Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals / Umit KELES in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 39 p. Titre : Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Umit KELES, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Lisa BYRGE, Auteur ; Heini SAARIMAKI, Auteur ; Lynn K. PAUL, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Ralph ADOLPHS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 39 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Autism  Eye tracking  Heterogeneity  Individual differences  Videos Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Across behavioral studies, autistic individuals show greater variability than typically developing individuals. However, it remains unknown to what extent this variability arises from heterogeneity across individuals, or from unreliability within individuals. Here, we focus on eye tracking, which provides rich dependent measures that have been used extensively in studies of autism. Autistic individuals have an atypical gaze onto both static visual images and dynamic videos that could be leveraged for diagnostic purposes if the above open question could be addressed. METHODS: We tested three competing hypotheses: (1) that gaze patterns of autistic individuals are less reliable or noisier than those of controls, (2) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable but heterogeneous across autistic individuals, or (3) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable and also homogeneous among autistic individuals. We collected desktop-based eye tracking data from two different full-length television sitcom episodes, at two independent sites (Caltech and Indiana University), in a total of over 150 adult participants (N=48 autistic individuals with IQ in the normal range, 105 controls) and quantified gaze onto features of the videos using automated computer vision-based feature extraction. RESULTS: We found support for the second of these hypotheses. Autistic people and controls showed equivalently reliable gaze onto specific features of videos, such as faces, so much so that individuals could be identified significantly above chance using a fingerprinting approach from video epochs as short as 2 min. However, classification of participants into diagnostic groups based on their eye tracking data failed to produce clear group classifications, due to heterogeneity in the autistic group. LIMITATIONS: Three limitations are the relatively small sample size, assessment across only two videos (from the same television series), and the absence of other dependent measures (e.g., neuroimaging or genetics) that might have revealed individual-level variability that was not evident with eye tracking. Future studies should expand to larger samples across longer longitudinal epochs, an aim that is now becoming feasible with Internet- and phone-based eye tracking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings pave the way for the investigation of autism subtypes, and for elucidating the specific visual features that best discriminate gaze patterns-directions that will also combine with and inform neuroimaging and genetic studies of this complex disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00517-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals [texte imprimé] / Umit KELES, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Lisa BYRGE, Auteur ; Heini SAARIMAKI, Auteur ; Lynn K. PAUL, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Ralph ADOLPHS, Auteur . - 39 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 39 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Autism  Eye tracking  Heterogeneity  Individual differences  Videos Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Across behavioral studies, autistic individuals show greater variability than typically developing individuals. However, it remains unknown to what extent this variability arises from heterogeneity across individuals, or from unreliability within individuals. Here, we focus on eye tracking, which provides rich dependent measures that have been used extensively in studies of autism. Autistic individuals have an atypical gaze onto both static visual images and dynamic videos that could be leveraged for diagnostic purposes if the above open question could be addressed. METHODS: We tested three competing hypotheses: (1) that gaze patterns of autistic individuals are less reliable or noisier than those of controls, (2) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable but heterogeneous across autistic individuals, or (3) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable and also homogeneous among autistic individuals. We collected desktop-based eye tracking data from two different full-length television sitcom episodes, at two independent sites (Caltech and Indiana University), in a total of over 150 adult participants (N=48 autistic individuals with IQ in the normal range, 105 controls) and quantified gaze onto features of the videos using automated computer vision-based feature extraction. RESULTS: We found support for the second of these hypotheses. Autistic people and controls showed equivalently reliable gaze onto specific features of videos, such as faces, so much so that individuals could be identified significantly above chance using a fingerprinting approach from video epochs as short as 2 min. However, classification of participants into diagnostic groups based on their eye tracking data failed to produce clear group classifications, due to heterogeneity in the autistic group. LIMITATIONS: Three limitations are the relatively small sample size, assessment across only two videos (from the same television series), and the absence of other dependent measures (e.g., neuroimaging or genetics) that might have revealed individual-level variability that was not evident with eye tracking. Future studies should expand to larger samples across longer longitudinal epochs, an aim that is now becoming feasible with Internet- and phone-based eye tracking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings pave the way for the investigation of autism subtypes, and for elucidating the specific visual features that best discriminate gaze patterns-directions that will also combine with and inform neuroimaging and genetic studies of this complex disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00517-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Developing Social Communication Skills Using Dual First-Person Video Recording Glasses: A Novel Intervention for Adolescents with Autism / Sarah HURWITZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-3 (March 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-3 (March 2020) . - p.904-915 Titre : Developing Social Communication Skills Using Dual First-Person Video Recording Glasses: A Novel Intervention for Adolescents with Autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah HURWITZ, Auteur ; Tybytha RYAN, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.904-915 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Conversation  Multiple baseline design  Social skills  Video recording glasses  Video self-modeling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescents with autism often experience pronounced difficulties with social communication, and novel interventions designed to improve core abilities are greatly needed. This study examines if providing immediate video feedback, an extension of video self-modeling, can aid adolescents with autism to self-identify strengths and irregularities from their social interactions. Using multiple baseline design across four participants, individuals engaged in naturalistic conversations wearing video recording glasses. During the intervention, videos were reviewed immediately and participants recognized when they were not following typical social-communicative convention. Based on observational data coded from videos, all four participants modified their behavior during subsequent conversations. Although adolescents with autism may hypothetically know to behave, viewing themselves on video may provide practical cues to support social insight and behavioral change. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04312-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=419 [article] Developing Social Communication Skills Using Dual First-Person Video Recording Glasses: A Novel Intervention for Adolescents with Autism [texte imprimé] / Sarah HURWITZ, Auteur ; Tybytha RYAN, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur . - p.904-915. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-3 (March 2020) . - p.904-915 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Conversation  Multiple baseline design  Social skills  Video recording glasses  Video self-modeling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescents with autism often experience pronounced difficulties with social communication, and novel interventions designed to improve core abilities are greatly needed. This study examines if providing immediate video feedback, an extension of video self-modeling, can aid adolescents with autism to self-identify strengths and irregularities from their social interactions. Using multiple baseline design across four participants, individuals engaged in naturalistic conversations wearing video recording glasses. During the intervention, videos were reviewed immediately and participants recognized when they were not following typical social-communicative convention. Based on observational data coded from videos, all four participants modified their behavior during subsequent conversations. Although adolescents with autism may hypothetically know to behave, viewing themselves on video may provide practical cues to support social insight and behavioral change. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04312-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=419

Estimation of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in South Korea, revisited / Peter C. PANTELIS in Autism, 20-5 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 20-5 (July 2016) . - p.517-527 Titre : Estimation of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in South Korea, revisited Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter C. PANTELIS, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.517-527 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  epidemiology  prevalence  two-phase screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Two-phase designs in epidemiological studies of autism prevalence introduce methodological complications that can severely limit the precision of resulting estimates. If the assumptions used to derive the prevalence estimate are invalid or if the uncertainty surrounding these assumptions is not properly accounted for in the statistical inference procedure, then the point estimate may be inaccurate and the confidence interval may not be a true reflection of the precision of the estimate. We examine these potential pitfalls in the context of a recent high-profile finding by Kim et al. (2011, Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. American Journal of Psychiatry 168: 904–912), who estimated that autism spectrum disorder affects 2.64% of children in a South Korean community. We reconstructed the study’s methodology and used Monte Carlo simulations to analyze whether their point estimate and 95% confidence interval (1.91%, 3.37%) were reasonable, given what was known about their screening instrument and sample. We find the original point estimate to be highly assumption-dependent, and after accounting for sources of uncertainty unaccounted for in the original article, we demonstrate that a more reasonable confidence interval would be approximately twice as large as originally reported. We argue that future studies should give serious consideration to the additional sources of uncertainty introduced by a two-phase design, which may easily outstrip any expected gains in efficiency. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315592378 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 [article] Estimation of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in South Korea, revisited [texte imprimé] / Peter C. PANTELIS, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur . - p.517-527. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 20-5 (July 2016) . - p.517-527 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  epidemiology  prevalence  two-phase screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Two-phase designs in epidemiological studies of autism prevalence introduce methodological complications that can severely limit the precision of resulting estimates. If the assumptions used to derive the prevalence estimate are invalid or if the uncertainty surrounding these assumptions is not properly accounted for in the statistical inference procedure, then the point estimate may be inaccurate and the confidence interval may not be a true reflection of the precision of the estimate. We examine these potential pitfalls in the context of a recent high-profile finding by Kim et al. (2011, Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. American Journal of Psychiatry 168: 904–912), who estimated that autism spectrum disorder affects 2.64% of children in a South Korean community. We reconstructed the study’s methodology and used Monte Carlo simulations to analyze whether their point estimate and 95% confidence interval (1.91%, 3.37%) were reasonable, given what was known about their screening instrument and sample. We find the original point estimate to be highly assumption-dependent, and after accounting for sources of uncertainty unaccounted for in the original article, we demonstrate that a more reasonable confidence interval would be approximately twice as large as originally reported. We argue that future studies should give serious consideration to the additional sources of uncertainty introduced by a two-phase design, which may easily outstrip any expected gains in efficiency. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315592378 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290

Postural sway dynamics in adults across the autism spectrum: a multifactor approach / Bess F. BLOOMER in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 44 Titre : Postural sway dynamics in adults across the autism spectrum: a multifactor approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bess F. BLOOMER, Auteur ; Amanda R. BOLBECKER, Auteur ; Emily L. GILDEA, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Krista M. WISNER, Auteur ; Brian F. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; William P. HETRICK, Auteur ; Bess F. BLOOMER, Auteur ; Amanda R. BOLBECKER, Auteur ; Emily L. GILDEA, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Krista M. WISNER, Auteur ; Brian F. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; William P. HETRICK, Auteur Article en page(s) : 44 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults  Autism  Multiple factor analysis  Postural control  Postural sway  Rambling  Sway patterns  Trembling  obtained from all participants. All study procedures were approved by the Indiana  University Institutional Review Board and conducted in accordance with the  Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing  interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Motor challenges are highly prevalent within autism, and increased postural sway has been consistently demonstrated in autistic youth. However, the extent to which sway anomalies extend into adulthood remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate whether increased postural sway is altered in autistic adults compared to neurotypical controls using established sway metrics including sway area and path, as well as rambling-trembling decomposition—an approach that differentiates the postural sway signal into central and peripheral nervous system components. METHODS: 49 adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and 94 neurotypical controls (NC) participated in a postural sway task on a force platform with manipulations of visual input and stance width. Traditional geometric methods (sway area and path), the spatial characteristics of the body’s adjustment to maintain balance, were measured. As resulting sway measures often covary, multiple factor analysis (MFA) was applied to reduce the measures into distinct, non-redundant dimensions that simplified the data. Group comparisons were completed across these different levels of analysis. RESULTS: We observed increased sway path and medio-lateral trembling in ASC compared to NC (p < 0.05). Significant group by vision interactions revealed that ASC sway increases were more apparent in eyes-open conditions for sway area and rambling and trembling in the anterior-posterior plane (p < 0.01), possibly suggesting differential sensory reweighting of visual input by ASC, or difficulties with multisensory integration. MFA revealed two key dimensions. A fast frequency dimension, linked to peripheral processes, explained most of the overall variance (62.9%) and captured more variance in the ASC group than in NC. A slower frequency dimension, linked to central processes, explained 8.0% of the variance. LIMITATIONS: Order of sway conditions was consistent among all participants, so it is possible that participant fatigue influenced later sway conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Building upon previous research finding increased postural sway in autism, we found that combining multiple approaches collectively suggest the critical role of peripheral contributions and visual input in postural sway in autism. Fast-frequency processes that are peripherally-driven may be of particular importance in sway in autistic adults, and should be prioritized in future research to better understand balance performance in autism. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-025-00676-y. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00676-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569 [article] Postural sway dynamics in adults across the autism spectrum: a multifactor approach [texte imprimé] / Bess F. BLOOMER, Auteur ; Amanda R. BOLBECKER, Auteur ; Emily L. GILDEA, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Krista M. WISNER, Auteur ; Brian F. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; William P. HETRICK, Auteur ; Bess F. BLOOMER, Auteur ; Amanda R. BOLBECKER, Auteur ; Emily L. GILDEA, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Krista M. WISNER, Auteur ; Brian F. O'DONNELL, Auteur ; William P. HETRICK, Auteur . - 44. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 44 Mots-clés : Adults  Autism  Multiple factor analysis  Postural control  Postural sway  Rambling  Sway patterns  Trembling  obtained from all participants. All study procedures were approved by the Indiana  University Institutional Review Board and conducted in accordance with the  Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing  interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Motor challenges are highly prevalent within autism, and increased postural sway has been consistently demonstrated in autistic youth. However, the extent to which sway anomalies extend into adulthood remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate whether increased postural sway is altered in autistic adults compared to neurotypical controls using established sway metrics including sway area and path, as well as rambling-trembling decomposition—an approach that differentiates the postural sway signal into central and peripheral nervous system components. METHODS: 49 adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and 94 neurotypical controls (NC) participated in a postural sway task on a force platform with manipulations of visual input and stance width. Traditional geometric methods (sway area and path), the spatial characteristics of the body’s adjustment to maintain balance, were measured. As resulting sway measures often covary, multiple factor analysis (MFA) was applied to reduce the measures into distinct, non-redundant dimensions that simplified the data. Group comparisons were completed across these different levels of analysis. RESULTS: We observed increased sway path and medio-lateral trembling in ASC compared to NC (p < 0.05). Significant group by vision interactions revealed that ASC sway increases were more apparent in eyes-open conditions for sway area and rambling and trembling in the anterior-posterior plane (p < 0.01), possibly suggesting differential sensory reweighting of visual input by ASC, or difficulties with multisensory integration. MFA revealed two key dimensions. A fast frequency dimension, linked to peripheral processes, explained most of the overall variance (62.9%) and captured more variance in the ASC group than in NC. A slower frequency dimension, linked to central processes, explained 8.0% of the variance. LIMITATIONS: Order of sway conditions was consistent among all participants, so it is possible that participant fatigue influenced later sway conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Building upon previous research finding increased postural sway in autism, we found that combining multiple approaches collectively suggest the critical role of peripheral contributions and visual input in postural sway in autism. Fast-frequency processes that are peripherally-driven may be of particular importance in sway in autistic adults, and should be prioritized in future research to better understand balance performance in autism. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-025-00676-y. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00676-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569

Smartphone-based gaze estimation for in-home autism research / Junfeng HE ; Qianying WU ; Na DAI ; Kai KOHLHOFF ; Jasmin M. TURNER ; Lynn K. PAUL ; Daniel P. KENNEDY ; Ralph ADOLPHS ; Vidhya NAVALPAKKAM in Autism Research, 17-6 (June 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-6 (June 2024) . - p.1140-1148 Titre : Smartphone-based gaze estimation for in-home autism research Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Junfeng HE, Auteur ; Qianying WU, Auteur ; Na DAI, Auteur ; Kai KOHLHOFF, Auteur ; Jasmin M. TURNER, Auteur ; Lynn K. PAUL, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Ralph ADOLPHS, Auteur ; Vidhya NAVALPAKKAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1140-1148 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Atypical gaze patterns are a promising biomarker of autism spectrum disorder. To measure gaze accurately, however, it typically requires highly controlled studies in the laboratory using specialized equipment that is often expensive, thereby limiting the scalability of these approaches. Here we test whether a recently developed smartphone-based gaze estimation method could overcome such limitations and take advantage of the ubiquity of smartphones. As a proof-of-principle, we measured gaze while a small sample of well-assessed autistic participants and controls watched videos on a smartphone, both in the laboratory (with lab personnel) and in remote home settings (alone). We demonstrate that gaze data can be efficiently collected, in-home and longitudinally by participants themselves, with sufficiently high accuracy (gaze estimation error below 1° visual angle on average) for quantitative, feature-based analysis. Using this approach, we show that autistic individuals have reduced gaze time on human faces and longer gaze time on non-social features in the background, thereby reproducing established findings in autism using just smartphones and no additional hardware. Our approach provides a foundation for scaling future research with larger and more representative participant groups at vastly reduced cost, also enabling better inclusion of underserved communities. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3140 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=531 [article] Smartphone-based gaze estimation for in-home autism research [texte imprimé] / Junfeng HE, Auteur ; Qianying WU, Auteur ; Na DAI, Auteur ; Kai KOHLHOFF, Auteur ; Jasmin M. TURNER, Auteur ; Lynn K. PAUL, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Ralph ADOLPHS, Auteur ; Vidhya NAVALPAKKAM, Auteur . - p.1140-1148. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-6 (June 2024) . - p.1140-1148 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Atypical gaze patterns are a promising biomarker of autism spectrum disorder. To measure gaze accurately, however, it typically requires highly controlled studies in the laboratory using specialized equipment that is often expensive, thereby limiting the scalability of these approaches. Here we test whether a recently developed smartphone-based gaze estimation method could overcome such limitations and take advantage of the ubiquity of smartphones. As a proof-of-principle, we measured gaze while a small sample of well-assessed autistic participants and controls watched videos on a smartphone, both in the laboratory (with lab personnel) and in remote home settings (alone). We demonstrate that gaze data can be efficiently collected, in-home and longitudinally by participants themselves, with sufficiently high accuracy (gaze estimation error below 1° visual angle on average) for quantitative, feature-based analysis. Using this approach, we show that autistic individuals have reduced gaze time on human faces and longer gaze time on non-social features in the background, thereby reproducing established findings in autism using just smartphones and no additional hardware. Our approach provides a foundation for scaling future research with larger and more representative participant groups at vastly reduced cost, also enabling better inclusion of underserved communities. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3140 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=531

Social and nonsocial visual prediction errors in autism spectrum disorder / Rachel K. GREENE in Autism Research, 12-6 (June 2019)  

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Social inference brain networks in autistic adults during movie-viewing: functional specialization and heterogeneity / Jasmin M. TURNER in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

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The influence of presentation modality on the social comprehension of naturalistic scenes in adults with autism spectrum disorder / Haley M GEDEK in Autism, 22-2 (February 2018)  

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Violations of Personal Space in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome: Insights from the Social Responsiveness Scale / Emma LOUGH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-12 (December 2015)  

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Visual Disengagement: Genetic Architecture and Relation to Autistic Traits in the General Population / Monica SIQUEIROS SANCHEZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-6 (June 2020)  

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Visual Search Performance Does Not Relate to Autistic Traits in the General Population / David LOPEZ PEREZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-6 (June 2019)  

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Volitional eye movement control and ADHD traits: a twin study / Monica SIQUEIROS SANCHEZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-12 (December 2020)  

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