Aetiology of shame and its association with adolescent depression and anxiety: results from a prospective twin and sibling study / M. NIKOLI? in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-1 (January 2022) . - p.99-108 Titre : Aetiology of shame and its association with adolescent depression and anxiety: results from a prospective twin and sibling study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. NIKOLI?, Auteur ; L. J. HANNIGAN, Auteur ; G. KREBS, Auteur ; A. STERNE, Auteur ; A. M. GREGORY, Auteur ; T. C. ELEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.99-108 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Anxiety/epidemiology/genetics  Child  Depression/epidemiology/genetics  Female  Humans  Male  Prospective Studies  Shame  Siblings  Young Adult  Adolescence  anxiety  depression  twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Shame is considered a maladaptive self-conscious emotion that commonly co-occurs alongside depression and anxiety. Little is known, however, about the aetiology of shame and its associations with depression and anxiety. We estimated, for the first time, genetic and environmental influences on shame and on its associations with depression and anxiety in adolescence. METHODS: The sample was twin and sibling pairs from the Genesis 1219 Study (Time 1, N?=?2,685; males 42.8%, M(age) ?=?14.95, SD?=?1.67, age range: 12-21; Time 2, N?=?1618; males 39.7%, M(age) ?=?16.97, SD?=?1.64, age range: 14-23). Participants completed validated questionnaires to measure shame (at Time 1), depression and anxiety (at Times 1 and 2). RESULTS: Shame was moderately to strongly associated with concurrent depression and anxiety. Prospectively, shame was significantly associated with an increase in depression, but not anxiety. Genetic analyses revealed that shame was moderately heritable with substantial nonshared environmental influence. The associations between shame and concurrent depression and anxiety were primarily accounted for by overlapping genetic influences. Prospectively, the association between shame and later depression was primarily accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental influences shared with earlier depression. The unique association between shame and later depression was mostly explained by common nonshared environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS: The findings offer novel evidence regarding aetiology of shame-although moderately heritable, shame in adolescents may also result from nonshared environmental factors. Genetic and nonshared environmental influences contribute to the co-occurrence of shame with depression and anxiety. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13465 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 [article] Aetiology of shame and its association with adolescent depression and anxiety: results from a prospective twin and sibling study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. NIKOLI?, Auteur ; L. J. HANNIGAN, Auteur ; G. KREBS, Auteur ; A. STERNE, Auteur ; A. M. GREGORY, Auteur ; T. C. ELEY, Auteur . - p.99-108. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-1 (January 2022) . - p.99-108 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Anxiety/epidemiology/genetics  Child  Depression/epidemiology/genetics  Female  Humans  Male  Prospective Studies  Shame  Siblings  Young Adult  Adolescence  anxiety  depression  twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Shame is considered a maladaptive self-conscious emotion that commonly co-occurs alongside depression and anxiety. Little is known, however, about the aetiology of shame and its associations with depression and anxiety. We estimated, for the first time, genetic and environmental influences on shame and on its associations with depression and anxiety in adolescence. METHODS: The sample was twin and sibling pairs from the Genesis 1219 Study (Time 1, N?=?2,685; males 42.8%, M(age) ?=?14.95, SD?=?1.67, age range: 12-21; Time 2, N?=?1618; males 39.7%, M(age) ?=?16.97, SD?=?1.64, age range: 14-23). Participants completed validated questionnaires to measure shame (at Time 1), depression and anxiety (at Times 1 and 2). RESULTS: Shame was moderately to strongly associated with concurrent depression and anxiety. Prospectively, shame was significantly associated with an increase in depression, but not anxiety. Genetic analyses revealed that shame was moderately heritable with substantial nonshared environmental influence. The associations between shame and concurrent depression and anxiety were primarily accounted for by overlapping genetic influences. Prospectively, the association between shame and later depression was primarily accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental influences shared with earlier depression. The unique association between shame and later depression was mostly explained by common nonshared environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS: The findings offer novel evidence regarding aetiology of shame-although moderately heritable, shame in adolescents may also result from nonshared environmental factors. Genetic and nonshared environmental influences contribute to the co-occurrence of shame with depression and anxiety. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13465 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456

Research Review: Cognitive bias modification of interpretations in youth and its effect on anxiety: a meta-analysis / G. KREBS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-8 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-8 (August 2018) . - p.831-844 Titre : Research Review: Cognitive bias modification of interpretations in youth and its effect on anxiety: a meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. KREBS, Auteur ; V. PILE, Auteur ; S. GRANT, Auteur ; M. DEGLI ESPOSTI, Auteur ; P. MONTGOMERY, Auteur ; J. Y. F. LAU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.831-844 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cognitive bias modification  adolescents  anxiety  children  interpretation bias training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) is effective in altering interpretation biases and reducing anxiety in adults. Less is known about the impact of CBM-I in young people, but some recent findings, including a meta-analysis of combined cognitive bias modification of interpretation and attention techniques, have cast doubt on its clinical utility. Given the current debate, this meta-analysis sought to establish the independent effects of CBM-I on interpretations biases and anxiety in youth. METHODS: Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science and EMBASE between January 1992 and March 2017. Eligible studies aimed to target interpretation biases; did not combine CBM-I with another intervention; included a control condition; randomly allocated participants to conditions; assessed interpretation bias and/or anxiety as an outcome; included individuals up to age 18; and did not present previously reported data. Reference lists of included articles were checked for further eligible studies, and authors were contacted for unpublished data. RESULTS: We identified 26 studies meeting eligibility criteria that included in the meta-analysis. CBM-I had moderate effects on negative and positive interpretations (g = -0.70 and g = -0.52, respectively) and a small but significant effect on anxiety assessed after training (g = -0.17) and after a stressor (g = -0.34). No significant moderators were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous meta-analytic findings, our results indicate that CBM-I has potential but weak anxiolytic effects in youth. Our findings suggest that it may be premature to disregard the potential value of CBM-I research and further research in this field is warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12809 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Research Review: Cognitive bias modification of interpretations in youth and its effect on anxiety: a meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. KREBS, Auteur ; V. PILE, Auteur ; S. GRANT, Auteur ; M. DEGLI ESPOSTI, Auteur ; P. MONTGOMERY, Auteur ; J. Y. F. LAU, Auteur . - p.831-844. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-8 (August 2018) . - p.831-844 Mots-clés : Cognitive bias modification  adolescents  anxiety  children  interpretation bias training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) is effective in altering interpretation biases and reducing anxiety in adults. Less is known about the impact of CBM-I in young people, but some recent findings, including a meta-analysis of combined cognitive bias modification of interpretation and attention techniques, have cast doubt on its clinical utility. Given the current debate, this meta-analysis sought to establish the independent effects of CBM-I on interpretations biases and anxiety in youth. METHODS: Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science and EMBASE between January 1992 and March 2017. Eligible studies aimed to target interpretation biases; did not combine CBM-I with another intervention; included a control condition; randomly allocated participants to conditions; assessed interpretation bias and/or anxiety as an outcome; included individuals up to age 18; and did not present previously reported data. Reference lists of included articles were checked for further eligible studies, and authors were contacted for unpublished data. RESULTS: We identified 26 studies meeting eligibility criteria that included in the meta-analysis. CBM-I had moderate effects on negative and positive interpretations (g = -0.70 and g = -0.52, respectively) and a small but significant effect on anxiety assessed after training (g = -0.17) and after a stressor (g = -0.34). No significant moderators were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous meta-analytic findings, our results indicate that CBM-I has potential but weak anxiolytic effects in youth. Our findings suggest that it may be premature to disregard the potential value of CBM-I research and further research in this field is warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12809 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

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