Dépouillements

The value of brain imaging in the study of development and its disorders / Chris D. FRITH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.979–982 Titre : The value of brain imaging in the study of development and its disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chris D. FRITH, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.979–982 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01690.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=786 [article] The value of brain imaging in the study of development and its disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chris D. FRITH, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.979–982. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.979–982 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01690.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=786

A primer on brain imaging in developmental psychopathology: What is it good for? / Daniel Samuel PINE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.983–986 Titre : A primer on brain imaging in developmental psychopathology: What is it good for? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.983–986 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This primer introduces a Special Section on brain imaging, which includes a commentary and 10 data papers presenting applications of brain imaging to questions on developmental psychopathology. This primer serves two purposes. First, the article summarizes the strength and weaknesses of various brain-imaging techniques typically employed in research on developmental psychopathology. Second, the article places research on brain imaging in a broader context by discussing particular limitations and utilities of imaging. Specifically, while brain imaging is currently of limited clinical utility, work in this area is beginning to shape clinical thinking. Brain-imaging research offers a unique opportunity to constrain theories of pathophysiology based on understandings of brain function. This effect promises to open avenues for novel treatments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01686.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=787 [article] A primer on brain imaging in developmental psychopathology: What is it good for? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.983–986. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.983–986 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This primer introduces a Special Section on brain imaging, which includes a commentary and 10 data papers presenting applications of brain imaging to questions on developmental psychopathology. This primer serves two purposes. First, the article summarizes the strength and weaknesses of various brain-imaging techniques typically employed in research on developmental psychopathology. Second, the article places research on brain imaging in a broader context by discussing particular limitations and utilities of imaging. Specifically, while brain imaging is currently of limited clinical utility, work in this area is beginning to shape clinical thinking. Brain-imaging research offers a unique opportunity to constrain theories of pathophysiology based on understandings of brain function. This effect promises to open avenues for novel treatments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01686.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=787

A pediatric twin study of brain morphometry / Gregory L. WALLACE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.987–993 Titre : A pediatric twin study of brain morphometry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Michael A. ROSENTHAL, Auteur ; Michael C. NEALE, Auteur ; Kenneth S. KENDLER, Auteur ; Liv S. CLASEN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. MOLLOY, Auteur ; Sarah ORDAZ, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Rhoshel LENROOT, Auteur ; J. Eric SCHMITT, Auteur ; Jay N. GIEDD, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.987–993 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Brain-development brain-imaging pediatric twin behavioral-genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging studies have demonstrated increasing volumes of white matter and regionally-specific inverted U shaped developmental trajectories of gray matter volumes during childhood and adolescence. Studies of monozygotic and dyzygotic twins during this developmental period allow exploration of genetic and non-genetic influences on these developmental trajectories. Method: Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were acquired on a pediatric sample of 90 monozygotic twin pairs, 38 same-sex dyzygotic twin pairs, and 158 unrelated typically developing singletons. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the additive genetic, common environment, and unique environment effects, as well as age by heritability interactions, on measures of brain volumes from these images. Results: Consistent with previous adult studies, additive genetic effects accounted for a substantial portion of variability in nearly all brain regions with the notable exception of the cerebellum. Significant age by heritability interactions were observed with gray matter volumes showing a reduction in heritability with increasing age, while white matter volume heritability increased with greater age. Conclusion: Understanding the relative contributions of genetic and nongenetic factors on developmental brain trajectories may have implications for better understanding brain-based disorders and typical cognitive development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01676.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=788 [article] A pediatric twin study of brain morphometry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Michael A. ROSENTHAL, Auteur ; Michael C. NEALE, Auteur ; Kenneth S. KENDLER, Auteur ; Liv S. CLASEN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. MOLLOY, Auteur ; Sarah ORDAZ, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Rhoshel LENROOT, Auteur ; J. Eric SCHMITT, Auteur ; Jay N. GIEDD, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.987–993. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.987–993 Mots-clés : Brain-development brain-imaging pediatric twin behavioral-genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging studies have demonstrated increasing volumes of white matter and regionally-specific inverted U shaped developmental trajectories of gray matter volumes during childhood and adolescence. Studies of monozygotic and dyzygotic twins during this developmental period allow exploration of genetic and non-genetic influences on these developmental trajectories. Method: Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were acquired on a pediatric sample of 90 monozygotic twin pairs, 38 same-sex dyzygotic twin pairs, and 158 unrelated typically developing singletons. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the additive genetic, common environment, and unique environment effects, as well as age by heritability interactions, on measures of brain volumes from these images. Results: Consistent with previous adult studies, additive genetic effects accounted for a substantial portion of variability in nearly all brain regions with the notable exception of the cerebellum. Significant age by heritability interactions were observed with gray matter volumes showing a reduction in heritability with increasing age, while white matter volume heritability increased with greater age. Conclusion: Understanding the relative contributions of genetic and nongenetic factors on developmental brain trajectories may have implications for better understanding brain-based disorders and typical cognitive development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01676.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=788

Structure and function of the superior temporal plane in adult males with cleft lip and palate: pathologic enlargement with no relationship to childhood hearing deficits / A.S. SHRIVER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.994–1002 Titre : Structure and function of the superior temporal plane in adult males with cleft lip and palate: pathologic enlargement with no relationship to childhood hearing deficits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A.S. SHRIVER, Auteur ; J. CANADY, Auteur ; L. RICHMAN, Auteur ; N.C. ANDREASEN, Auteur ; P. NOPOULOS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.994–1002 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : MRI cleft-lip/palate superior-temporal-plane pathologic-enlargement brain-imaging hearing intelligence language otitis-media Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: In a previous study from our lab, adult males with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) were shown to have significantly lower temporal lobe gray matter volume than matched controls. The current study was designed to begin a regional analysis of specific subregions of the temporal lobe. The superior temporal plane (STP) is a brain region involved in the governance of auditory processing and aspects of language. The cognitive deficit of subjects with NSCLP is characterized by specific deficits in language; therefore this region of the temporal lobe is particularly important to investigate in this population. The STP has been found to be structurally abnormal in subjects with dyslexia, another developmental disorder involving language deficit. The hypothesis for the current study was that the STP in subjects with NSCLP would be structurally abnormal and that the abnormality would be related to cognitive deficit, but not to developmental hearing deficit. Methods: Manual tracing of the STP in NSCLP males and matched controls was performed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Ratios of STP to total temporal lobe gray matter volume were calculated and compared across groups. In addition, the morphology of the STP was correlated to cognitive function as well as measures of hearing deficit during infancy and childhood. Results: Despite overall deficit in temporal lobe gray matter, the STP is disproportionately large in subjects with NSCLP compared to controls. Further, gray matter volume of the STP was inversely correlated with IQ and language test scores in CLP subjects. Hearing loss throughout childhood and adulthood was not significantly correlated with brain morphology. Conclusions: The structure of the superior temporal plane in adult males with NSCLP was disproportionately large. This abnormally increased volume was directly related to IQ, with greater STP volume being associated with lower cognitive functioning, thus characterizing the finding as 'pathologic enlargement'. Moreover, there was no relationship between the structure of the STP and measures of childhood hearing impairment, supporting the notion that the language deficits of this population are more likely due to abnormal brain development than to the effects of hearing deficit during childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01679.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=789 [article] Structure and function of the superior temporal plane in adult males with cleft lip and palate: pathologic enlargement with no relationship to childhood hearing deficits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A.S. SHRIVER, Auteur ; J. CANADY, Auteur ; L. RICHMAN, Auteur ; N.C. ANDREASEN, Auteur ; P. NOPOULOS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.994–1002. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.994–1002 Mots-clés : MRI cleft-lip/palate superior-temporal-plane pathologic-enlargement brain-imaging hearing intelligence language otitis-media Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: In a previous study from our lab, adult males with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) were shown to have significantly lower temporal lobe gray matter volume than matched controls. The current study was designed to begin a regional analysis of specific subregions of the temporal lobe. The superior temporal plane (STP) is a brain region involved in the governance of auditory processing and aspects of language. The cognitive deficit of subjects with NSCLP is characterized by specific deficits in language; therefore this region of the temporal lobe is particularly important to investigate in this population. The STP has been found to be structurally abnormal in subjects with dyslexia, another developmental disorder involving language deficit. The hypothesis for the current study was that the STP in subjects with NSCLP would be structurally abnormal and that the abnormality would be related to cognitive deficit, but not to developmental hearing deficit. Methods: Manual tracing of the STP in NSCLP males and matched controls was performed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Ratios of STP to total temporal lobe gray matter volume were calculated and compared across groups. In addition, the morphology of the STP was correlated to cognitive function as well as measures of hearing deficit during infancy and childhood. Results: Despite overall deficit in temporal lobe gray matter, the STP is disproportionately large in subjects with NSCLP compared to controls. Further, gray matter volume of the STP was inversely correlated with IQ and language test scores in CLP subjects. Hearing loss throughout childhood and adulthood was not significantly correlated with brain morphology. Conclusions: The structure of the superior temporal plane in adult males with NSCLP was disproportionately large. This abnormally increased volume was directly related to IQ, with greater STP volume being associated with lower cognitive functioning, thus characterizing the finding as 'pathologic enlargement'. Moreover, there was no relationship between the structure of the STP and measures of childhood hearing impairment, supporting the notion that the language deficits of this population are more likely due to abnormal brain development than to the effects of hearing deficit during childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01679.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=789

Childhood onset schizophrenia: cortical brain abnormalities as young adults / Deanna GREENSTEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1003–1012 Titre : Childhood onset schizophrenia: cortical brain abnormalities as young adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Deanna GREENSTEIN, Auteur ; Liv S. CLASEN, Auteur ; Jay N. GIEDD, Auteur ; Jason LERCH, Auteur ; Philip SHAW, Auteur ; Peter GOCHMAN, Auteur ; Judith RAPOPORT, Auteur ; Nitin GOGTAY, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1003–1012 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood-onset-schizophrenia MRI cortical-thickness development neurodevelopment schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare but severe form of the adult onset disorder. While structural brain imaging studies show robust, widespread, and progressive gray matter loss in COS during adolescence, there have been no longitudinal studies of sufficient duration to examine comparability with the more common adult onset illness. Methods: Neuro-anatomic magnetic resonance scans were obtained prospectively from ages 7 through 26 in 70 children diagnosed with COS and age and sex matched healthy controls. Cortical thickness was measured at 40,962 points across the cerebral hemispheres using a novel, fully automated, validated method. Patterns of patient–control differences in cortical development were compared over a 19-year period. Results: Throughout the age range, the COS group had significantly smaller mean cortical thickness compared to controls. However, the COS brain developmental trajectory appeared to normalize in posterior (parietal) regions, and remained divergent in the anterior regions (frontal and temporal) regions, and the pattern of loss became more like that seen in adults. Conclusions: Cortical thickness loss in COS appears to localize with age to prefrontal and temporal regions that are seen for both medication naïve and medicated adult onset patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01658.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=790 [article] Childhood onset schizophrenia: cortical brain abnormalities as young adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Deanna GREENSTEIN, Auteur ; Liv S. CLASEN, Auteur ; Jay N. GIEDD, Auteur ; Jason LERCH, Auteur ; Philip SHAW, Auteur ; Peter GOCHMAN, Auteur ; Judith RAPOPORT, Auteur ; Nitin GOGTAY, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1003–1012. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1003–1012 Mots-clés : Childhood-onset-schizophrenia MRI cortical-thickness development neurodevelopment schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare but severe form of the adult onset disorder. While structural brain imaging studies show robust, widespread, and progressive gray matter loss in COS during adolescence, there have been no longitudinal studies of sufficient duration to examine comparability with the more common adult onset illness. Methods: Neuro-anatomic magnetic resonance scans were obtained prospectively from ages 7 through 26 in 70 children diagnosed with COS and age and sex matched healthy controls. Cortical thickness was measured at 40,962 points across the cerebral hemispheres using a novel, fully automated, validated method. Patterns of patient–control differences in cortical development were compared over a 19-year period. Results: Throughout the age range, the COS group had significantly smaller mean cortical thickness compared to controls. However, the COS brain developmental trajectory appeared to normalize in posterior (parietal) regions, and remained divergent in the anterior regions (frontal and temporal) regions, and the pattern of loss became more like that seen in adults. Conclusions: Cortical thickness loss in COS appears to localize with age to prefrontal and temporal regions that are seen for both medication naïve and medicated adult onset patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01658.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=790

Reduced white matter connectivity in the corpus callosum of children with Tourette syndrome / Kerstin J. PLESSEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1013–1022 Titre : Reduced white matter connectivity in the corpus callosum of children with Tourette syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kerstin J. PLESSEN, Auteur ; Astri J. LUNDERVOLD, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur ; Achim GASS, Auteur ; Stein Atle LIE, Auteur ; Tore WENTZEL-LARSEN, Auteur ; Åsa HAMMAR, Auteur ; Ravi BANSAL, Auteur ; Dongrong XU, Auteur ; Jochen G. HIRSCH, Auteur ; Arvid LUNDERVOLD, Auteur ; Renate GRUNER, Auteur ; Kenneth HUGDAHL, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1013–1022 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Tourette-syndrome brain-development brain-imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Brain imaging studies have revealed anatomical anomalies in the brains of individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS). Prefrontal regions have been found to be larger and the corpus callosum (CC) area smaller in children and young adults with TS compared with healthy control subjects, and these anatomical features have been understood to reflect neural plasticity that helps to attenuate the severity of tics. Method: CC white matter connectivity, as measured by the Fractional Anisotropy (FA) index from diffusion tensor images, was assessed in 20 clinically well-defined boys with Tourette syndrome and 20 age- and gender-matched controls. Results: The hypothesis that children with TS would show reduced measures of connectivity in CC fibers was confirmed for all subregions of the CC. There was no significant interaction of TS and region. Reductions in FA in CC regions may reflect either fewer interhemispheric fibers or reduced axonal myelination. FA values did not correlate significantly with the severity of tic symptoms. Group differences in measures of connectivity did not seem to be attributable to the presence of comorbid ADHD or OCD, to medication exposure, or group differences in IQ. Conclusion: Our findings of a reduced interhemispheral white matter connectivity add to the understanding of neural connectivity and plasticity in the brains of children who have TS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01639.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=791 [article] Reduced white matter connectivity in the corpus callosum of children with Tourette syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kerstin J. PLESSEN, Auteur ; Astri J. LUNDERVOLD, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur ; Achim GASS, Auteur ; Stein Atle LIE, Auteur ; Tore WENTZEL-LARSEN, Auteur ; Åsa HAMMAR, Auteur ; Ravi BANSAL, Auteur ; Dongrong XU, Auteur ; Jochen G. HIRSCH, Auteur ; Arvid LUNDERVOLD, Auteur ; Renate GRUNER, Auteur ; Kenneth HUGDAHL, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1013–1022. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1013–1022 Mots-clés : Tourette-syndrome brain-development brain-imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Brain imaging studies have revealed anatomical anomalies in the brains of individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS). Prefrontal regions have been found to be larger and the corpus callosum (CC) area smaller in children and young adults with TS compared with healthy control subjects, and these anatomical features have been understood to reflect neural plasticity that helps to attenuate the severity of tics. Method: CC white matter connectivity, as measured by the Fractional Anisotropy (FA) index from diffusion tensor images, was assessed in 20 clinically well-defined boys with Tourette syndrome and 20 age- and gender-matched controls. Results: The hypothesis that children with TS would show reduced measures of connectivity in CC fibers was confirmed for all subregions of the CC. There was no significant interaction of TS and region. Reductions in FA in CC regions may reflect either fewer interhemispheric fibers or reduced axonal myelination. FA values did not correlate significantly with the severity of tic symptoms. Group differences in measures of connectivity did not seem to be attributable to the presence of comorbid ADHD or OCD, to medication exposure, or group differences in IQ. Conclusion: Our findings of a reduced interhemispheral white matter connectivity add to the understanding of neural connectivity and plasticity in the brains of children who have TS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01639.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=791

An fMRI examination of developmental differences in the neural correlates of uncertainty and decision-making / Amy L. KRAIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1023–1030 Titre : An fMRI examination of developmental differences in the neural correlates of uncertainty and decision-making Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Amy L. KRAIN, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Sara HEFTON, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Rachel G. KLEIN, Auteur ; Michael P. MILHAM, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1023–1030 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence anxiety brain-imaging development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Maturation of prefrontal circuits during adolescence contributes to the development of cognitive processes such as decision-making. Recent theories suggest that these neural changes also play a role in the shift from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) to depression that often occurs during this developmental period. Cognitive models of the development of GAD highlight the role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which can be characterized behaviorally by impairments in decision-making. The present study examines potential developmental differences in frontal regions associated with uncertain decision-making, and tests the impact of IU on these circuits. Methods: Twelve healthy adults (ages 19–36) and 12 healthy adolescents (ages 13–17) completed a decision-making task with conditions of varied uncertainty while fMRI scans were acquired. They also completed measures of worry and IU, and a questionnaire about their levels of anxiety and certainty during the task. Results: Combined group analyses demonstrated significant linear effects of uncertainty on activity within anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis found a significant interaction of group and IU ratings in ACC. Increased IU was associated with robust linear increases in ACC activity only in adolescents. An ROI analysis of feedback-related processing found that adolescents demonstrated greater activation during incorrect trials relative to correct trials, while the adults showed no difference in neural activity associated with incorrect and correct feedback. Conclusions: This decision-making task was shown to be effective at eliciting uncertainty-related ACC activity in adults and adolescents. Further, IU impacts ACC activity in adolescents during uncertain decision-making, providing preliminary support for a developmental model of GAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01677.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=792 [article] An fMRI examination of developmental differences in the neural correlates of uncertainty and decision-making [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Amy L. KRAIN, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur ; Sara HEFTON, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Rachel G. KLEIN, Auteur ; Michael P. MILHAM, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1023–1030. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1023–1030 Mots-clés : Adolescence anxiety brain-imaging development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Maturation of prefrontal circuits during adolescence contributes to the development of cognitive processes such as decision-making. Recent theories suggest that these neural changes also play a role in the shift from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) to depression that often occurs during this developmental period. Cognitive models of the development of GAD highlight the role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which can be characterized behaviorally by impairments in decision-making. The present study examines potential developmental differences in frontal regions associated with uncertain decision-making, and tests the impact of IU on these circuits. Methods: Twelve healthy adults (ages 19–36) and 12 healthy adolescents (ages 13–17) completed a decision-making task with conditions of varied uncertainty while fMRI scans were acquired. They also completed measures of worry and IU, and a questionnaire about their levels of anxiety and certainty during the task. Results: Combined group analyses demonstrated significant linear effects of uncertainty on activity within anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis found a significant interaction of group and IU ratings in ACC. Increased IU was associated with robust linear increases in ACC activity only in adolescents. An ROI analysis of feedback-related processing found that adolescents demonstrated greater activation during incorrect trials relative to correct trials, while the adults showed no difference in neural activity associated with incorrect and correct feedback. Conclusions: This decision-making task was shown to be effective at eliciting uncertainty-related ACC activity in adults and adolescents. Further, IU impacts ACC activity in adolescents during uncertain decision-making, providing preliminary support for a developmental model of GAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01677.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=792

Reward-related decision-making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study / Erika E. FORBES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1031–1040 Titre : Reward-related decision-making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Erika E. FORBES, Auteur ; Boris BIRMAHER, Auteur ; David A. AXELSON, Auteur ; J. Christopher MAY, Auteur ; Greg J. SIEGLE, Auteur ; Cecile D. LADOUCEUR, Auteur ; Neal D. RYAN, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1031–1040 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Depression reward decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Although reward processing is considered an important part of affective functioning, few studies have investigated reward-related decisions or responses in young people with affective disorders. Depression is postulated to involve decreased activity in reward-related affective systems. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined behavioral and neural responses to reward in young people with depressive disorders using a reward decision-making task. The task involved choices about possible rewards involving varying magnitude and probability of reward. The study design allowed the separation of decision/anticipation and outcome phases of reward processing. Participants were 9–17 years old and had diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, or no history of psychiatric disorder. Results: Participants with MDD exhibited less neural response than control participants in reward-related brain areas during both phases of the task. Group differences did not appear to be a function of anxiety. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with activation in reward-related brain areas. Conclusions: Results suggest that depression involves altered reward processing and underscore the need for further investigation of relations among development, affective disorders, and reward processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01673.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=793 [article] Reward-related decision-making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Erika E. FORBES, Auteur ; Boris BIRMAHER, Auteur ; David A. AXELSON, Auteur ; J. Christopher MAY, Auteur ; Greg J. SIEGLE, Auteur ; Cecile D. LADOUCEUR, Auteur ; Neal D. RYAN, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1031–1040. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1031–1040 Mots-clés : Depression reward decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Although reward processing is considered an important part of affective functioning, few studies have investigated reward-related decisions or responses in young people with affective disorders. Depression is postulated to involve decreased activity in reward-related affective systems. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined behavioral and neural responses to reward in young people with depressive disorders using a reward decision-making task. The task involved choices about possible rewards involving varying magnitude and probability of reward. The study design allowed the separation of decision/anticipation and outcome phases of reward processing. Participants were 9–17 years old and had diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, or no history of psychiatric disorder. Results: Participants with MDD exhibited less neural response than control participants in reward-related brain areas during both phases of the task. Group differences did not appear to be a function of anxiety. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with activation in reward-related brain areas. Conclusions: Results suggest that depression involves altered reward processing and underscore the need for further investigation of relations among development, affective disorders, and reward processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01673.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=793

Deficient orthographic and phonological representations in children with dyslexia revealed by brain activation patterns / Fan CAO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1041–1050 Titre : Deficient orthographic and phonological representations in children with dyslexia revealed by brain activation patterns Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Fan CAO, Auteur ; Tali BITAN, Auteur ; Tai-Li CHOU, Auteur ; Douglas D. BURMAN, Auteur ; James R. BOOTH, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1041–1050 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Brain-imaging dyslexia learning-difficulties magnetic-resonance-imaging phonological processing reading-disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The current study examined the neuro-cognitive network of visual word rhyming judgment in 14 children with dyslexia and 14 age-matched control children (8- to 14-year-olds) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: In order to manipulate the difficulty of mapping orthography to phonology, we used conflicting and non-conflicting trials. The words in conflicting trials either had similar orthography but different phonology (e.g., pint-mint) or similar phonology but different orthography (e.g., jazz-has). The words in non-conflicting trials had similar orthography and phonology (e.g., gate-hate) or different orthography and phonology (e.g., press-list). Results: There were no differences in brain activation between the controls and children with dyslexia in the easier non-conflicting trials. However, the children with dyslexia showed less activation than the controls in left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45/44/47/9), left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), left inferior temporal gyrus/fusiform gyrus (BA 20/37) and left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) for the more difficult conflicting trials. For the direct comparison of conflicting minus non-conflicting trials, controls showed greater activation than children with dyslexia in left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 9/45/46) and medial frontal gyrus (BA 8). Children with dyslexia did not show greater activation than controls for any comparison. Conclusions: Reduced activation in these regions suggests that children with dyslexia have deficient orthographic representations in ventral temporal cortex as well as deficits in mapping between orthographic and phonological representations in inferior parietal cortex. The greater activation for the controls in inferior frontal gyrus could reflect more effective top-down modulation of posterior representations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01684.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=794 [article] Deficient orthographic and phonological representations in children with dyslexia revealed by brain activation patterns [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Fan CAO, Auteur ; Tali BITAN, Auteur ; Tai-Li CHOU, Auteur ; Douglas D. BURMAN, Auteur ; James R. BOOTH, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1041–1050. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1041–1050 Mots-clés : Brain-imaging dyslexia learning-difficulties magnetic-resonance-imaging phonological processing reading-disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The current study examined the neuro-cognitive network of visual word rhyming judgment in 14 children with dyslexia and 14 age-matched control children (8- to 14-year-olds) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: In order to manipulate the difficulty of mapping orthography to phonology, we used conflicting and non-conflicting trials. The words in conflicting trials either had similar orthography but different phonology (e.g., pint-mint) or similar phonology but different orthography (e.g., jazz-has). The words in non-conflicting trials had similar orthography and phonology (e.g., gate-hate) or different orthography and phonology (e.g., press-list). Results: There were no differences in brain activation between the controls and children with dyslexia in the easier non-conflicting trials. However, the children with dyslexia showed less activation than the controls in left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45/44/47/9), left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), left inferior temporal gyrus/fusiform gyrus (BA 20/37) and left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) for the more difficult conflicting trials. For the direct comparison of conflicting minus non-conflicting trials, controls showed greater activation than children with dyslexia in left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 9/45/46) and medial frontal gyrus (BA 8). Children with dyslexia did not show greater activation than controls for any comparison. Conclusions: Reduced activation in these regions suggests that children with dyslexia have deficient orthographic representations in ventral temporal cortex as well as deficits in mapping between orthographic and phonological representations in inferior parietal cortex. The greater activation for the controls in inferior frontal gyrus could reflect more effective top-down modulation of posterior representations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01684.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=794

The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an ALE meta-analysis / Steven G. DICKSTEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1051–1062 Titre : The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an ALE meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Steven G. DICKSTEIN, Auteur ; Michael P. MILHAM, Auteur ; Katie BANNON, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1051–1062 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder-(ADHD) meta-analysis neuroimaging functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-(fMRI) positron-emission-tomography-(PET) executive-function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent and commonly studied forms of psychopathology in children and adolescents. Causal models of ADHD have long implicated dysfunction in fronto-striatal and frontal-parietal networks supporting executive function, a hypothesis that can now be examined systematically using functional neuroimaging. The present work provides an objective, unbiased statistically-based meta-analysis of published functional neuroimaging studies of ADHD. Methods: A recently developed voxel-wise quantitative meta-analytic technique known as activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was applied to 16 neuroimaging studies examining and contrasting patterns of neural activity in patients with ADHD and healthy controls. Voxel-wise results are reported using a statistical threshold of p < .05, corrected. Given the large number of studies examining response inhibition, additional meta-analyses focusing specifically on group differences in the neural correlates of inhibition were included. Results: Across studies, significant patterns of frontal hypoactivity were detected in patients with ADHD, affecting anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, and inferior prefrontal cortices, as well as related regions including basal ganglia, thalamus, and portions of parietal cortex. When focusing on studies of response inhibition alone, a more limited set of group differences were observed, including inferior prefrontal cortex, medial wall regions, and the precentral gyrus. In contrast, analyses focusing on studies of constructs other than response inhibition revealed a more extensive pattern of hypofunction in patients with ADHD than those of response inhibition. Conclusions: To date, the most consistent findings in the neuroimaging literature of ADHD are deficits in neural activity within fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits. The distributed nature of these results fails to support models emphasizing dysfunction in any one frontal sub-region. While our findings are suggestive of the primacy of deficits in frontal-based neural circuitry underlying ADHD, we discuss potential biases in the literature that need to be addressed before such a conclusion can be fully embraced. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01671.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=795 [article] The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an ALE meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Steven G. DICKSTEIN, Auteur ; Michael P. MILHAM, Auteur ; Katie BANNON, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1051–1062. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1051–1062 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder-(ADHD) meta-analysis neuroimaging functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-(fMRI) positron-emission-tomography-(PET) executive-function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent and commonly studied forms of psychopathology in children and adolescents. Causal models of ADHD have long implicated dysfunction in fronto-striatal and frontal-parietal networks supporting executive function, a hypothesis that can now be examined systematically using functional neuroimaging. The present work provides an objective, unbiased statistically-based meta-analysis of published functional neuroimaging studies of ADHD. Methods: A recently developed voxel-wise quantitative meta-analytic technique known as activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was applied to 16 neuroimaging studies examining and contrasting patterns of neural activity in patients with ADHD and healthy controls. Voxel-wise results are reported using a statistical threshold of p < .05, corrected. Given the large number of studies examining response inhibition, additional meta-analyses focusing specifically on group differences in the neural correlates of inhibition were included. Results: Across studies, significant patterns of frontal hypoactivity were detected in patients with ADHD, affecting anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, and inferior prefrontal cortices, as well as related regions including basal ganglia, thalamus, and portions of parietal cortex. When focusing on studies of response inhibition alone, a more limited set of group differences were observed, including inferior prefrontal cortex, medial wall regions, and the precentral gyrus. In contrast, analyses focusing on studies of constructs other than response inhibition revealed a more extensive pattern of hypofunction in patients with ADHD than those of response inhibition. Conclusions: To date, the most consistent findings in the neuroimaging literature of ADHD are deficits in neural activity within fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits. The distributed nature of these results fails to support models emphasizing dysfunction in any one frontal sub-region. While our findings are suggestive of the primacy of deficits in frontal-based neural circuitry underlying ADHD, we discuss potential biases in the literature that need to be addressed before such a conclusion can be fully embraced. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01671.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=795

Electrocortical reflections of face and gaze processing in children with pervasive developmental disorder / C. KEMNER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1063–1072 Titre : Electrocortical reflections of face and gaze processing in children with pervasive developmental disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. KEMNER, Auteur ; A-M. SCHULLER, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1063–1072 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pervasive-developmental-disorder face eye-gaze cueing N170 ERP Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) show behavioral abnormalities in gaze and face processing, but recent studies have indicated that normal activation of face-specific brain areas in response to faces is possible in this group. It is not clear whether the brain activity related to gaze processing is also normal in children with PDD. Methods: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were measured during two spatial attention tasks in which a centrally presented stimulus served as cue for the location of a forthcoming target. In one task faces were used as cues, and in the other arrows. Seventeen children with PDD and 18 age- and IQ-matched control children were tested. Results: Face stimuli elicited the same specific ERP activity in both groups. Also, both children with PDD and controls showed shorter reaction times as well as larger amplitudes and shorter latency times of several ERP peaks to congruently cued targets than to incongruently cued targets in both tasks. However, children with PDD showed abnormally small occipital ERPs in response to both face and arrow stimuli. Conclusions: The results provide evidence for the capability of normal processing of face and gaze change in children with PDD. The smaller occipital activity might be related to more general abnormalities in perception. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01678.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=796 [article] Electrocortical reflections of face and gaze processing in children with pervasive developmental disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. KEMNER, Auteur ; A-M. SCHULLER, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1063–1072. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1063–1072 Mots-clés : Pervasive-developmental-disorder face eye-gaze cueing N170 ERP Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) show behavioral abnormalities in gaze and face processing, but recent studies have indicated that normal activation of face-specific brain areas in response to faces is possible in this group. It is not clear whether the brain activity related to gaze processing is also normal in children with PDD. Methods: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were measured during two spatial attention tasks in which a centrally presented stimulus served as cue for the location of a forthcoming target. In one task faces were used as cues, and in the other arrows. Seventeen children with PDD and 18 age- and IQ-matched control children were tested. Results: Face stimuli elicited the same specific ERP activity in both groups. Also, both children with PDD and controls showed shorter reaction times as well as larger amplitudes and shorter latency times of several ERP peaks to congruently cued targets than to incongruently cued targets in both tasks. However, children with PDD showed abnormally small occipital ERPs in response to both face and arrow stimuli. Conclusions: The results provide evidence for the capability of normal processing of face and gaze change in children with PDD. The smaller occipital activity might be related to more general abnormalities in perception. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01678.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=796

Increased error-related negativity (ERN) in childhood anxiety disorders: ERP and source localization / Cecile D. LADOUCEUR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1073–1082 Titre : Increased error-related negativity (ERN) in childhood anxiety disorders: ERP and source localization Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cecile D. LADOUCEUR, Auteur ; Boris BIRMAHER, Auteur ; David A. AXELSON, Auteur ; Neal D. RYAN, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1073–1082 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Children anxiety-disorders error-related-negativity-(ERN) error-related-positivity-(PE) anterior-cingulate-cortex event-related-potentialssource-localization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: In this study we used event-related potentials (ERPs) and source localization analyses to track the time course of neural activity underlying response monitoring in children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to age-matched low-risk normal controls. Methods: High-density ERPs were examined following errors on a flanker task from 12 children between 8 and 14 years old diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (ANX) and 13 age-matched low-risk normal controls (LRNC). Results: Children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder had increased error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude. The neural generators of the ERN in the ANX group were estimated to be localized in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). There were no significant group differences in PE amplitude. Conclusions: These data provide evidence for increased ERN amplitude localized to the ACC in children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, suggesting altered maturational patterns of the ACC circuitry early in the course of this illness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01654.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=797 [article] Increased error-related negativity (ERN) in childhood anxiety disorders: ERP and source localization [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cecile D. LADOUCEUR, Auteur ; Boris BIRMAHER, Auteur ; David A. AXELSON, Auteur ; Neal D. RYAN, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1073–1082. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1073–1082 Mots-clés : Children anxiety-disorders error-related-negativity-(ERN) error-related-positivity-(PE) anterior-cingulate-cortex event-related-potentialssource-localization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: In this study we used event-related potentials (ERPs) and source localization analyses to track the time course of neural activity underlying response monitoring in children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to age-matched low-risk normal controls. Methods: High-density ERPs were examined following errors on a flanker task from 12 children between 8 and 14 years old diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (ANX) and 13 age-matched low-risk normal controls (LRNC). Results: Children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder had increased error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude. The neural generators of the ERN in the ANX group were estimated to be localized in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). There were no significant group differences in PE amplitude. Conclusions: These data provide evidence for increased ERN amplitude localized to the ACC in children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, suggesting altered maturational patterns of the ACC circuitry early in the course of this illness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01654.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=797