Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.623-633 Titre : Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; David TRICKEY, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.623-633 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however, considerable natural recovery may still occur up to 6-months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2- to 6-months post-trauma). Methods Twenty-nine youth (8–17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2–6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n = 14) or waiting list (WL; n = 15) for 10 weeks. Results Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at posttreatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04–.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-month posttreatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviours, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of ‘watchful waiting’ into the 2- to 6-month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306 [article] Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; David TRICKEY, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur . - p.623-633. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.623-633 Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however, considerable natural recovery may still occur up to 6-months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2- to 6-months post-trauma). Methods Twenty-nine youth (8–17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2–6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n = 14) or waiting list (WL; n = 15) for 10 weeks. Results Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at posttreatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04–.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-month posttreatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviours, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of ‘watchful waiting’ into the 2- to 6-month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306

Prevalence and predictive value of ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder and Complex PTSD diagnoses in children and adolescents exposed to a single-event trauma / Rachel ELLIOTT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-3 (March 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-3 (March 2021) . - p.270-276 Titre : Prevalence and predictive value of ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder and Complex PTSD diagnoses in children and adolescents exposed to a single-event trauma Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel ELLIOTT, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Fionnuala MURPHY, Auteur ; Theresa DAHM, Auteur ; Emma TRAVERS-HILL, Auteur ; Cari-Lène MUL, Auteur ; Sarah-Jane ARCHIBALD, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Caitlin HITCHCOCK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.270-276 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Complex PTSD  International Classification of Diseases  Post-traumatic stress disorder  adolescent  child  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) made a number of significant changes to the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We sought to determine the prevalence and 3-month predictive values of the new ICD-11 PTSD criteria relative to ICD-10 PTSD, in children and adolescents following a single traumatic event. ICD-11 also introduced a diagnosis of Complex PTSD (CPTSD), proposed to typically result from prolonged, chronic exposure to traumatic experiences, although the CPTSD diagnostic criteria do not require a repeated experience of trauma. We therefore explored whether children and adolescents demonstrate ICD-11 CPTSD features following exposure to a single-incident trauma. METHOD: Data were analysed from a prospective cohort study of youth aged 8-17 years who had attended an emergency department following a single trauma. Assessments of PTSD, CPTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms were performed at two to four weeks (n = 226) and nine weeks (n = 208) post-trauma, allowing us to calculate and compare the prevalence and predictive value of ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD criteria, along with CPTSD. Predictive abilities of different diagnostic thresholds were undertaken using positive/negative predictive values, sensitivity/specificity statistics and logistic regressions. RESULTS: At Week 9, 15 participants (7%) were identified as experiencing ICD-11 PTSD, compared to 23 (11%) experiencing ICD-10 PTSD. There was no significant difference in comorbidity rates between ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD diagnoses. Ninety per cent of participants with ICD-11 PTSD also met criteria for at least one CPTSD feature. Five participants met full CPTSD criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced prevalence of PTSD associated with the use of ICD-11 criteria is likely to reduce identification of PTSD relative to using ICD-10 criteria but not relative to DSM-4 and DSM-5 criteria. Diagnosis of CPTSD is likely to be infrequent following single-incident trauma. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13240 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443 [article] Prevalence and predictive value of ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder and Complex PTSD diagnoses in children and adolescents exposed to a single-event trauma [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel ELLIOTT, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Fionnuala MURPHY, Auteur ; Theresa DAHM, Auteur ; Emma TRAVERS-HILL, Auteur ; Cari-Lène MUL, Auteur ; Sarah-Jane ARCHIBALD, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Caitlin HITCHCOCK, Auteur . - p.270-276. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-3 (March 2021) . - p.270-276 Mots-clés : Complex PTSD  International Classification of Diseases  Post-traumatic stress disorder  adolescent  child  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) made a number of significant changes to the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We sought to determine the prevalence and 3-month predictive values of the new ICD-11 PTSD criteria relative to ICD-10 PTSD, in children and adolescents following a single traumatic event. ICD-11 also introduced a diagnosis of Complex PTSD (CPTSD), proposed to typically result from prolonged, chronic exposure to traumatic experiences, although the CPTSD diagnostic criteria do not require a repeated experience of trauma. We therefore explored whether children and adolescents demonstrate ICD-11 CPTSD features following exposure to a single-incident trauma. METHOD: Data were analysed from a prospective cohort study of youth aged 8-17 years who had attended an emergency department following a single trauma. Assessments of PTSD, CPTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms were performed at two to four weeks (n = 226) and nine weeks (n = 208) post-trauma, allowing us to calculate and compare the prevalence and predictive value of ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD criteria, along with CPTSD. Predictive abilities of different diagnostic thresholds were undertaken using positive/negative predictive values, sensitivity/specificity statistics and logistic regressions. RESULTS: At Week 9, 15 participants (7%) were identified as experiencing ICD-11 PTSD, compared to 23 (11%) experiencing ICD-10 PTSD. There was no significant difference in comorbidity rates between ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD diagnoses. Ninety per cent of participants with ICD-11 PTSD also met criteria for at least one CPTSD feature. Five participants met full CPTSD criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced prevalence of PTSD associated with the use of ICD-11 criteria is likely to reduce identification of PTSD relative to using ICD-10 criteria but not relative to DSM-4 and DSM-5 criteria. Diagnosis of CPTSD is likely to be infrequent following single-incident trauma. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13240 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443

Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study / Rachel M. HILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.884-898 Titre : Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel M. HILLER, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Sarah LOBO, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Abigail FRASER, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.884-898 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  adolescent  trauma  posttraumatic stress  meta-analysis  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the natural course of child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant implications for the identification of, and intervention for, at-risk youth. We used a meta-analytic approach to examine longitudinal changes in youth PTSD prevalence and symptoms over the first 12 months posttrauma. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify longitudinal studies of PTSD in young people (5–18 years old), excluding treatment trials. The search yielded 27 peer-reviewed studies and one unpublished dataset for analysis of pooled prevalence estimates, relative prevalence reduction and standardised mean symptom change. Key moderators were also explored, including age, proportion of boys in the sample, initial prevalence of PTSD and PTSD measurement type. Results Analyses demonstrated moderate declines in PTSD prevalence and symptom severity over the first 3–6 months posttrauma. From 1 to 6 months posttrauma, the prevalence of PTSD reduced by approximately 50%. Symptoms also showed moderate decline, particularly across the first 3 months posttrauma. There was little evidence of further change in prevalence or symptom severity after 6 months, suggesting that it is unlikely a child would lose a PTSD diagnosis without intervention beyond this point. Conclusions The current findings provide key information about the likelihood of posttrauma recovery in the absence of intervention and have important implications for our understanding of child and adolescent PTSD. Results are discussed with reference to the timing of PTSD screening and the potential role of early interventions. Findings particularly highlight the importance of future research to develop our understanding of what factors prevent the action of normal recovery from the ‘acute’ posttrauma period. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel M. HILLER, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Sarah LOBO, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Abigail FRASER, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur . - p.884-898. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.884-898 Mots-clés : Child  adolescent  trauma  posttraumatic stress  meta-analysis  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the natural course of child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant implications for the identification of, and intervention for, at-risk youth. We used a meta-analytic approach to examine longitudinal changes in youth PTSD prevalence and symptoms over the first 12 months posttrauma. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify longitudinal studies of PTSD in young people (5–18 years old), excluding treatment trials. The search yielded 27 peer-reviewed studies and one unpublished dataset for analysis of pooled prevalence estimates, relative prevalence reduction and standardised mean symptom change. Key moderators were also explored, including age, proportion of boys in the sample, initial prevalence of PTSD and PTSD measurement type. Results Analyses demonstrated moderate declines in PTSD prevalence and symptom severity over the first 3–6 months posttrauma. From 1 to 6 months posttrauma, the prevalence of PTSD reduced by approximately 50%. Symptoms also showed moderate decline, particularly across the first 3 months posttrauma. There was little evidence of further change in prevalence or symptom severity after 6 months, suggesting that it is unlikely a child would lose a PTSD diagnosis without intervention beyond this point. Conclusions The current findings provide key information about the likelihood of posttrauma recovery in the absence of intervention and have important implications for our understanding of child and adolescent PTSD. Results are discussed with reference to the timing of PTSD screening and the potential role of early interventions. Findings particularly highlight the importance of future research to develop our understanding of what factors prevent the action of normal recovery from the ‘acute’ posttrauma period. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

The latent structure of Acute Stress Disorder symptoms in trauma-exposed children and adolescents / Anna MCKINNON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-11 (November 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-11 (November 2016) . - p.1308-1316 Titre : The latent structure of Acute Stress Disorder symptoms in trauma-exposed children and adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; Nancy KASSAM-ADAMS, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; Flaura WINSTON, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; William YULE, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1308-1316 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acute Stress Disorder  DSM-5  factor analysis  children  post-traumatic stress disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The revision of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5 (DSM-5, 2013) proposes a cluster-free model of ASD symptoms in both adults and youth. Published evaluations of competing models of ASD clustering in youth have rarely been examined. Methods We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (combined with multigroup invariance tests) to explore the latent structure of ASD symptoms in a trauma-exposed sample of children and young people (N = 594). The DSM-5 structure was compared with the previous DSM-IV conceptualization (4-factor), and two alternative models proposed in the literature (3-factor; 5-factor). Model fit was examined using goodness-of-fit indices. We also established DSM-5 ASD prevalence rates relative to DSM-IV ASD, and the ability of these models to classify children impaired by their symptoms. Results Based on both the Bayesian Information Criterion, the interfactor correlations and invariance testing, the 3-factor model best accounted for the profile of ASD symptoms. DSM-5 ASD led to slightly higher prevalence rates than DSM-IV ASD and performed similarly to DSM-IV with respect to categorising children impaired by their symptoms. Modifying the DSM-5 ASD algorithm to a 3+ or 4+ symptom requirement was the strongest predictor of impairment. Conclusions These findings suggest that a uni-factorial general-distress model is not the optimal model of capturing the latent structure of ASD symptom profiles in youth and that modifying the current DSM-5 9+ symptom algorithm could potentially lead to a more developmentally sensitive conceptualization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12597 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] The latent structure of Acute Stress Disorder symptoms in trauma-exposed children and adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; Nancy KASSAM-ADAMS, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; Flaura WINSTON, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; William YULE, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur . - p.1308-1316. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-11 (November 2016) . - p.1308-1316 Mots-clés : Acute Stress Disorder  DSM-5  factor analysis  children  post-traumatic stress disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The revision of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5 (DSM-5, 2013) proposes a cluster-free model of ASD symptoms in both adults and youth. Published evaluations of competing models of ASD clustering in youth have rarely been examined. Methods We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (combined with multigroup invariance tests) to explore the latent structure of ASD symptoms in a trauma-exposed sample of children and young people (N = 594). The DSM-5 structure was compared with the previous DSM-IV conceptualization (4-factor), and two alternative models proposed in the literature (3-factor; 5-factor). Model fit was examined using goodness-of-fit indices. We also established DSM-5 ASD prevalence rates relative to DSM-IV ASD, and the ability of these models to classify children impaired by their symptoms. Results Based on both the Bayesian Information Criterion, the interfactor correlations and invariance testing, the 3-factor model best accounted for the profile of ASD symptoms. DSM-5 ASD led to slightly higher prevalence rates than DSM-IV ASD and performed similarly to DSM-IV with respect to categorising children impaired by their symptoms. Modifying the DSM-5 ASD algorithm to a 3+ or 4+ symptom requirement was the strongest predictor of impairment. Conclusions These findings suggest that a uni-factorial general-distress model is not the optimal model of capturing the latent structure of ASD symptom profiles in youth and that modifying the current DSM-5 9+ symptom algorithm could potentially lead to a more developmentally sensitive conceptualization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12597 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

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