, and as inclined to categorize biological motion derived from real models as natural. These findings therefore provide evidence against the hypothesis that individuals with autism exhibit low-level difficulties in perceiving the kinematics of others' actions, suggesting that atypicalities arise either when integrating this kinematic information with other perceptual input, or in the interpretation of kinematic information. Autism Res 2019, 12: 284-294 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It has previously been suggested that autistic children and adults have problems perceiving the detailed manner in which others move-that is, the subtle changes in speed as we move from point to point-which may impact on their ability to learn from, and about, others in a typical fashion. However, the results from the present two studies demonstrate that adults with autism can perceive this information, suggesting that atypicalities in processing others' movement may arise mainly as a consequence of atypical interpretation rather than perception. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2052 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Brief Report: Typical Auditory-Motor and Enhanced Visual-Motor Temporal Synchronization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Rosanna EDEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-2 (February 2019) . - p.788-793 Titre : Brief Report: Typical Auditory-Motor and Enhanced Visual-Motor Temporal Synchronization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rosanna EDEY, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.788-793 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Audition  Sensorimotor coordination  Time perception  Vision Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The perception of subsecond durations in adults with autism spectrum disorder (hereafter 'autism'; n = 25 Experiment 1, n = 21 Experiment 2) and matched typical adults (n = 24 Experiment 1, n = 22 Experiment 2) was examined by requiring participants to perform an action in time with auditory (Experiment 1) or visual (Experiment 2) events. Individuals with autism performed comparably to typical participants in the auditory task and exhibited less temporal error relative to their typical counterparts in the visual task. These findings suggest that perception of subsecond intervals is intact in autism, if not enhanced. Results support recent Bayesian theories of enhanced visual-perceptual precision in people with autism, and extend empirical support into the precision of subsecond temporal estimates. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3725-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=382 [article] Brief Report: Typical Auditory-Motor and Enhanced Visual-Motor Temporal Synchronization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / Rosanna EDEY, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur . - p.788-793. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-2 (February 2019) . - p.788-793 Mots-clés : Audition  Sensorimotor coordination  Time perception  Vision Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The perception of subsecond durations in adults with autism spectrum disorder (hereafter 'autism'; n = 25 Experiment 1, n = 21 Experiment 2) and matched typical adults (n = 24 Experiment 1, n = 22 Experiment 2) was examined by requiring participants to perform an action in time with auditory (Experiment 1) or visual (Experiment 2) events. Individuals with autism performed comparably to typical participants in the auditory task and exhibited less temporal error relative to their typical counterparts in the visual task. These findings suggest that perception of subsecond intervals is intact in autism, if not enhanced. Results support recent Bayesian theories of enhanced visual-perceptual precision in people with autism, and extend empirical support into the precision of subsecond temporal estimates. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3725-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=382

Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Rebecca BREWER in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.262-271 Titre : Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Federica BIOTTI, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.262-271 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : social cognition  face perception  cognitive neuroscience  expression production Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The difficulties encountered by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when interacting with neurotypical (NT, i.e. nonautistic) individuals are usually attributed to failure to recognize the emotions and mental states of their NT interaction partner. It is also possible, however, that at least some of the difficulty is due to a failure of NT individuals to read the mental and emotional states of ASD interaction partners. Previous research has frequently observed deficits of typical facial emotion recognition in individuals with ASD, suggesting atypical representations of emotional expressions. Relatively little research, however, has investigated the ability of individuals with ASD to produce recognizable emotional expressions, and thus, whether NT individuals can recognize autistic emotional expressions. The few studies which have investigated this have used only NT observers, making it impossible to determine whether atypical representations are shared among individuals with ASD, or idiosyncratic. This study investigated NT and ASD participants’ ability to recognize emotional expressions produced by NT and ASD posers. Three posing conditions were included, to determine whether potential group differences are due to atypical cognitive representations of emotion, impaired understanding of the communicative value of expressions, or poor proprioceptive feedback. Results indicated that ASD expressions were recognized less well than NT expressions, and that this is likely due to a genuine deficit in the representation of typical emotional expressions in this population. Further, ASD expressions were equally poorly recognized by NT individuals and those with ASD, implicating idiosyncratic, rather than common, atypical representations of emotional expressions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders [texte imprimé] / Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Federica BIOTTI, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.262-271. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.262-271 Mots-clés : social cognition  face perception  cognitive neuroscience  expression production Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The difficulties encountered by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when interacting with neurotypical (NT, i.e. nonautistic) individuals are usually attributed to failure to recognize the emotions and mental states of their NT interaction partner. It is also possible, however, that at least some of the difficulty is due to a failure of NT individuals to read the mental and emotional states of ASD interaction partners. Previous research has frequently observed deficits of typical facial emotion recognition in individuals with ASD, suggesting atypical representations of emotional expressions. Relatively little research, however, has investigated the ability of individuals with ASD to produce recognizable emotional expressions, and thus, whether NT individuals can recognize autistic emotional expressions. The few studies which have investigated this have used only NT observers, making it impossible to determine whether atypical representations are shared among individuals with ASD, or idiosyncratic. This study investigated NT and ASD participants’ ability to recognize emotional expressions produced by NT and ASD posers. Three posing conditions were included, to determine whether potential group differences are due to atypical cognitive representations of emotion, impaired understanding of the communicative value of expressions, or poor proprioceptive feedback. Results indicated that ASD expressions were recognized less well than NT expressions, and that this is likely due to a genuine deficit in the representation of typical emotional expressions in this population. Further, ASD expressions were equally poorly recognized by NT individuals and those with ASD, implicating idiosyncratic, rather than common, atypical representations of emotional expressions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults / Richard COOK in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.481-490 Titre : Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.481-490 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  adaptation  aftereffects  facial identity  facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults [texte imprimé] / Richard COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.481-490. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.481-490 Mots-clés : autism  adaptation  aftereffects  facial identity  facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Non-autistic adults can recognize posed autistic facial expressions: Implications for internal representations of emotion / Andrew J. LAMPI in Autism Research, 16-7 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-7 (July 2023) . - p.1321-1334 Titre : Non-autistic adults can recognize posed autistic facial expressions: Implications for internal representations of emotion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Andrew J. LAMPI, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Vikram K. JASWAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1321-1334 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic people report that their emotional expressions are sometimes misunderstood by non-autistic people. One explanation for these misunderstandings could be that the two neurotypes have different internal representations of emotion: Perhaps they have different expectations about what a facial expression showing a particular emotion looks like. In three well-powered studies with non-autistic college students in the United States (total N=632), we investigated this possibility. In Study 1, participants recognized most facial expressions posed by autistic individuals more accurately than those posed by non-autistic individuals. Study 2 showed that one reason the autistic expressions were recognized more accurately was because they were better and more intense examples of the intended expressions than the non-autistic expressions. In Study 3, we used a set of expressions created by autistic and non-autistic individuals who could see their faces as they made the expressions, which could allow them to explicitly match the expression they produced with their internal representation of that emotional expression. Here, neither autistic expressions nor non-autistic expressions were consistently recognized more accurately. In short, these findings suggest that differences in internal representations of what emotional expressions look like are unlikely to play a major role in explaining why non-autistic people sometimes misunderstand the emotions autistic people are experiencing. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510 [article] Non-autistic adults can recognize posed autistic facial expressions: Implications for internal representations of emotion [texte imprimé] / Andrew J. LAMPI, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Vikram K. JASWAL, Auteur . - p.1321-1334. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-7 (July 2023) . - p.1321-1334 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic people report that their emotional expressions are sometimes misunderstood by non-autistic people. One explanation for these misunderstandings could be that the two neurotypes have different internal representations of emotion: Perhaps they have different expectations about what a facial expression showing a particular emotion looks like. In three well-powered studies with non-autistic college students in the United States (total N=632), we investigated this possibility. In Study 1, participants recognized most facial expressions posed by autistic individuals more accurately than those posed by non-autistic individuals. Study 2 showed that one reason the autistic expressions were recognized more accurately was because they were better and more intense examples of the intended expressions than the non-autistic expressions. In Study 3, we used a set of expressions created by autistic and non-autistic individuals who could see their faces as they made the expressions, which could allow them to explicitly match the expression they produced with their internal representation of that emotional expression. Here, neither autistic expressions nor non-autistic expressions were consistently recognized more accurately. In short, these findings suggest that differences in internal representations of what emotional expressions look like are unlikely to play a major role in explaining why non-autistic people sometimes misunderstand the emotions autistic people are experiencing. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510

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