Early negative affect in males and females with fragile X syndrome: implications for anxiety and autism / Carla A. WALL in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 11-1 (December 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 22 p. Titre : Early negative affect in males and females with fragile X syndrome: implications for anxiety and autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla A. WALL, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. WILL, Auteur ; S. MCQUILLIN, Auteur ; B. L. KELLEHER, Auteur ; J. E. ROBERTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 22 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism spectrum disorder  Fragile X syndrome  Negative affect  Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder that is highly comorbid with anxiety and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated negative affect in young children has been associated with increased risk for both anxiety and ASD; however, these relations remain poorly understood in FXS. METHODS: The present prospective longitudinal study examined the trajectory of negative affect from infancy through preschool in males and females with FXS and typical development and its relation to anxiety and ASD. RESULTS: Results indicate a complex association reflecting group, developmental, and sex effects. Specifically, the group with FXS displayed a trajectory of increasing negative affect across age that was distinct from the typical controls. This atypical trajectory of negative affect in FXS was driven by sex effects in that males showed lower negative affect during infancy followed by steep increases across the toddler and preschool years whereas the females displayed a flatter trajectory. Finally, elevated negative affect predicted anxiety symptoms in males, but not females, with no relationship to ASD in males or females with FXS. CONCLUSIONS: The current work addresses the importance of studying the development of psychopathology in a specific neurogenetic population. Temperamental negative affect was shown to be an important early marker for anxiety in young children with FXS, with subtle differences observed between males and females. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9284-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409 [article] Early negative affect in males and females with fragile X syndrome: implications for anxiety and autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla A. WALL, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. WILL, Auteur ; S. MCQUILLIN, Auteur ; B. L. KELLEHER, Auteur ; J. E. ROBERTS, Auteur . - 22 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 22 p. Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism spectrum disorder  Fragile X syndrome  Negative affect  Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder that is highly comorbid with anxiety and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated negative affect in young children has been associated with increased risk for both anxiety and ASD; however, these relations remain poorly understood in FXS. METHODS: The present prospective longitudinal study examined the trajectory of negative affect from infancy through preschool in males and females with FXS and typical development and its relation to anxiety and ASD. RESULTS: Results indicate a complex association reflecting group, developmental, and sex effects. Specifically, the group with FXS displayed a trajectory of increasing negative affect across age that was distinct from the typical controls. This atypical trajectory of negative affect in FXS was driven by sex effects in that males showed lower negative affect during infancy followed by steep increases across the toddler and preschool years whereas the females displayed a flatter trajectory. Finally, elevated negative affect predicted anxiety symptoms in males, but not females, with no relationship to ASD in males or females with FXS. CONCLUSIONS: The current work addresses the importance of studying the development of psychopathology in a specific neurogenetic population. Temperamental negative affect was shown to be an important early marker for anxiety in young children with FXS, with subtle differences observed between males and females. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9284-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409

Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism / K. NAYAR in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 51p. Titre : Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. NAYAR, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; G. E. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; C. LA VALLE, Auteur ; W. MCKINNEY, Auteur ; M. LEE, Auteur ; E. S. NORTON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : 51p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Broad autism phenotype  Endophenotype  Eye movement  Eye-voice span  Gaze  Language  Rapid automatized naming  Restricted and repetitive behaviors  Social communication  standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki  Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed  consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Not  applicableThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer  Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and  institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Rapid automatized naming (RAN; naming of familiar items presented in an array) is a task that taps fundamental neurocognitive processes that are affected in a number of complex psychiatric conditions. Deficits in RAN have been repeatedly observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and also among first-degree relatives, suggesting that RAN may tap features that index genetic liability to ASD. This study used eye tracking to examine neurocognitive mechanisms related to RAN performance in ASD and first-degree relatives, and investigated links to broader language and clinical-behavioral features. Methods: Fifty-one individuals with ASD, biological parents of individuals with ASD (n = 133), and respective control groups (n = 45 ASD controls; 58 parent controls) completed RAN on an eye tracker. Variables included naming time, frequency of errors, and measures of eye movement during RAN (eye-voice span, number of fixations and refixations). Results: Both the ASD and parent-ASD groups showed slower naming times, more errors, and atypical eye-movement patterns (e.g., increased fixations and refixations), relative to controls, with differences persisting after accounting for spousal resemblance. RAN ability and associated eye movement patterns were correlated with increased social-communicative impairment and increased repetitive behaviors in ASD. Longer RAN times and greater refixations in the parent-ASD group were driven by the subgroup who showed clinical-behavioral features of the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Finally, parent-child dyad correlations revealed associations between naming time and refixations in parents with the BAP and increased repetitive behaviors in their child with ASD. Conclusions: Differences in RAN performance and associated eye movement patterns detected in ASD and in parents, and links to broader social-communicative abilities, clinical features, and parent-child associations, suggest that RAN-related abilities might constitute genetically meaningful neurocognitive markers that can help bridge connections between underlying biology and ASD symptomatology. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0233-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. NAYAR, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; G. E. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; C. LA VALLE, Auteur ; W. MCKINNEY, Auteur ; M. LEE, Auteur ; E. S. NORTON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur . - 51p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 51p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Broad autism phenotype  Endophenotype  Eye movement  Eye-voice span  Gaze  Language  Rapid automatized naming  Restricted and repetitive behaviors  Social communication  standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki  Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed  consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Not  applicableThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer  Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and  institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Rapid automatized naming (RAN; naming of familiar items presented in an array) is a task that taps fundamental neurocognitive processes that are affected in a number of complex psychiatric conditions. Deficits in RAN have been repeatedly observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and also among first-degree relatives, suggesting that RAN may tap features that index genetic liability to ASD. This study used eye tracking to examine neurocognitive mechanisms related to RAN performance in ASD and first-degree relatives, and investigated links to broader language and clinical-behavioral features. Methods: Fifty-one individuals with ASD, biological parents of individuals with ASD (n = 133), and respective control groups (n = 45 ASD controls; 58 parent controls) completed RAN on an eye tracker. Variables included naming time, frequency of errors, and measures of eye movement during RAN (eye-voice span, number of fixations and refixations). Results: Both the ASD and parent-ASD groups showed slower naming times, more errors, and atypical eye-movement patterns (e.g., increased fixations and refixations), relative to controls, with differences persisting after accounting for spousal resemblance. RAN ability and associated eye movement patterns were correlated with increased social-communicative impairment and increased repetitive behaviors in ASD. Longer RAN times and greater refixations in the parent-ASD group were driven by the subgroup who showed clinical-behavioral features of the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Finally, parent-child dyad correlations revealed associations between naming time and refixations in parents with the BAP and increased repetitive behaviors in their child with ASD. Conclusions: Differences in RAN performance and associated eye movement patterns detected in ASD and in parents, and links to broader social-communicative abilities, clinical features, and parent-child associations, suggest that RAN-related abilities might constitute genetically meaningful neurocognitive markers that can help bridge connections between underlying biology and ASD symptomatology. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0233-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Social Avoidance Emerges in Infancy and Persists into Adulthood in Fragile X Syndrome / J. ROBERTS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-9 (September 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-9 (September 2019) . - p.3753-3766 Titre : Social Avoidance Emerges in Infancy and Persists into Adulthood in Fragile X Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Hayley CRAWFORD, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; A. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; B. TONNSEN, Auteur ; A. BREWE, Auteur ; S. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; D. A. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Leonard ABBEDUTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3753-3766 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Fragile X  Infant  Social anxiety  Social approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by both social approach and social avoidance. However, the age of emergence and developmental trajectory of social avoidance has not been examined. This study investigates the longitudinal developmental trajectory and dynamic nature of social avoidance in males with FXS from infancy through young adulthood (n = 191). Multiple facets of social avoidance were collected using the Social Avoidance Scale (Roberts et al. 2007, 2009). Overall, 81% of males with FXS displayed social avoidance, which emerged during infancy, increased in severity across childhood, and stabilized through adolescence and early adulthood. An exaggerated "warm up" effect was also observed in FXS. This study delineates the complex profile of social avoidance, a common and impairing behavioral feature of FXS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04051-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405 [article] Social Avoidance Emerges in Infancy and Persists into Adulthood in Fragile X Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Hayley CRAWFORD, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; A. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; B. TONNSEN, Auteur ; A. BREWE, Auteur ; S. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; D. A. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Leonard ABBEDUTO, Auteur . - p.3753-3766. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-9 (September 2019) . - p.3753-3766 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Fragile X  Infant  Social anxiety  Social approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by both social approach and social avoidance. However, the age of emergence and developmental trajectory of social avoidance has not been examined. This study investigates the longitudinal developmental trajectory and dynamic nature of social avoidance in males with FXS from infancy through young adulthood (n = 191). Multiple facets of social avoidance were collected using the Social Avoidance Scale (Roberts et al. 2007, 2009). Overall, 81% of males with FXS displayed social avoidance, which emerged during infancy, increased in severity across childhood, and stabilized through adolescence and early adulthood. An exaggerated "warm up" effect was also observed in FXS. This study delineates the complex profile of social avoidance, a common and impairing behavioral feature of FXS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04051-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405

Stranger Fear and Early Risk for Social Anxiety in Preschoolers with Fragile X Syndrome Contrasted to Autism Spectrum Disorder / J. F. SCHERR in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-12 (December 2017) . - p.3741-3755 Titre : Stranger Fear and Early Risk for Social Anxiety in Preschoolers with Fragile X Syndrome Contrasted to Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. F. SCHERR, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; D. HATTON, Auteur ; J. E. ROBERTS, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p.3741-3755 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism spectrum disorder  Fragile X syndrome  Stranger fear  Temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated behavioral indicators of social fear in preschool boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS) with a low degree of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms (FXS-Low; n = 29), FXS with elevated ASD symptoms (FXS-High; n = 25), idiopathic ASD (iASD; n = 11), and typical development (TD; n = 36). Gaze avoidance, escape behaviors, and facial fear during a stranger approach were coded. Boys with elevated ASD symptoms displayed more avoidant gaze, looking less at the stranger and parent than those with low ASD symptoms across etiologies. The iASD group displayed more facial fear than the other groups. Results suggest etiologically distinct behavioral patterns of social fear in preschoolers with elevated ASD symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3059-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=325 [article] Stranger Fear and Early Risk for Social Anxiety in Preschoolers with Fragile X Syndrome Contrasted to Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. F. SCHERR, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; D. HATTON, Auteur ; J. E. ROBERTS, Auteur . - 2017 . - p.3741-3755. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-12 (December 2017) . - p.3741-3755 Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism spectrum disorder  Fragile X syndrome  Stranger fear  Temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated behavioral indicators of social fear in preschool boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS) with a low degree of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms (FXS-Low; n = 29), FXS with elevated ASD symptoms (FXS-High; n = 25), idiopathic ASD (iASD; n = 11), and typical development (TD; n = 36). Gaze avoidance, escape behaviors, and facial fear during a stranger approach were coded. Boys with elevated ASD symptoms displayed more avoidant gaze, looking less at the stranger and parent than those with low ASD symptoms across etiologies. The iASD group displayed more facial fear than the other groups. Results suggest etiologically distinct behavioral patterns of social fear in preschoolers with elevated ASD symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3059-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=325

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