Attention Bias to Emotional Faces Varies by IQ and Anxiety in Williams Syndrome / Lauren M. MCGRATH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2174-2185 Titre : Attention Bias to Emotional Faces Varies by IQ and Anxiety in Williams Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Joyce M. OATES, Auteur ; Yael G. DAI, Auteur ; Helen F. DODD, Auteur ; Jessica L. WAXLER, Auteur ; Caitlin C. CLEMENTS, Auteur ; Sydney WEILL, Auteur ; Alison HOFFNAGLE, Auteur ; Erin ANDERSON, Auteur ; Rebecca MACRAE, Auteur ; Jennifer MULLETT, Auteur ; Christopher J. MCDOUGLE, Auteur ; Barbara R. POBER, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2174-2185 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Williams syndrome  Anxiety  Attention bias  Social dot-probe  Emotional faces Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) often experience significant anxiety. A promising approach to anxiety intervention has emerged from cognitive studies of attention bias to threat. To investigate the utility of this intervention in WS, this study examined attention bias to happy and angry faces in individuals with WS (N = 46). Results showed a significant difference in attention bias patterns as a function of IQ and anxiety. Individuals with higher IQ or higher anxiety showed a significant bias toward angry, but not happy faces, whereas individuals with lower IQ or lower anxiety showed the opposite pattern. These results suggest that attention bias interventions to modify a threat bias may be most effectively targeted to anxious individuals with WS with relatively high IQ. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2748-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Attention Bias to Emotional Faces Varies by IQ and Anxiety in Williams Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Joyce M. OATES, Auteur ; Yael G. DAI, Auteur ; Helen F. DODD, Auteur ; Jessica L. WAXLER, Auteur ; Caitlin C. CLEMENTS, Auteur ; Sydney WEILL, Auteur ; Alison HOFFNAGLE, Auteur ; Erin ANDERSON, Auteur ; Rebecca MACRAE, Auteur ; Jennifer MULLETT, Auteur ; Christopher J. MCDOUGLE, Auteur ; Barbara R. POBER, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur . - p.2174-2185. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2174-2185 Mots-clés : Williams syndrome  Anxiety  Attention bias  Social dot-probe  Emotional faces Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) often experience significant anxiety. A promising approach to anxiety intervention has emerged from cognitive studies of attention bias to threat. To investigate the utility of this intervention in WS, this study examined attention bias to happy and angry faces in individuals with WS (N = 46). Results showed a significant difference in attention bias patterns as a function of IQ and anxiety. Individuals with higher IQ or higher anxiety showed a significant bias toward angry, but not happy faces, whereas individuals with lower IQ or lower anxiety showed the opposite pattern. These results suggest that attention bias interventions to modify a threat bias may be most effectively targeted to anxious individuals with WS with relatively high IQ. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2748-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Bringing a developmental perspective to anxiety genetics / Lauren M. MCGRATH in Development and Psychopathology, 24-4 (November 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 24-4 (November 2012) . - p.1179-1193 Titre : Bringing a developmental perspective to anxiety genetics Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Sydney WEILL, Auteur ; Elise B. ROBINSON, Auteur ; Rebecca MACRAE, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1179-1193 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite substantial recent advancements in psychiatric genetic research, progress in identifying the genetic basis of anxiety disorders has been limited. We review the candidate gene and genome-wide literatures in anxiety, which have made limited progress to date. We discuss several reasons for this hindered progress, including small samples sizes, heterogeneity, complicated comorbidity profiles, and blurred lines between normative and pathological anxiety. To address many of these challenges, we suggest a developmental, multivariate framework that can inform and enhance anxiety phenotypes for genetic research. We review the psychiatric and genetic epidemiological evidence that supports such a framework, including the early onset and chronic course of anxiety disorders, shared genetic risk factors among disorders both within and across time, and developmentally dynamic genetic influences. We propose three strategies for developmentally sensitive phenotyping: examination of early temperamental risk factors, use of latent factors to model underlying anxiety liability, and use of developmental trajectories as phenotypes. Expanding the range of phenotypic approaches will be important for advancing studies of the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000636 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182 [article] Bringing a developmental perspective to anxiety genetics [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Sydney WEILL, Auteur ; Elise B. ROBINSON, Auteur ; Rebecca MACRAE, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1179-1193. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 24-4 (November 2012) . - p.1179-1193 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite substantial recent advancements in psychiatric genetic research, progress in identifying the genetic basis of anxiety disorders has been limited. We review the candidate gene and genome-wide literatures in anxiety, which have made limited progress to date. We discuss several reasons for this hindered progress, including small samples sizes, heterogeneity, complicated comorbidity profiles, and blurred lines between normative and pathological anxiety. To address many of these challenges, we suggest a developmental, multivariate framework that can inform and enhance anxiety phenotypes for genetic research. We review the psychiatric and genetic epidemiological evidence that supports such a framework, including the early onset and chronic course of anxiety disorders, shared genetic risk factors among disorders both within and across time, and developmentally dynamic genetic influences. We propose three strategies for developmentally sensitive phenotyping: examination of early temperamental risk factors, use of latent factors to model underlying anxiety liability, and use of developmental trajectories as phenotypes. Expanding the range of phenotypic approaches will be important for advancing studies of the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000636 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182

Cerebellum, Language, and Cognition in Autism and Specific Language Impairment / Steven M. HODGE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-3 (March 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-3 (March 2010) . - p.300-316 Titre : Cerebellum, Language, and Cognition in Autism and Specific Language Impairment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Steven M. HODGE, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; Jean A. FRAZIER, Auteur ; James HOWARD, Auteur ; David N. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Nikos MAKRIS, Auteur ; Verne S. Jr CAVINESS, Auteur ; Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Shelly D. STEELE, Auteur ; Gordon J. HARRIS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.300-316 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Specific-language-impairment Cerebellum Broca’s-area Asymmetry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We performed cerebellum segmentation and parcellation on magnetic resonance images from right-handed boys, aged 6–13 years, including 22 boys with autism [16 with language impairment (ALI)], 9 boys with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), and 11 normal controls. Language-impaired groups had reversed asymmetry relative to unimpaired groups in posterior-lateral cerebellar lobule VIIIA (right side larger in unimpaired groups, left side larger in ALI and SLI), contralateral to previous findings in inferior frontal cortex language areas. Lobule VIIA Crus I was smaller in SLI than in ALI. Vermis volume, particularly anterior I–V, was decreased in language-impaired groups. Language performance test scores correlated with lobule VIIIA asymmetry and with anterior vermis volume. These findings suggest ALI and SLI subjects show abnormalities in neurodevelopment of fronto-corticocerebellar circuits that manage motor control and the processing of language, cognition, working memory, and attention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0872-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=966 [article] Cerebellum, Language, and Cognition in Autism and Specific Language Impairment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Steven M. HODGE, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; Jean A. FRAZIER, Auteur ; James HOWARD, Auteur ; David N. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Nikos MAKRIS, Auteur ; Verne S. Jr CAVINESS, Auteur ; Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Shelly D. STEELE, Auteur ; Gordon J. HARRIS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.300-316. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-3 (March 2010) . - p.300-316 Mots-clés : Autism Specific-language-impairment Cerebellum Broca’s-area Asymmetry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We performed cerebellum segmentation and parcellation on magnetic resonance images from right-handed boys, aged 6–13 years, including 22 boys with autism [16 with language impairment (ALI)], 9 boys with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), and 11 normal controls. Language-impaired groups had reversed asymmetry relative to unimpaired groups in posterior-lateral cerebellar lobule VIIIA (right side larger in unimpaired groups, left side larger in ALI and SLI), contralateral to previous findings in inferior frontal cortex language areas. Lobule VIIA Crus I was smaller in SLI than in ALI. Vermis volume, particularly anterior I–V, was decreased in language-impaired groups. Language performance test scores correlated with lobule VIIIA asymmetry and with anterior vermis volume. These findings suggest ALI and SLI subjects show abnormalities in neurodevelopment of fronto-corticocerebellar circuits that manage motor control and the processing of language, cognition, working memory, and attention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0872-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=966

Extending the ‘cross-disorder’ relevance of executive functions to dimensional neuropsychiatric traits in youth / Lauren M. MCGRATH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.462-471 Titre : Extending the ‘cross-disorder’ relevance of executive functions to dimensional neuropsychiatric traits in youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Ellen B. BRAATEN, Auteur ; Nathan D. DOTY, Auteur ; Brian L. WILLOUGHBY, Auteur ; H. Kent WILSON, Auteur ; Ellen H. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; Mary K. COLVIN, Auteur ; Hillary L. DITMARS, Auteur ; Jessica E. BLAIS, Auteur ; Erin N. HILL, Auteur ; Aaron METZGER, Auteur ; Roy H. PERLIS, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur ; Irwin D. WALDMAN, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Larry J. SEIDMAN, Auteur ; Alysa E. DOYLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.462-471 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Executive functions  mania  psychosis  social responsiveness  cross-disorder  dimensional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Evidence that different neuropsychiatric conditions share genetic liability has increased interest in phenotypes with ‘cross-disorder’ relevance, as they may contribute to revised models of psychopathology. Cognition is a promising construct for study; yet, evidence that the same cognitive functions are impaired across different forms of psychopathology comes primarily from separate studies of individual categorical diagnoses versus controls. Given growing support for dimensional models that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries, we aimed to determine, within a single cohort, whether performance on measures of executive functions (EFs) predicted dimensions of different psychopathological conditions known to share genetic liability. Methods Data are from 393 participants, ages 8–17, consecutively enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Influences on Cognition (LOGIC). This project is conducting deep phenotyping and genomic analyses in youth referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation. Using structural equation modeling, we examined whether EFs predicted variation in core dimensions of the autism spectrum disorder, bipolar illness, and schizophrenia (including social responsiveness, mania/emotion regulation, and positive symptoms of psychosis, respectively). Results We modeled three cognitive factors (working memory, shifting, and executive processing speed) that loaded on a second-order EF factor. The EF factor predicted variation in our three target traits, but not in a negative control (somatization). Moreover, this EF factor was primarily associated with the overlapping (rather than unique) variance across the three outcome measures, suggesting that it related to a general increase in psychopathology symptoms across those dimensions. Conclusions Findings extend support for the relevance of cognition to neuropsychiatric conditions that share underlying genetic risk. They suggest that higher-order cognition, including EFs, relates to the dimensional spectrum of each of these disorders and not just the clinical diagnoses. Moreover, results have implications for bottom-up models linking genes, cognition, and a general psychopathology liability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12463 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Extending the ‘cross-disorder’ relevance of executive functions to dimensional neuropsychiatric traits in youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Ellen B. BRAATEN, Auteur ; Nathan D. DOTY, Auteur ; Brian L. WILLOUGHBY, Auteur ; H. Kent WILSON, Auteur ; Ellen H. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; Mary K. COLVIN, Auteur ; Hillary L. DITMARS, Auteur ; Jessica E. BLAIS, Auteur ; Erin N. HILL, Auteur ; Aaron METZGER, Auteur ; Roy H. PERLIS, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur ; Irwin D. WALDMAN, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Larry J. SEIDMAN, Auteur ; Alysa E. DOYLE, Auteur . - p.462-471. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.462-471 Mots-clés : Executive functions  mania  psychosis  social responsiveness  cross-disorder  dimensional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Evidence that different neuropsychiatric conditions share genetic liability has increased interest in phenotypes with ‘cross-disorder’ relevance, as they may contribute to revised models of psychopathology. Cognition is a promising construct for study; yet, evidence that the same cognitive functions are impaired across different forms of psychopathology comes primarily from separate studies of individual categorical diagnoses versus controls. Given growing support for dimensional models that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries, we aimed to determine, within a single cohort, whether performance on measures of executive functions (EFs) predicted dimensions of different psychopathological conditions known to share genetic liability. Methods Data are from 393 participants, ages 8–17, consecutively enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Influences on Cognition (LOGIC). This project is conducting deep phenotyping and genomic analyses in youth referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation. Using structural equation modeling, we examined whether EFs predicted variation in core dimensions of the autism spectrum disorder, bipolar illness, and schizophrenia (including social responsiveness, mania/emotion regulation, and positive symptoms of psychosis, respectively). Results We modeled three cognitive factors (working memory, shifting, and executive processing speed) that loaded on a second-order EF factor. The EF factor predicted variation in our three target traits, but not in a negative control (somatization). Moreover, this EF factor was primarily associated with the overlapping (rather than unique) variance across the three outcome measures, suggesting that it related to a general increase in psychopathology symptoms across those dimensions. Conclusions Findings extend support for the relevance of cognition to neuropsychiatric conditions that share underlying genetic risk. They suggest that higher-order cognition, including EFs, relates to the dimensional spectrum of each of these disorders and not just the clinical diagnoses. Moreover, results have implications for bottom-up models linking genes, cognition, and a general psychopathology liability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12463 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Gene × Environment interactions in speech sound disorder predict language and preliteracy outcomes / Lauren M. MCGRATH in Development and Psychopathology, 19-4 (Fall 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 19-4 (Fall 2007) . - p.1047-1072 Titre : Gene × Environment interactions in speech sound disorder predict language and preliteracy outcomes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Shelley DAVIS, Auteur ; Bruce F. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; Richard BOADA, Auteur ; Lawrence D. SHRIBERG, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1047-1072 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Few studies have investigated the role of gene × environment interactions (G × E) in speech, language, and literacy disorders. Currently, there are two theoretical models, the diathesis–stress model and the bioecological model, that make opposite predictions about the expected direction of G × E, because environmental risk factors may either strengthen or weaken the effect of genes on phenotypes. The purpose of the current study was to test for G × E at two speech sound disorder and reading disability linkage peaks using a sib-pair linkage design and continuous measures of socioeconomic status, home language/literacy environment, and number of ear infections. The interactions were tested using composite speech, language, and preliteracy phenotypes and previously identified linkage peaks on 6p22 and 15q21. Results showed five G × E at both the 6p22 and 15q21 locations across several phenotypes and environmental measures. Four of the five interactions were consistent with the bioecological model of G × E. Each of these four interactions involved environmental measures of the home language/literacy environment. The only interaction that was consistent with the diathesis–stress model was one involving the number of ear infections as the environmental risk variable. The direction of these interactions and possible interpretations are explored in the discussion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579407000533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182 [article] Gene × Environment interactions in speech sound disorder predict language and preliteracy outcomes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren M. MCGRATH, Auteur ; Shelley DAVIS, Auteur ; Bruce F. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur ; Richard BOADA, Auteur ; Lawrence D. SHRIBERG, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1047-1072. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 19-4 (Fall 2007) . - p.1047-1072 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Few studies have investigated the role of gene × environment interactions (G × E) in speech, language, and literacy disorders. Currently, there are two theoretical models, the diathesis–stress model and the bioecological model, that make opposite predictions about the expected direction of G × E, because environmental risk factors may either strengthen or weaken the effect of genes on phenotypes. The purpose of the current study was to test for G × E at two speech sound disorder and reading disability linkage peaks using a sib-pair linkage design and continuous measures of socioeconomic status, home language/literacy environment, and number of ear infections. The interactions were tested using composite speech, language, and preliteracy phenotypes and previously identified linkage peaks on 6p22 and 15q21. Results showed five G × E at both the 6p22 and 15q21 locations across several phenotypes and environmental measures. Four of the five interactions were consistent with the bioecological model of G × E. Each of these four interactions involved environmental measures of the home language/literacy environment. The only interaction that was consistent with the diathesis–stress model was one involving the number of ear infections as the environmental risk variable. The direction of these interactions and possible interpretations are explored in the discussion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579407000533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182

A multiple deficit model of reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: searching for shared cognitive deficits / Lauren M. MCGRATH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-5 (May 2011)  

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