Dépouillements

Editorial: Developmental neuroscience comes of age / James F. LECKMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.333-338 Titre : Editorial: Developmental neuroscience comes of age Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : James F. LECKMAN, Auteur ; John S. MARCH, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.333-338 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02378.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Editorial: Developmental neuroscience comes of age [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / James F. LECKMAN, Auteur ; John S. MARCH, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.333-338. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.333-338 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02378.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: Development of the cerebral cortex: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders / John L.R. RUBENSTEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.339-355 Titre : Annual Research Review: Development of the cerebral cortex: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : John L.R. RUBENSTEIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.339-355 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cortex  development  autism  brain development  fibroblast growth factor  GABA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cerebral cortex has a central role in cognitive and emotional processing. As such, understanding the mechanisms that govern its development and function will be central to understanding the bases of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly those that first appear in childhood. In this review, I highlight recent progress in elucidating genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms that control cortical development. I discuss basic aspects of cortical developmental anatomy, and mechanisms that regulate cortical size and area formation, with an emphasis on the roles of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling and specific transcription factors. I then examine how specific types of cortical excitatory projection neurons are generated, and how their axons grow along stereotyped pathways to their targets. Next, I address how cortical inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons are generated, and point out the role of these cells in controlling cortical plasticity and critical periods. The paper concludes with an examination of four possible developmental mechanisms that could contribute to some forms of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02307.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: Development of the cerebral cortex: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / John L.R. RUBENSTEIN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.339-355. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.339-355 Mots-clés : Cortex  development  autism  brain development  fibroblast growth factor  GABA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cerebral cortex has a central role in cognitive and emotional processing. As such, understanding the mechanisms that govern its development and function will be central to understanding the bases of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly those that first appear in childhood. In this review, I highlight recent progress in elucidating genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms that control cortical development. I discuss basic aspects of cortical developmental anatomy, and mechanisms that regulate cortical size and area formation, with an emphasis on the roles of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling and specific transcription factors. I then examine how specific types of cortical excitatory projection neurons are generated, and how their axons grow along stereotyped pathways to their targets. Next, I address how cortical inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons are generated, and point out the role of these cells in controlling cortical plasticity and critical periods. The paper concludes with an examination of four possible developmental mechanisms that could contribute to some forms of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02307.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: Prenatal stress and the origins of psychopathology: an evolutionary perspective / Vivette GLOVER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.356-367 Titre : Annual Research Review: Prenatal stress and the origins of psychopathology: an evolutionary perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vivette GLOVER, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.356-367 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prenatal  stress  anxiety  evolution  child development  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : If a mother is stressed or anxious while pregnant her child is more likely to show a range of symptoms such as those of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, aggression or anxiety. While there remains some debate about what proportion of these effects are due to the prenatal or the postnatal environment, and the role of genetics, there is good evidence that prenatal stress exposure can increase the risk for later psychopathology. Why should this be? In our evolutionary history it is possible that some increase in these characteristics in some individuals was adaptive in a stressful environment, and that this type of fetal programming prepared the child or group for the environment in which they were going to find themselves. Anxiety may have been associated with increased vigilance, distractible attention with more perception of danger, impulsivity with more exploration, conduct disorder with a willingness to break rules, and aggression with the ability to fight intruders or predators. This adaptation for a future dangerous environment may explain why stress and anxiety, rather than depression, seem to have these programming effects; why there is a dose–response relationship with prenatal stress from moderate to severe and it is not only toxic stress that has consequences; why not all children are affected and why individual children are affected in different ways; and why the outcomes affected can depend on the sex of the offspring. An evolutionary perspective may give a different understanding of children in our society with these symptoms, and suggest new directions for research. For example, there is some evidence that the type of cognitive deficits observed after prenatal stress have specific characteristics; these may be those which were adaptive in a past environment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02371.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: Prenatal stress and the origins of psychopathology: an evolutionary perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vivette GLOVER, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.356-367. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.356-367 Mots-clés : Prenatal  stress  anxiety  evolution  child development  psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : If a mother is stressed or anxious while pregnant her child is more likely to show a range of symptoms such as those of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, aggression or anxiety. While there remains some debate about what proportion of these effects are due to the prenatal or the postnatal environment, and the role of genetics, there is good evidence that prenatal stress exposure can increase the risk for later psychopathology. Why should this be? In our evolutionary history it is possible that some increase in these characteristics in some individuals was adaptive in a stressful environment, and that this type of fetal programming prepared the child or group for the environment in which they were going to find themselves. Anxiety may have been associated with increased vigilance, distractible attention with more perception of danger, impulsivity with more exploration, conduct disorder with a willingness to break rules, and aggression with the ability to fight intruders or predators. This adaptation for a future dangerous environment may explain why stress and anxiety, rather than depression, seem to have these programming effects; why there is a dose–response relationship with prenatal stress from moderate to severe and it is not only toxic stress that has consequences; why not all children are affected and why individual children are affected in different ways; and why the outcomes affected can depend on the sex of the offspring. An evolutionary perspective may give a different understanding of children in our society with these symptoms, and suggest new directions for research. For example, there is some evidence that the type of cognitive deficits observed after prenatal stress have specific characteristics; these may be those which were adaptive in a past environment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02371.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: All mothers are not created equal: neural and psychobiological perspectives on mothering and the importance of individual differences / Jennifer BARRETT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.368-397 Titre : Annual Research Review: All mothers are not created equal: neural and psychobiological perspectives on mothering and the importance of individual differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer BARRETT, Auteur ; Alison S. FLEMING, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.368-397 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adversity  maternal depression  brain imaging  parenting  mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Quality of mothering relies on the integrity of multiple physiological and behavioral systems and on two maternal factors, one proximal and one distal, that have a great impact on how a mother mothers: postpartum depression and early experiences. To mother appropriately requires the action of systems that regulate sensation, perception, affect, reward, executive function, motor output and learning. When a mother is at risk to engage in less than optimal mothering, such as when she is depressed or has experienced adversity in childhood, the function of many or all of maternal and related systems may be affected. In this paper, we will review what is currently known about the biological basis of mothering, with attention to literature on hormones but with a particular focus on recent advances in the fields of functional neuroimaging. Instead of discussing strictly ‘maternal’ brain imaging studies, we instead use a systems approach to survey important findings relevant to brain systems integral to and/or strongly related to the mothering experience: (a) social behavior; (b) reward and affect; (c) executive function; and (d) maternal behavior. We find that there are many commonalities in terms of the brain regions identified across these systems and, as we would expect, all are sensitive to the influence of, or function differently in the context of, depression and adverse early experience. It is likely that the similarity and cross-talk between maternal, affect and stress systems, observed behaviorally, hormonally and in the context of brain function, allows for mood disturbance and early adverse experiences to have a significant impact on the quality of mothering and the motivation to mother. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02306.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: All mothers are not created equal: neural and psychobiological perspectives on mothering and the importance of individual differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer BARRETT, Auteur ; Alison S. FLEMING, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.368-397. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.368-397 Mots-clés : Adversity  maternal depression  brain imaging  parenting  mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Quality of mothering relies on the integrity of multiple physiological and behavioral systems and on two maternal factors, one proximal and one distal, that have a great impact on how a mother mothers: postpartum depression and early experiences. To mother appropriately requires the action of systems that regulate sensation, perception, affect, reward, executive function, motor output and learning. When a mother is at risk to engage in less than optimal mothering, such as when she is depressed or has experienced adversity in childhood, the function of many or all of maternal and related systems may be affected. In this paper, we will review what is currently known about the biological basis of mothering, with attention to literature on hormones but with a particular focus on recent advances in the fields of functional neuroimaging. Instead of discussing strictly ‘maternal’ brain imaging studies, we instead use a systems approach to survey important findings relevant to brain systems integral to and/or strongly related to the mothering experience: (a) social behavior; (b) reward and affect; (c) executive function; and (d) maternal behavior. We find that there are many commonalities in terms of the brain regions identified across these systems and, as we would expect, all are sensitive to the influence of, or function differently in the context of, depression and adverse early experience. It is likely that the similarity and cross-talk between maternal, affect and stress systems, observed behaviorally, hormonally and in the context of brain function, allows for mood disturbance and early adverse experiences to have a significant impact on the quality of mothering and the motivation to mother. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02306.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: Epigenetic mechanisms and environmental shaping of the brain during sensitive periods of development / Tania L. ROTH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.398-408 Titre : Annual Research Review: Epigenetic mechanisms and environmental shaping of the brain during sensitive periods of development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tania L. ROTH, Auteur ; J. David SWEATT, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.398-408 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Early-life experience  maternal care  epigenetic  DNA methylation  histone modification Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Experiences during early development profoundly affect development of the central nervous system (CNS) to impart either risk for or resilience to later psychopathology. Work in the developmental neuroscience field is providing compelling data that epigenetic marking of the genome may underlie aspects of this process. Experiments in rodents continue to show that experiences during sensitive periods of development influence DNA methylation patterns of several genes. These experience-induced DNA methylation patterns represent stable epigenetic modifications that alter gene transcription throughout the lifespan and promote specific behavioral outcomes. We discuss the relevance of these findings to humans, and also briefly discuss these findings in the broader contexts of cognition and psychiatric disorder. We conclude by discussing the implications of these observations for future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02282.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: Epigenetic mechanisms and environmental shaping of the brain during sensitive periods of development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tania L. ROTH, Auteur ; J. David SWEATT, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.398-408. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.398-408 Mots-clés : Early-life experience  maternal care  epigenetic  DNA methylation  histone modification Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Experiences during early development profoundly affect development of the central nervous system (CNS) to impart either risk for or resilience to later psychopathology. Work in the developmental neuroscience field is providing compelling data that epigenetic marking of the genome may underlie aspects of this process. Experiments in rodents continue to show that experiences during sensitive periods of development influence DNA methylation patterns of several genes. These experience-induced DNA methylation patterns represent stable epigenetic modifications that alter gene transcription throughout the lifespan and promote specific behavioral outcomes. We discuss the relevance of these findings to humans, and also briefly discuss these findings in the broader contexts of cognition and psychiatric disorder. We conclude by discussing the implications of these observations for future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02282.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: Parenting and children’s brain development: the end of the beginning / Jay BELSKY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.409-428 Titre : Annual Research Review: Parenting and children’s brain development: the end of the beginning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Michelle DE HAAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.409-428 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : After questioning the practical significance of evidence that parenting influences brain development – while highlighting the scientific importance of such work for understanding how family experience shapes human development – this paper reviews evidence suggesting that brain structure and function are ‘chiselled’ by parenting. Although the generalisability of most findings is limited due to a disproportionate, but understandable focus on clinical samples (e.g., maltreated children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) and causal inferences are difficult to draw because of the observational nature of most of the evidence, it is noteworthy that some work with community samples and very new experimental work (e.g., parent training) suggests that tentative conclusions regarding effects of parenting on the developing brain may well be substantiated in future research. Such efforts should focus on parenting in the normal range, experimental manipulations of parenting, differential susceptibility to parenting effects and pathway models linking parenting to brain development and, thereby, to behavioural development. Research on parenting and children’s brain development may be regarded as at ‘the end of the beginning’. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02281.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: Parenting and children’s brain development: the end of the beginning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Michelle DE HAAN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.409-428. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.409-428 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : After questioning the practical significance of evidence that parenting influences brain development – while highlighting the scientific importance of such work for understanding how family experience shapes human development – this paper reviews evidence suggesting that brain structure and function are ‘chiselled’ by parenting. Although the generalisability of most findings is limited due to a disproportionate, but understandable focus on clinical samples (e.g., maltreated children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) and causal inferences are difficult to draw because of the observational nature of most of the evidence, it is noteworthy that some work with community samples and very new experimental work (e.g., parent training) suggests that tentative conclusions regarding effects of parenting on the developing brain may well be substantiated in future research. Such efforts should focus on parenting in the normal range, experimental manipulations of parenting, differential susceptibility to parenting effects and pathway models linking parenting to brain development and, thereby, to behavioural development. Research on parenting and children’s brain development may be regarded as at ‘the end of the beginning’. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02281.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: Developmental considerations of gene by environment interactions / Rhoshel LENROOT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.429-441 Titre : Annual Research Review: Developmental considerations of gene by environment interactions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rhoshel LENROOT, Auteur ; Jay N. GIEDD, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.429-441 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Biological development is driven by a complex dance between nurture and nature, determined not only by the specific features of the interacting genetic and environmental influences but also by the timing of their rendezvous. The initiation of large-scale longitudinal studies, ever-expanding knowledge of genetics, and increasing availability of neuroimaging data to provide endophenotypic bridges between molecules and behavior are beginning to provide some insight into interactions of developmental stage, genes, and the environment, although daunting challenges remain. Prominent amongst these challenges are difficulties in identifying and quantifying relevant environmental factors, discerning the relative contributions to multiply determined outcomes, and the likelihood that brain development is a non-linear dynamic process in which small initial differences may yield large later effects. Age-sensitive mechanisms include developmental changes in gene expression, epigenetic modifications, synaptic arborization/pruning, and maturational improvements in our capacity to seek out environments of our choosing. Greater understanding of how genetic and environmental factors interact differently across ages is an important step toward elucidating the mechanisms by which phenotypes are created – and how they may differ in health and disease. This knowledge may also provide clues to guide the type and timing of interventions to maximize outcomes. En ligne : Development; child; brain; heritability; epigenetics Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: Developmental considerations of gene by environment interactions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rhoshel LENROOT, Auteur ; Jay N. GIEDD, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.429-441. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.429-441 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Biological development is driven by a complex dance between nurture and nature, determined not only by the specific features of the interacting genetic and environmental influences but also by the timing of their rendezvous. The initiation of large-scale longitudinal studies, ever-expanding knowledge of genetics, and increasing availability of neuroimaging data to provide endophenotypic bridges between molecules and behavior are beginning to provide some insight into interactions of developmental stage, genes, and the environment, although daunting challenges remain. Prominent amongst these challenges are difficulties in identifying and quantifying relevant environmental factors, discerning the relative contributions to multiply determined outcomes, and the likelihood that brain development is a non-linear dynamic process in which small initial differences may yield large later effects. Age-sensitive mechanisms include developmental changes in gene expression, epigenetic modifications, synaptic arborization/pruning, and maturational improvements in our capacity to seek out environments of our choosing. Greater understanding of how genetic and environmental factors interact differently across ages is an important step toward elucidating the mechanisms by which phenotypes are created – and how they may differ in health and disease. This knowledge may also provide clues to guide the type and timing of interventions to maximize outcomes. En ligne : Development; child; brain; heritability; epigenetics Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: Transgenic mouse models of childhood-onset psychiatric disorders / Holly R. ROBERTSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.442-475 Titre : Annual Research Review: Transgenic mouse models of childhood-onset psychiatric disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Holly R. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Guoping FENG, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.442-475 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animal disorders  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder  autism  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  mood disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Childhood-onset psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mood disorders, obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSD), and schizophrenia (SZ), affect many school-age children, leading to a lower quality of life, including difficulties in school and personal relationships that persist into adulthood. Currently, the causes of these psychiatric disorders are poorly understood, resulting in difficulty diagnosing affected children, and insufficient treatment options. Family and twin studies implicate a genetic contribution for ADHD, ASD, mood disorders, OCSD, and SZ. Identification of candidate genes and chromosomal regions associated with a particular disorder provide targets for directed research, and understanding how these genes influence the disease state will provide valuable insights for improving the diagnosis and treatment of children with psychiatric disorders. Transgenic mouse models are one important approach in the study of human diseases, allowing for the use of a variety of experimental approaches to dissect the contribution of a specific chromosomal or genetic abnormality in human disorders. While it is impossible to model an entire psychiatric disorder in a single mouse model, these models can be extremely valuable in dissecting out the specific role of a gene, pathway, neuron subtype, or brain region in a particular abnormal behavior. In this review we discuss existing transgenic mouse models for childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. We compare the strength and weakness of various transgenic mouse models proposed for each of the common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders, and discuss future directions for the study of these disorders using cutting-edge genetic tools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02380.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: Transgenic mouse models of childhood-onset psychiatric disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Holly R. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Guoping FENG, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.442-475. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.442-475 Mots-clés : Animal disorders  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder  autism  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  mood disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Childhood-onset psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mood disorders, obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSD), and schizophrenia (SZ), affect many school-age children, leading to a lower quality of life, including difficulties in school and personal relationships that persist into adulthood. Currently, the causes of these psychiatric disorders are poorly understood, resulting in difficulty diagnosing affected children, and insufficient treatment options. Family and twin studies implicate a genetic contribution for ADHD, ASD, mood disorders, OCSD, and SZ. Identification of candidate genes and chromosomal regions associated with a particular disorder provide targets for directed research, and understanding how these genes influence the disease state will provide valuable insights for improving the diagnosis and treatment of children with psychiatric disorders. Transgenic mouse models are one important approach in the study of human diseases, allowing for the use of a variety of experimental approaches to dissect the contribution of a specific chromosomal or genetic abnormality in human disorders. While it is impossible to model an entire psychiatric disorder in a single mouse model, these models can be extremely valuable in dissecting out the specific role of a gene, pathway, neuron subtype, or brain region in a particular abnormal behavior. In this review we discuss existing transgenic mouse models for childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. We compare the strength and weakness of various transgenic mouse models proposed for each of the common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders, and discuss future directions for the study of these disorders using cutting-edge genetic tools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02380.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: New frontiers in developmental neuropharmacology: can long-term therapeutic effects of drugs be optimized through carefully timed early intervention? / Susan L. ANDERSEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.476-503 Titre : Annual Research Review: New frontiers in developmental neuropharmacology: can long-term therapeutic effects of drugs be optimized through carefully timed early intervention? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan L. ANDERSEN, Auteur ; Carryl P. NAVALTA, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.476-503 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  child  development  imprinting  medication  programming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our aim is to present a working model that may serve as a valuable heuristic to predict enduring effects of drugs when administered during development. Our primary tenet is that a greater understanding of neurodevelopment can lead to improved treatment that intervenes early in the progression of a given disorder and prevents symptoms from manifesting. The immature brain undergoes significant changes during the transitions between childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Such changes in innervation, neurotransmitter levels, and their respective signaling mechanisms have profound and observable changes on typical behavior, but also increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders when the maturational process goes awry. Given the remarkable plasticity of the immature brain to adapt to its external milieu, preventive interventions may be possible. We intend for this review to initiate a discussion of how currently used psychotropic agents can influence brain development. Drug exposure during sensitive periods may have beneficial long-term effects, but harmful delayed consequences may be possible as well. Regardless of the outcome, this information needs to be used to improve or develop alternative approaches for the treatment of childhood disorders. With this framework in mind, we present what is known about the effects of stimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics on brain maturation (including animal studies that use more clinically-relevant dosing paradigms or relevant animal models). We endeavor to provocatively set the stage for altering treatment approaches for improving mental health in non-adult populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02376.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: New frontiers in developmental neuropharmacology: can long-term therapeutic effects of drugs be optimized through carefully timed early intervention? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan L. ANDERSEN, Auteur ; Carryl P. NAVALTA, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.476-503. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.476-503 Mots-clés : Adolescent  child  development  imprinting  medication  programming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our aim is to present a working model that may serve as a valuable heuristic to predict enduring effects of drugs when administered during development. Our primary tenet is that a greater understanding of neurodevelopment can lead to improved treatment that intervenes early in the progression of a given disorder and prevents symptoms from manifesting. The immature brain undergoes significant changes during the transitions between childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Such changes in innervation, neurotransmitter levels, and their respective signaling mechanisms have profound and observable changes on typical behavior, but also increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders when the maturational process goes awry. Given the remarkable plasticity of the immature brain to adapt to its external milieu, preventive interventions may be possible. We intend for this review to initiate a discussion of how currently used psychotropic agents can influence brain development. Drug exposure during sensitive periods may have beneficial long-term effects, but harmful delayed consequences may be possible as well. Regardless of the outcome, this information needs to be used to improve or develop alternative approaches for the treatment of childhood disorders. With this framework in mind, we present what is known about the effects of stimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics on brain maturation (including animal studies that use more clinically-relevant dosing paradigms or relevant animal models). We endeavor to provocatively set the stage for altering treatment approaches for improving mental health in non-adult populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02376.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119

Annual Research Review: The promise of stem cell research for neuropsychiatric disorders / Flora M. VACCARINO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-4 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.504-516 Titre : Annual Research Review: The promise of stem cell research for neuropsychiatric disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Flora M. VACCARINO, Auteur ; Alexander ECKEHART URBAN, Auteur ; Hanna E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Anna SZEKELY, Auteur ; Alexej ABYZOV, Auteur ; Elena L. GRIGORENKO, Auteur ; Mark GERSTEIN, Auteur ; Sherman WEISSMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.504-516 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study of the developing brain has begun to shed light on the underpinnings of both early and adult onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging of the human brain across developmental time points and the use of model animal systems have combined to reveal brain systems and gene products that may play a role in autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and many other neurodevelopmental conditions. However, precisely how genes may function in human brain development and how they interact with each other leading to psychiatric disorders is unknown. Because of an increasing understanding of neural stem cells and how the nervous system subsequently develops from these cells, we have now the ability to study disorders of the nervous system in a new way – by rewinding and reviewing the development of human neural cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), developed from mature somatic cells, have allowed the development of specific cells in patients to be observed in real time. Moreover, they have allowed some neuronal-specific abnormalities to be corrected with pharmacological intervention in tissue culture. These exciting advances based on the use of iPSCs hold great promise for understanding, diagnosing and, possibly, treating psychiatric disorders. Specifically, examination of iPSCs from typically developing individuals will reveal how basic cellular processes and genetic differences contribute to individually unique nervous systems. Moreover, by comparing iPSCs from typically developing individuals and patients, differences at stem cell stages, through neural differentiation, and into the development of functional neurons may be identified that will reveal opportunities for intervention. The application of such techniques to early onset neuropsychiatric disorders is still on the horizon but has become a reality of current research efforts as a consequence of the revelations of many years of basic developmental neurobiological science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02348.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 [article] Annual Research Review: The promise of stem cell research for neuropsychiatric disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Flora M. VACCARINO, Auteur ; Alexander ECKEHART URBAN, Auteur ; Hanna E. STEVENS, Auteur ; Anna SZEKELY, Auteur ; Alexej ABYZOV, Auteur ; Elena L. GRIGORENKO, Auteur ; Mark GERSTEIN, Auteur ; Sherman WEISSMAN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.504-516. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-4 (April 2011) . - p.504-516 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study of the developing brain has begun to shed light on the underpinnings of both early and adult onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging of the human brain across developmental time points and the use of model animal systems have combined to reveal brain systems and gene products that may play a role in autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and many other neurodevelopmental conditions. However, precisely how genes may function in human brain development and how they interact with each other leading to psychiatric disorders is unknown. Because of an increasing understanding of neural stem cells and how the nervous system subsequently develops from these cells, we have now the ability to study disorders of the nervous system in a new way – by rewinding and reviewing the development of human neural cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), developed from mature somatic cells, have allowed the development of specific cells in patients to be observed in real time. Moreover, they have allowed some neuronal-specific abnormalities to be corrected with pharmacological intervention in tissue culture. These exciting advances based on the use of iPSCs hold great promise for understanding, diagnosing and, possibly, treating psychiatric disorders. Specifically, examination of iPSCs from typically developing individuals will reveal how basic cellular processes and genetic differences contribute to individually unique nervous systems. Moreover, by comparing iPSCs from typically developing individuals and patients, differences at stem cell stages, through neural differentiation, and into the development of functional neurons may be identified that will reveal opportunities for intervention. The application of such techniques to early onset neuropsychiatric disorders is still on the horizon but has become a reality of current research efforts as a consequence of the revelations of many years of basic developmental neurobiological science. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02348.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119