Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder / M. S. ROHDE in Autism, 22-7 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.855-865 Titre : Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. S. ROHDE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; R. FIMMERS, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.855-865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  extreme male brain  mental rotation  sex differences  visuo-spatial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental rotation is one of the most investigated cognitive functions showing consistent sex differences. The 'Extreme Male Brain' hypothesis attributes the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to an extreme version of the male cognitive profile. Previous investigations focused almost exclusively on males with autism spectrum disorder with only limited implications for affected females. This study is the first testing a sample of 12 female adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared to 14 males with autism spectrum disorder, 12 typically developing females and 14 typically developing males employing a computerised version of the mental rotation test. Reaction time and accuracy served as dependent variables. Their linear relationship with degree of rotation allows separation of rotational aspects of the task, indicated by slopes of the psychometric function, and non-rotational aspects, indicated by intercepts of the psychometric function. While the typical and expected sex difference for rotational task aspects was corroborated in typically developing individuals, no comparable sex difference was found in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals did not differ in mental rotation performance. This finding does not support the extreme male brain hypothesis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. S. ROHDE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; R. FIMMERS, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.855-865. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.855-865 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  extreme male brain  mental rotation  sex differences  visuo-spatial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental rotation is one of the most investigated cognitive functions showing consistent sex differences. The 'Extreme Male Brain' hypothesis attributes the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to an extreme version of the male cognitive profile. Previous investigations focused almost exclusively on males with autism spectrum disorder with only limited implications for affected females. This study is the first testing a sample of 12 female adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared to 14 males with autism spectrum disorder, 12 typically developing females and 14 typically developing males employing a computerised version of the mental rotation test. Reaction time and accuracy served as dependent variables. Their linear relationship with degree of rotation allows separation of rotational aspects of the task, indicated by slopes of the psychometric function, and non-rotational aspects, indicated by intercepts of the psychometric function. While the typical and expected sex difference for rotational task aspects was corroborated in typically developing individuals, no comparable sex difference was found in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals did not differ in mental rotation performance. This finding does not support the extreme male brain hypothesis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There / F. ALLENMARK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3744-3758 Titre : Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. ALLENMARK, Auteur ; Z. SHI, Auteur ; R. L. PISTORIUS, Auteur ; L. A. THEISINGER, Auteur ; N. KOUTSOULERIS, Auteur ; P. FALKAI, Auteur ; H. J. MÜLLER, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3744-3758 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Knowledge  Learning  Reaction Time  Predictive coding  Visual attention  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are thought to under-rely on prior knowledge in perceptual decision-making. This study examined whether this applies to decisions of attention allocation, of relevance for 'predictive-coding' accounts of ASD. In a visual search task, a salient but task-irrelevant distractor appeared with higher probability in one display half. Individuals with ASD learned to avoid 'attentional capture' by distractors in the probable region as effectively as control participants-indicating typical priors for deploying attention. However, capture by a 'surprising' distractor at an unlikely location led to greatly slowed identification of a subsequent target at that location-indicating that individuals with ASD attempt to control surprise (unexpected attentional capture) by over-regulating parameters in post-selective decision-making. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04828-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453 [article] Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. ALLENMARK, Auteur ; Z. SHI, Auteur ; R. L. PISTORIUS, Auteur ; L. A. THEISINGER, Auteur ; N. KOUTSOULERIS, Auteur ; P. FALKAI, Auteur ; H. J. MÜLLER, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.3744-3758. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3744-3758 Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Knowledge  Learning  Reaction Time  Predictive coding  Visual attention  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are thought to under-rely on prior knowledge in perceptual decision-making. This study examined whether this applies to decisions of attention allocation, of relevance for 'predictive-coding' accounts of ASD. In a visual search task, a salient but task-irrelevant distractor appeared with higher probability in one display half. Individuals with ASD learned to avoid 'attentional capture' by distractors in the probable region as effectively as control participants-indicating typical priors for deploying attention. However, capture by a 'surprising' distractor at an unlikely location led to greatly slowed identification of a subsequent target at that location-indicating that individuals with ASD attempt to control surprise (unexpected attentional capture) by over-regulating parameters in post-selective decision-making. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04828-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453

Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous / M. INTAITE in Autism, 23-5 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1133-1142 Titre : Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. INTAITE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; V. NOREIKA, Auteur ; M. A. VON SALDERN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1133-1142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptation  ambiguous figures  autistic spectrum condition  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the perception of an ambiguous squares stimulus evoking bistable perception in a sample of 31 individuals with autistic spectrum condition and 22 matched typical adults. The perception of the ambiguous figure was manipulated by adaptation to unambiguous figures and/or by placing the ambiguous figure into a context of unambiguous figures. This resulted in four conditions testing the independent and combined (congruent and incongruent) manipulations of adaptation (bottom-up) and spatial context (top-down) effects. The strength of perception, as measured by perception of the first reported orientation of the ambiguous stimulus, was affected comparably between groups. Nevertheless, the strength of perception, as measured by perceptual durations, was affected differently between groups: the perceptual effect was strongest for the autistic spectrum condition group when combined bottom-up and top-down conditions were congruent. In contrast, the strength of the perceptual effect in response to the same condition in the typical adults group was comparable to the adaptation, but stronger than both the context and the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions. Furthermore, the context condition was stronger than the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions for the typical adults group. Thus, our findings support the view of stimulus-specific top-down modulation in autistic spectrum condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318782221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 [article] Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. INTAITE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; V. NOREIKA, Auteur ; M. A. VON SALDERN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.1133-1142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1133-1142 Mots-clés : adaptation  ambiguous figures  autistic spectrum condition  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the perception of an ambiguous squares stimulus evoking bistable perception in a sample of 31 individuals with autistic spectrum condition and 22 matched typical adults. The perception of the ambiguous figure was manipulated by adaptation to unambiguous figures and/or by placing the ambiguous figure into a context of unambiguous figures. This resulted in four conditions testing the independent and combined (congruent and incongruent) manipulations of adaptation (bottom-up) and spatial context (top-down) effects. The strength of perception, as measured by perception of the first reported orientation of the ambiguous stimulus, was affected comparably between groups. Nevertheless, the strength of perception, as measured by perceptual durations, was affected differently between groups: the perceptual effect was strongest for the autistic spectrum condition group when combined bottom-up and top-down conditions were congruent. In contrast, the strength of the perceptual effect in response to the same condition in the typical adults group was comparable to the adaptation, but stronger than both the context and the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions. Furthermore, the context condition was stronger than the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions for the typical adults group. Thus, our findings support the view of stimulus-specific top-down modulation in autistic spectrum condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318782221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401

Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder / M. KUSCHEFSKI in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.505-516 Titre : Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. KUSCHEFSKI, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.505-516 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dominance  dyadic social interaction  nonverbal communication  power  submissiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back-to-back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505-516 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. KUSCHEFSKI, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur . - p.505-516. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.505-516 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dominance  dyadic social interaction  nonverbal communication  power  submissiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back-to-back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505-516 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Interrupted Time Experience in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Empirical Evidence from Content Analysis / D. VOGEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-1 (January 2019) . - p.22-33 Titre : Interrupted Time Experience in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Empirical Evidence from Content Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. VOGEL, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; T. SCHOOFS, Auteur ; K. KRAMER, Auteur ; C. KUPKE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.22-33 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum-disorder  Content analysis  Perceptual inference  Psychopathology  Time experience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although the experience of time is of central relevance for psychopathology, qualitative approaches to study the inner experience of time have been largely neglected in autism research. We present results from qualitative data acquired from 26 adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Employing inductive content analysis we identified a distinct pattern of interrupted time experience in ASD. Individuals with ASD seemed to implement structured and routine behavior by future planning to guarantee that the present passed uninterrupted. We reason that the success of corresponding compensatory mechanisms determines the development of distress and noticeable symptoms. Considering recent theories on Bayesian perceptual inference we relate the syndrome of interrupted time experience to the putative neuronal mechanisms underlying time experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3771-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=376 [article] Interrupted Time Experience in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Empirical Evidence from Content Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. VOGEL, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; T. SCHOOFS, Auteur ; K. KRAMER, Auteur ; C. KUPKE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur . - p.22-33. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-1 (January 2019) . - p.22-33 Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum-disorder  Content analysis  Perceptual inference  Psychopathology  Time experience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although the experience of time is of central relevance for psychopathology, qualitative approaches to study the inner experience of time have been largely neglected in autism research. We present results from qualitative data acquired from 26 adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Employing inductive content analysis we identified a distinct pattern of interrupted time experience in ASD. Individuals with ASD seemed to implement structured and routine behavior by future planning to guarantee that the present passed uninterrupted. We reason that the success of corresponding compensatory mechanisms determines the development of distress and noticeable symptoms. Considering recent theories on Bayesian perceptual inference we relate the syndrome of interrupted time experience to the putative neuronal mechanisms underlying time experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3771-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=376

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