Acquisition of voice onset time in toddlers at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder / Karen CHENAUSKY in Autism Research, 10-7 (July 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-7 (July 2017) . - p.1269-1279 Titre : Acquisition of voice onset time in toddlers at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1269-1279 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  speech development  phonological development  stop consonants  broader autism phenotype  voice onset time Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although language delay is common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research is equivocal on whether speech development is affected. We used acoustic methods to investigate the existence of sub-perceptual differences in the speech of toddlers who developed ASD. Development of the distinction between b and p was prospectively tracked in 22 toddlers at low risk for ASD (LRC), 22 at high risk for ASD without ASD (HRA?), and 11 at high risk for ASD who were diagnosed with ASD at 36 months (HRA+). Voice onset time (VOT), the main acoustic difference between b and p, was measured from spontaneously produced words at 18, 24, and 36 months. Number of words, number of tokens (instances) of syllable-initial b and p produced, error rates, language scores, and motor ability were also assessed. All groups' mean language scores were within the average range or slightly higher. No between-group differences were found in number of words, b's, p's, or errors produced; or in mean or standard deviation of VOT. Binary logistic regression showed that only diagnostic status, not language score, motor ability, number of words, number of b's and p's, or number of errors significantly predicted whether a toddler produced acoustically distinct b and p populations at 36 months. HRA+ toddlers were significantly less likely to produce acoustically distinct b's and p's at 36 months, which may indicate that the HRA+ group may be using different strategies to produce this distinction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1775 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=309 [article] Acquisition of voice onset time in toddlers at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.1269-1279. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-7 (July 2017) . - p.1269-1279 Mots-clés : autism  speech development  phonological development  stop consonants  broader autism phenotype  voice onset time Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although language delay is common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research is equivocal on whether speech development is affected. We used acoustic methods to investigate the existence of sub-perceptual differences in the speech of toddlers who developed ASD. Development of the distinction between b and p was prospectively tracked in 22 toddlers at low risk for ASD (LRC), 22 at high risk for ASD without ASD (HRA?), and 11 at high risk for ASD who were diagnosed with ASD at 36 months (HRA+). Voice onset time (VOT), the main acoustic difference between b and p, was measured from spontaneously produced words at 18, 24, and 36 months. Number of words, number of tokens (instances) of syllable-initial b and p produced, error rates, language scores, and motor ability were also assessed. All groups' mean language scores were within the average range or slightly higher. No between-group differences were found in number of words, b's, p's, or errors produced; or in mean or standard deviation of VOT. Binary logistic regression showed that only diagnostic status, not language score, motor ability, number of words, number of b's and p's, or number of errors significantly predicted whether a toddler produced acoustically distinct b and p populations at 36 months. HRA+ toddlers were significantly less likely to produce acoustically distinct b's and p's at 36 months, which may indicate that the HRA+ group may be using different strategies to produce this distinction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1775 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=309

Behavioral predictors of improved speech output in minimally verbal children with autism / Karen CHENAUSKY in Autism Research, 11-10 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-10 (October 2018) . - p.1356-1365 Titre : Behavioral predictors of improved speech output in minimally verbal children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; A. NORTON, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; G. SCHLAUG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1356-1365 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  intonation  longitudinal data analysis  minimally verbal  spoken language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the relationship between eight theoretically motivated behavioral variables and a spoken-language-related outcome measure, after 25 sessions of treatment for speech production in 38 minimally verbal children with autism. After removing potential predictors that were uncorrelated with the outcome variable, two remained. We used both complete-case and multiple-imputation analyses to address missing predictor data and performed linear regressions to identify significant predictors of change in percent syllables approximately correct after treatment. Baseline phonetic inventory (the number of English phonemes repeated correctly) was the most robust predictor of improvement. In the group of 17 participants with complete data, ADOS score also significantly predicted the outcome. In contrast to some earlier studies, nonverbal IQ, baseline levels of expressive language, and younger age did not significantly predict improvement. The present results are not only consistent with previous studies showing that verbal imitation and autism severity significantly predict spoken language outcomes in preschool-aged minimally verbal children with autism, but also extend these findings to older minimally verbal children with autism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1356-1365. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We wished to understand what baseline factors predicted whether minimally verbal children with autism would improve after treatment for spoken language. The outcome measure was change in percentage (%) syllables approximately correct on a set of 30 two-syllable words or phrases. Fifteen were both practiced in treatment and tested; the remainder were not practiced in treatment, but only tested, to assess how well children were able to generalize their new skills to an untrained set of words. Potential predictors tested were sex, age, expressive language, phonetic inventory (the number of English speech sounds repeated correctly), autism severity, and nonverbal IQ. Phonetic inventory and (for some children) autism severity predicted children's posttreatment improvement. Nonverbal IQ and expressive language ability did not predict improvement, nor did younger age, suggesting that some older children with autism may be candidates for speech therapy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] Behavioral predictors of improved speech output in minimally verbal children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; A. NORTON, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; G. SCHLAUG, Auteur . - p.1356-1365. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-10 (October 2018) . - p.1356-1365 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  intonation  longitudinal data analysis  minimally verbal  spoken language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the relationship between eight theoretically motivated behavioral variables and a spoken-language-related outcome measure, after 25 sessions of treatment for speech production in 38 minimally verbal children with autism. After removing potential predictors that were uncorrelated with the outcome variable, two remained. We used both complete-case and multiple-imputation analyses to address missing predictor data and performed linear regressions to identify significant predictors of change in percent syllables approximately correct after treatment. Baseline phonetic inventory (the number of English phonemes repeated correctly) was the most robust predictor of improvement. In the group of 17 participants with complete data, ADOS score also significantly predicted the outcome. In contrast to some earlier studies, nonverbal IQ, baseline levels of expressive language, and younger age did not significantly predict improvement. The present results are not only consistent with previous studies showing that verbal imitation and autism severity significantly predict spoken language outcomes in preschool-aged minimally verbal children with autism, but also extend these findings to older minimally verbal children with autism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1356-1365. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We wished to understand what baseline factors predicted whether minimally verbal children with autism would improve after treatment for spoken language. The outcome measure was change in percentage (%) syllables approximately correct on a set of 30 two-syllable words or phrases. Fifteen were both practiced in treatment and tested; the remainder were not practiced in treatment, but only tested, to assess how well children were able to generalize their new skills to an untrained set of words. Potential predictors tested were sex, age, expressive language, phonetic inventory (the number of English speech sounds repeated correctly), autism severity, and nonverbal IQ. Phonetic inventory and (for some children) autism severity predicted children's posttreatment improvement. Nonverbal IQ and expressive language ability did not predict improvement, nor did younger age, suggesting that some older children with autism may be candidates for speech therapy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

How do minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder use communicative gestures to complement their spoken language abilities? / Chelsea La VALLE in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 6 (January-December 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism & Developmental Language Impairments > 6 (January-December 2021) . - 23969415211035065 Titre : How do minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder use communicative gestures to complement their spoken language abilities? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chelsea La VALLE, Auteur ; Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 23969415211035065 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  minimally verbal  gesture  gesture–speech  communicative function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsPrior work has examined how children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder who are minimally verbal use their spoken language abilities during interactions with others. However, social communication includes other aspects beyond speech. To our knowledge, no studies have examined how minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are using their gestural communication during social interactions. Such work can provide important insights into how gestures may complement their spoken language abilities.MethodsFifty minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder participated (Mage?=?12.41 years; 38 males). Gestural communication was coded from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Children (n?=?25) and adolescents (n?=?25) were compared on their production of gestures, gesture–speech combinations, and communicative functions. Communicative functions were also assessed by the type of communication modality: gesture, speech, and gesture–speech to examine the range of communicative functions across different modalities of communication. To explore the role gestures may play the relation between speech utterances and gestural production was investigated.ResultsAnalyses revealed that (1) minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder did not differ in their total number of gestures. The most frequently produced gesture across children and adolescents was a reach gesture, followed by a point gesture (deictic gesture), and then conventional gestures. However, adolescents produced more gesture–speech combinations (reinforcing gesture-speech combinations) and displayed a wider range of communicative functions. (2) Overlap was found in the types of communicative functions expressed across different communication modalities. However, requests were conveyed via gesture more frequently compared to speech or gesture–speech. In contrast, dis/agree/acknowledging and responding to a question posed by the conversational partner was expressed more frequently via speech compared to gesture or gesture–speech. (3) The total number of gestures was negatively associated with total speech utterances after controlling for chronological age, receptive communication ability, and nonverbal IQ.ConclusionsAdolescents may be employing different communication strategies to maintain the conversational exchange and to further clarify the message they want to convey to the conversational partner. Although overlap occurred in communicative functions across gesture, speech, and gesture–speech, nuanced differences emerged in how often they were expressed across different modalities of communication. Given their speech production abilities, gestures may play a compensatory role for some individuals with autism spectrum disorder who are minimally verbal.ImplicationsFindings underscore the importance of assessing multiple modalities of communication to provide a fuller picture of their social communication abilities. Our results identified specific communicative strengths and areas for growth that can be targeted and expanded upon within gesture and speech to optimize social communication development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211035065 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] How do minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder use communicative gestures to complement their spoken language abilities? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chelsea La VALLE, Auteur ; Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - 23969415211035065. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 6 (January-December 2021) . - 23969415211035065 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  minimally verbal  gesture  gesture–speech  communicative function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsPrior work has examined how children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder who are minimally verbal use their spoken language abilities during interactions with others. However, social communication includes other aspects beyond speech. To our knowledge, no studies have examined how minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are using their gestural communication during social interactions. Such work can provide important insights into how gestures may complement their spoken language abilities.MethodsFifty minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder participated (Mage?=?12.41 years; 38 males). Gestural communication was coded from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Children (n?=?25) and adolescents (n?=?25) were compared on their production of gestures, gesture–speech combinations, and communicative functions. Communicative functions were also assessed by the type of communication modality: gesture, speech, and gesture–speech to examine the range of communicative functions across different modalities of communication. To explore the role gestures may play the relation between speech utterances and gestural production was investigated.ResultsAnalyses revealed that (1) minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder did not differ in their total number of gestures. The most frequently produced gesture across children and adolescents was a reach gesture, followed by a point gesture (deictic gesture), and then conventional gestures. However, adolescents produced more gesture–speech combinations (reinforcing gesture-speech combinations) and displayed a wider range of communicative functions. (2) Overlap was found in the types of communicative functions expressed across different communication modalities. However, requests were conveyed via gesture more frequently compared to speech or gesture–speech. In contrast, dis/agree/acknowledging and responding to a question posed by the conversational partner was expressed more frequently via speech compared to gesture or gesture–speech. (3) The total number of gestures was negatively associated with total speech utterances after controlling for chronological age, receptive communication ability, and nonverbal IQ.ConclusionsAdolescents may be employing different communication strategies to maintain the conversational exchange and to further clarify the message they want to convey to the conversational partner. Although overlap occurred in communicative functions across gesture, speech, and gesture–speech, nuanced differences emerged in how often they were expressed across different modalities of communication. Given their speech production abilities, gestures may play a compensatory role for some individuals with autism spectrum disorder who are minimally verbal.ImplicationsFindings underscore the importance of assessing multiple modalities of communication to provide a fuller picture of their social communication abilities. Our results identified specific communicative strengths and areas for growth that can be targeted and expanded upon within gesture and speech to optimize social communication development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211035065 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder / Karen CHENAUSKY in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 4 (January-December 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism & Developmental Language Impairments > 4 (January-December 2019) Titre : Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; Amanda BRIGNELL, Auteur ; Angela MORGAN, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsDevelopmental motor speech impairment has been suspected, but rarely systematically examined, in low- and minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to investigate the extent of motor speech impairment in this population and its relation to number of different words produced during a semi-structured language sample.MethodsVideos of 54 low-verbal and minimally verbal individuals (ages 4;4?18;10) performing portions of a speech praxis test were coded for signs of motor speech impairment (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech). Age, autism spectrum disorder severity, nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary were compared between groups.ResultsFour groups emerged: (1) speech within normal limits (n=12), (2) non-childhood apraxia of speech impairment (n=16), (3) suspected childhood apraxia of speech (n=13), and (4) insufficient speech to rate (n=13). Groups differed significantly in nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary. Overall, only speech production ability and receptive vocabulary accounted for significant variance in number of different words. Receptive vocabulary significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 1 and 2, while speech production ability significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 3 and 4.Conclusions and implicationsIf replicated, our findings have important implications for developing much-needed spoken language interventions in minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941519856333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402 [article] Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; Amanda BRIGNELL, Auteur ; Angela MORGAN, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur. in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 4 (January-December 2019) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsDevelopmental motor speech impairment has been suspected, but rarely systematically examined, in low- and minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to investigate the extent of motor speech impairment in this population and its relation to number of different words produced during a semi-structured language sample.MethodsVideos of 54 low-verbal and minimally verbal individuals (ages 4;4?18;10) performing portions of a speech praxis test were coded for signs of motor speech impairment (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech). Age, autism spectrum disorder severity, nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary were compared between groups.ResultsFour groups emerged: (1) speech within normal limits (n=12), (2) non-childhood apraxia of speech impairment (n=16), (3) suspected childhood apraxia of speech (n=13), and (4) insufficient speech to rate (n=13). Groups differed significantly in nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary. Overall, only speech production ability and receptive vocabulary accounted for significant variance in number of different words. Receptive vocabulary significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 1 and 2, while speech production ability significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 3 and 4.Conclusions and implicationsIf replicated, our findings have important implications for developing much-needed spoken language interventions in minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941519856333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402

Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder / Karen CHENAUSKY in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 4 (January-December 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism & Developmental Language Impairments > 4 (January-December 2019) Titre : Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; Amanda BRIGNELL, Auteur ; Angela MORGAN, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  speech  expressive language  motor speech disorder  childhood apraxia of speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsDevelopmental motor speech impairment has been suspected, but rarely systematically examined, in low- and minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to investigate the extent of motor speech impairment in this population and its relation to number of different words produced during a semi-structured language sample.MethodsVideos of 54 low-verbal and minimally verbal individuals (ages 4;4?18;10) performing portions of a speech praxis test were coded for signs of motor speech impairment (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech). Age, autism spectrum disorder severity, nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary were compared between groups.ResultsFour groups emerged: (1) speech within normal limits (n=12), (2) non-childhood apraxia of speech impairment (n=16), (3) suspected childhood apraxia of speech (n=13), and (4) insufficient speech to rate (n=13). Groups differed significantly in nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary. Overall, only speech production ability and receptive vocabulary accounted for significant variance in number of different words. Receptive vocabulary significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 1 and 2, while speech production ability significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 3 and 4.Conclusions and implicationsIf replicated, our findings have important implications for developing much-needed spoken language interventions in minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941519856333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409 [article] Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karen CHENAUSKY, Auteur ; Amanda BRIGNELL, Auteur ; Angela MORGAN, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 4 (January-December 2019) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  speech  expressive language  motor speech disorder  childhood apraxia of speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsDevelopmental motor speech impairment has been suspected, but rarely systematically examined, in low- and minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to investigate the extent of motor speech impairment in this population and its relation to number of different words produced during a semi-structured language sample.MethodsVideos of 54 low-verbal and minimally verbal individuals (ages 4;4?18;10) performing portions of a speech praxis test were coded for signs of motor speech impairment (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech). Age, autism spectrum disorder severity, nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary were compared between groups.ResultsFour groups emerged: (1) speech within normal limits (n=12), (2) non-childhood apraxia of speech impairment (n=16), (3) suspected childhood apraxia of speech (n=13), and (4) insufficient speech to rate (n=13). Groups differed significantly in nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary. Overall, only speech production ability and receptive vocabulary accounted for significant variance in number of different words. Receptive vocabulary significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 1 and 2, while speech production ability significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 3 and 4.Conclusions and implicationsIf replicated, our findings have important implications for developing much-needed spoken language interventions in minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941519856333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409

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