Measuring adolescents' exposure to victimization: The Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study / Helen L. FISHER in Development and Psychopathology, 27-4 (Part 2) (November 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 27-4 (Part 2) (November 2015) . - p.1399-1416 Titre : Measuring adolescents' exposure to victimization: The Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Helen L. FISHER, Auteur ; Avshalom CASPI, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur ; Jasmin WERTZ, Auteur ; Rebecca GRAY, Auteur ; Joanne B. NEWBURY, Auteur ; Antony AMBLER, Auteur ; Helena ZAVOS, Auteur ; Andrea DANESE, Auteur ; Jonathan MILL, Auteur ; Candice L. ODGERS, Auteur ; Carmine M. PARIANTE, Auteur ; Chloe C.Y. WONG, Auteur ; Louise ARSENEAULT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1399-1416 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper presents multilevel findings on adolescents' victimization exposure from a large longitudinal cohort of twins. Data were obtained from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, an epidemiological study of 2,232 children (1,116 twin pairs) followed to 18 years of age (with 93% retention). To assess adolescent victimization, we combined best practices in survey research on victimization with optimal approaches to measuring life stress and traumatic experiences, and introduce a reliable system for coding severity of victimization. One in three children experienced at least one type of severe victimization during adolescence (crime victimization, peer/sibling victimization, Internet/mobile phone victimization, sexual victimization, family violence, maltreatment, or neglect), and most types of victimization were more prevalent among children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Exposure to multiple victimization types was common, as was revictimization; over half of those physically maltreated in childhood were also exposed to severe physical violence in adolescence. Biometric twin analyses revealed that environmental factors had the greatest influence on most types of victimization, while severe physical maltreatment from caregivers during adolescence was predominantly influenced by heritable factors. The findings from this study showcase how distinct levels of victimization measurement can be harmonized in large-scale studies of health and development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000838 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273 [article] Measuring adolescents' exposure to victimization: The Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study [texte imprimé] / Helen L. FISHER, Auteur ; Avshalom CASPI, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur ; Jasmin WERTZ, Auteur ; Rebecca GRAY, Auteur ; Joanne B. NEWBURY, Auteur ; Antony AMBLER, Auteur ; Helena ZAVOS, Auteur ; Andrea DANESE, Auteur ; Jonathan MILL, Auteur ; Candice L. ODGERS, Auteur ; Carmine M. PARIANTE, Auteur ; Chloe C.Y. WONG, Auteur ; Louise ARSENEAULT, Auteur . - p.1399-1416. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 27-4 (Part 2) (November 2015) . - p.1399-1416 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper presents multilevel findings on adolescents' victimization exposure from a large longitudinal cohort of twins. Data were obtained from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, an epidemiological study of 2,232 children (1,116 twin pairs) followed to 18 years of age (with 93% retention). To assess adolescent victimization, we combined best practices in survey research on victimization with optimal approaches to measuring life stress and traumatic experiences, and introduce a reliable system for coding severity of victimization. One in three children experienced at least one type of severe victimization during adolescence (crime victimization, peer/sibling victimization, Internet/mobile phone victimization, sexual victimization, family violence, maltreatment, or neglect), and most types of victimization were more prevalent among children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Exposure to multiple victimization types was common, as was revictimization; over half of those physically maltreated in childhood were also exposed to severe physical violence in adolescence. Biometric twin analyses revealed that environmental factors had the greatest influence on most types of victimization, while severe physical maltreatment from caregivers during adolescence was predominantly influenced by heritable factors. The findings from this study showcase how distinct levels of victimization measurement can be harmonized in large-scale studies of health and development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000838 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273

RNA sequencing of identical twins discordant for autism reveals blood-based signatures implicating immune and transcriptional dysregulation / Ayden SAFFARI in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 38 p. Titre : RNA sequencing of identical twins discordant for autism reveals blood-based signatures implicating immune and transcriptional dysregulation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ayden SAFFARI, Auteur ; Matt ARNO, Auteur ; Eric NASSER, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Chloe C.Y. WONG, Auteur ; Leonard C. SCHALKWYK, Auteur ; Jonathan MILL, Auteur ; Frank DUDBRIDGE, Auteur ; Emma MEABURN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 38 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  DNA methylation  Discordance  Epigenomics  Gene expression  Immune  MZ twins  RNA-seq  Transcriptomics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: A gap exists in our mechanistic understanding of how genetic and environmental risk factors converge at the molecular level to result in the emergence of autism symptoms. We compared blood-based gene expression signatures in identical twins concordant and discordant for autism spectrum condition (ASC) to differentiate genetic and environmentally driven transcription differences, and establish convergent evidence for biological mechanisms involved in ASC. Methods: Genome-wide gene expression data were generated using RNA-seq on whole blood samples taken from 16 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins and seven twin pair members (39 individuals in total), who had been assessed for ASC and autism traits at age 12. Differential expression (DE) analyses were performed between (a) affected and unaffected subjects (N = 36) and (b) within discordant ASC MZ twin pairs (total N = 11) to identify environmental-driven DE. Gene set enrichment and pathway testing was performed on DE gene lists. Finally, an integrative analysis using DNA methylation data aimed to identify genes with consistent evidence for altered regulation in cis. Results: In the discordant twin analysis, three genes showed evidence for DE at FDR < 10%: IGHG4, EVI2A and SNORD15B. In the case-control analysis, four DE genes were identified at FDR < 10% including IGHG4, PRR13P5, DEPDC1B, and ZNF501. We find enrichment for DE of genes curated in the SFARI human gene database. Pathways showing evidence of enrichment included those related to immune cell signalling and immune response, transcriptional control and cell cycle/proliferation. Integrative methylomic and transcriptomic analysis identified a number of genes showing suggestive evidence for cis dysregulation. Limitations: Identical twins stably discordant for ASC are rare, and as such the sample size was limited and constrained to the use of peripheral blood tissue for transcriptomic and methylomic profiling. Given these primary limitations, we focused on transcript-level analysis. Conclusions: Using a cohort of ASC discordant and concordant MZ twins, we add to the growing body of transcriptomic-based evidence for an immune-based component in the molecular aetiology of ASC. Whilst the sample size was limited, the study demonstrates the utility of the discordant MZ twin design combined with multi-omics integration for maximising the potential to identify disease-associated molecular signals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0285-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414 [article] RNA sequencing of identical twins discordant for autism reveals blood-based signatures implicating immune and transcriptional dysregulation [texte imprimé] / Ayden SAFFARI, Auteur ; Matt ARNO, Auteur ; Eric NASSER, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Chloe C.Y. WONG, Auteur ; Leonard C. SCHALKWYK, Auteur ; Jonathan MILL, Auteur ; Frank DUDBRIDGE, Auteur ; Emma MEABURN, Auteur . - 38 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 38 p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  DNA methylation  Discordance  Epigenomics  Gene expression  Immune  MZ twins  RNA-seq  Transcriptomics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: A gap exists in our mechanistic understanding of how genetic and environmental risk factors converge at the molecular level to result in the emergence of autism symptoms. We compared blood-based gene expression signatures in identical twins concordant and discordant for autism spectrum condition (ASC) to differentiate genetic and environmentally driven transcription differences, and establish convergent evidence for biological mechanisms involved in ASC. Methods: Genome-wide gene expression data were generated using RNA-seq on whole blood samples taken from 16 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins and seven twin pair members (39 individuals in total), who had been assessed for ASC and autism traits at age 12. Differential expression (DE) analyses were performed between (a) affected and unaffected subjects (N = 36) and (b) within discordant ASC MZ twin pairs (total N = 11) to identify environmental-driven DE. Gene set enrichment and pathway testing was performed on DE gene lists. Finally, an integrative analysis using DNA methylation data aimed to identify genes with consistent evidence for altered regulation in cis. Results: In the discordant twin analysis, three genes showed evidence for DE at FDR < 10%: IGHG4, EVI2A and SNORD15B. In the case-control analysis, four DE genes were identified at FDR < 10% including IGHG4, PRR13P5, DEPDC1B, and ZNF501. We find enrichment for DE of genes curated in the SFARI human gene database. Pathways showing evidence of enrichment included those related to immune cell signalling and immune response, transcriptional control and cell cycle/proliferation. Integrative methylomic and transcriptomic analysis identified a number of genes showing suggestive evidence for cis dysregulation. Limitations: Identical twins stably discordant for ASC are rare, and as such the sample size was limited and constrained to the use of peripheral blood tissue for transcriptomic and methylomic profiling. Given these primary limitations, we focused on transcript-level analysis. Conclusions: Using a cohort of ASC discordant and concordant MZ twins, we add to the growing body of transcriptomic-based evidence for an immune-based component in the molecular aetiology of ASC. Whilst the sample size was limited, the study demonstrates the utility of the discordant MZ twin design combined with multi-omics integration for maximising the potential to identify disease-associated molecular signals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0285-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414

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