Altered Autonomic Functions and Gut Microbiome in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Implications for Assisting ASD Screening and Diagnosis / Xuejun KONG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.144-157 Titre : Altered Autonomic Functions and Gut Microbiome in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Implications for Assisting ASD Screening and Diagnosis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Xuejun KONG, Auteur ; Jun LIU, Auteur ; Kevin LIU, Auteur ; Madelyn KOH, Auteur ; Ruiyi TIAN, Auteur ; Clara HOBBIE, Auteur ; Michelle FONG, Auteur ; Qiuyi CHEN, Auteur ; Minxuan ZHAO, Auteur ; Christoph BUDJAN, Auteur ; Jian KONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.144-157 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  Autonomic dysfunction  Biomarker  Gut microbiome  Gut-brain-axis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological and developmental disorder, and a growing body of literature suggests the presence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in individuals with ASD. ANS is part of the "gut brain axis", which consists of an intricate interplay between the gut microbiome, mucosal immune system, enteric nervous system, ANS, and central processes receiving input from the vagus nerve. Measurements of the gut microbiome and the autonomic indices can serve as non-invasive markers of the status of the gut-brain axis in ASD. To our knowledge, no previous studies have explored the relationship between ANS and gut microbiome in individuals with ASD. Furthermore, while previous studies investigated the use of autonomic indices and gut microbiome independently as markers of ASD-related comorbidities, such as anxiety, cardiovascular issues, and gastrointestinal dysfunction, the use of combined autonomic indices and gut microbiome factors to classify ASD and control subjects has not been explored. In this study, we characterized autonomic function of a group of individuals with ASD in comparison to their paired, first-degree relative controls. Second, we explored the ASD gut-brain-axis through the relationship between gut microbiome markers and autonomic indices, as well as the correlation between the gut-brain-axis and clinical presentation of ASD. Lastly, this study explores the predictive capability of gut-brain-axis biomarkers (including autonomic and microbiome indices) in subtyping ASD cases, serving as a starting point to investigate the possibility of assisting in ASD screening and diagnosis that still heavily relies on psychological testing, which may be based on highly subjective standards. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04524-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 [article] Altered Autonomic Functions and Gut Microbiome in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Implications for Assisting ASD Screening and Diagnosis [texte imprimé] / Xuejun KONG, Auteur ; Jun LIU, Auteur ; Kevin LIU, Auteur ; Madelyn KOH, Auteur ; Ruiyi TIAN, Auteur ; Clara HOBBIE, Auteur ; Michelle FONG, Auteur ; Qiuyi CHEN, Auteur ; Minxuan ZHAO, Auteur ; Christoph BUDJAN, Auteur ; Jian KONG, Auteur . - p.144-157. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.144-157 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  Autonomic dysfunction  Biomarker  Gut microbiome  Gut-brain-axis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological and developmental disorder, and a growing body of literature suggests the presence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in individuals with ASD. ANS is part of the "gut brain axis", which consists of an intricate interplay between the gut microbiome, mucosal immune system, enteric nervous system, ANS, and central processes receiving input from the vagus nerve. Measurements of the gut microbiome and the autonomic indices can serve as non-invasive markers of the status of the gut-brain axis in ASD. To our knowledge, no previous studies have explored the relationship between ANS and gut microbiome in individuals with ASD. Furthermore, while previous studies investigated the use of autonomic indices and gut microbiome independently as markers of ASD-related comorbidities, such as anxiety, cardiovascular issues, and gastrointestinal dysfunction, the use of combined autonomic indices and gut microbiome factors to classify ASD and control subjects has not been explored. In this study, we characterized autonomic function of a group of individuals with ASD in comparison to their paired, first-degree relative controls. Second, we explored the ASD gut-brain-axis through the relationship between gut microbiome markers and autonomic indices, as well as the correlation between the gut-brain-axis and clinical presentation of ASD. Lastly, this study explores the predictive capability of gut-brain-axis biomarkers (including autonomic and microbiome indices) in subtyping ASD cases, serving as a starting point to investigate the possibility of assisting in ASD screening and diagnosis that still heavily relies on psychological testing, which may be based on highly subjective standards. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04524-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437

Applying Eye Tracking to Identify Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children / Guo-Bin WAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-1 (January 2019) . - p.209-215 Titre : Applying Eye Tracking to Identify Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Guo-Bin WAN, Auteur ; Xuejun KONG, Auteur ; Binbin SUN, Auteur ; Siyi YU, Auteur ; Yiheng TU, Auteur ; Jungwee PARK, Auteur ; Courtney LANG, Auteur ; Madelyn KOH, Auteur ; Zhen WEI, Auteur ; Zhe FENG, Auteur ; Yan LIN, Auteur ; Jian KONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.209-215 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Eye tracking  Face  Fixation time  Machine learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye tracking (ET) holds potential for the early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To overcome the difficulties of working with young children, developing a short and informative paradigm is crucial for ET. We investigated the fixation times of 37 ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) children ages 4-6 watching a 10-second video of a female speaking. ASD children showed significant reductions in fixation time at six areas of interest. Furthermore, discriminant analysis revealed fixation times at the mouth and body could significantly discriminate ASD from TD with a classification accuracy of 85.1%, sensitivity of 86.5%, and specificity of 83.8%. Our study suggests that a short video clip may provide enough information to distinguish ASD from TD children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3690-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=377 [article] Applying Eye Tracking to Identify Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children [texte imprimé] / Guo-Bin WAN, Auteur ; Xuejun KONG, Auteur ; Binbin SUN, Auteur ; Siyi YU, Auteur ; Yiheng TU, Auteur ; Jungwee PARK, Auteur ; Courtney LANG, Auteur ; Madelyn KOH, Auteur ; Zhen WEI, Auteur ; Zhe FENG, Auteur ; Yan LIN, Auteur ; Jian KONG, Auteur . - p.209-215. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-1 (January 2019) . - p.209-215 Mots-clés : Autism  Eye tracking  Face  Fixation time  Machine learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye tracking (ET) holds potential for the early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To overcome the difficulties of working with young children, developing a short and informative paradigm is crucial for ET. We investigated the fixation times of 37 ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) children ages 4-6 watching a 10-second video of a female speaking. ASD children showed significant reductions in fixation time at six areas of interest. Furthermore, discriminant analysis revealed fixation times at the mouth and body could significantly discriminate ASD from TD with a classification accuracy of 85.1%, sensitivity of 86.5%, and specificity of 83.8%. Our study suggests that a short video clip may provide enough information to distinguish ASD from TD children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3690-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=377

Atypical longitudinal development of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders / Jierong CHEN in Autism Research, 12-7 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-7 (July 2019) . - p.1022-1031 Titre : Atypical longitudinal development of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jierong CHEN, Auteur ; Chun LIANG, Auteur ; Zhen WEI, Auteur ; Zitian CUI, Auteur ; Xuejun KONG, Auteur ; Cun-Jian DONG, Auteur ; Yuan LAI, Auteur ; Ziwen PENG, Auteur ; Guo-Bin WAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.1022-1031 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  language impairment  preschool child  speech-evoked auditory brainstem response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Language impairment is common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous research has shown that this disability may be, in part, due to atypical auditory processing of speech stimuli. However, how speech sounds are processed in children with ASD remains largely unknown. The present study assessed the developmental pattern of auditory information processing at the level of the brainstem in preschool children with ASD using speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR). Children with ASD (N = 15) and of typical developing (TD) (N = 20), both of preschool age, were enrolled. The speech-ABRs recorded at two different time points (T1 and T2; 9.68 months apart on average) were virtually identical in the TD group. However, in the ASD group, the wave V latency of speech-ABR was significantly shortened and the amplitudes of wave A and C were significantly larger at T2, compared to those recorded at T1 (10.78 months apart on average). Compared to the TD group, the wave V and A latencies were prolonged at T1, whereas the wave E amplitude decreased and wave F latency prolonged at T2. There was a positive partial correlation between the language performance and the wave A amplitude in the ASD group. These results indicate that auditory processing at the subcortical level is well-developed in the TD preschool children, but is immature and abnormal in the children with ASD at the same ages. Thus, aberrant speech processing at the brainstem level may contribute significantly to the language impairment in children with ASD at preschool ages. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1022-1031. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Language impairment is common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We investigated the developmental pattern of subcortical auditory processing by monitoring changes in the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) over a period of 10 months in preschool children. Our results show that subcortical auditory processing is impaired and immature in children with ASD compared with age-matched, typically developing children. The results suggest that speech-ABR may be used as an objective measure in evaluating the language performance of children with ASD. The results also suggest that aberrant speech processing at the level of the brainstem may contribute significantly to the language impairment in preschool children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2110 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402 [article] Atypical longitudinal development of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders [texte imprimé] / Jierong CHEN, Auteur ; Chun LIANG, Auteur ; Zhen WEI, Auteur ; Zitian CUI, Auteur ; Xuejun KONG, Auteur ; Cun-Jian DONG, Auteur ; Yuan LAI, Auteur ; Ziwen PENG, Auteur ; Guo-Bin WAN, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.1022-1031. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-7 (July 2019) . - p.1022-1031 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  language impairment  preschool child  speech-evoked auditory brainstem response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Language impairment is common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous research has shown that this disability may be, in part, due to atypical auditory processing of speech stimuli. However, how speech sounds are processed in children with ASD remains largely unknown. The present study assessed the developmental pattern of auditory information processing at the level of the brainstem in preschool children with ASD using speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR). Children with ASD (N = 15) and of typical developing (TD) (N = 20), both of preschool age, were enrolled. The speech-ABRs recorded at two different time points (T1 and T2; 9.68 months apart on average) were virtually identical in the TD group. However, in the ASD group, the wave V latency of speech-ABR was significantly shortened and the amplitudes of wave A and C were significantly larger at T2, compared to those recorded at T1 (10.78 months apart on average). Compared to the TD group, the wave V and A latencies were prolonged at T1, whereas the wave E amplitude decreased and wave F latency prolonged at T2. There was a positive partial correlation between the language performance and the wave A amplitude in the ASD group. These results indicate that auditory processing at the subcortical level is well-developed in the TD preschool children, but is immature and abnormal in the children with ASD at the same ages. Thus, aberrant speech processing at the brainstem level may contribute significantly to the language impairment in children with ASD at preschool ages. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1022-1031. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Language impairment is common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We investigated the developmental pattern of subcortical auditory processing by monitoring changes in the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) over a period of 10 months in preschool children. Our results show that subcortical auditory processing is impaired and immature in children with ASD compared with age-matched, typically developing children. The results suggest that speech-ABR may be used as an objective measure in evaluating the language performance of children with ASD. The results also suggest that aberrant speech processing at the level of the brainstem may contribute significantly to the language impairment in preschool children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2110 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=402

Autoantibody and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review / Tianle ZOU in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 75 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 75 (July 2020) . - p.101568 Titre : Autoantibody and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tianle ZOU, Auteur ; Jun LIU, Auteur ; Xueying ZHANG, Auteur ; Huilin TANG, Auteur ; Yiqing SONG, Auteur ; Xuejun KONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101568 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Autoimmune  Autoantibody  Immune-mediated autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1.7 % of US pediatric population, with a growing prevalence world-wide. Autoimmunity is one of potential pathogenic factors for ASD, which is attracting much attention and undergoing extensive investigations. For more than a decade, many groups have been studying the association between autoantibodies and ASD. Although several narrative reviews have been published on autoantibodies and ASD, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been performed. In this study, we conducted the first systematic review and evaluated available evidence for the association between ASD and major autoantibodies to identifiable antigens, together with a broader discussion of autoantibodies with no identifiable antigens. The goal is to examine studies of pediatric subjects specifically and overall, we found that children with ASD expressed trends of higher levels of antibodies reactive to folate receptor α autoantibody, anti-myelin basic protein antibodies, anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies, anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies, anti-endothelial cell antibodies, and anti-nuclear antibody, compared to healthy controls. However, the quality of evidence is low across the board because most studies were small and many did not include comparison controls. In addition, we were not able to perform a meta-analysis due to large between-study heterogeneity or lack of quantitative measures in most studies. Finally, we discussed future directions for the development of diagnostic guidelines and therapeutic targets for possible autoimmune-mediated ASD subtypes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101568 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426 [article] Autoantibody and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review [texte imprimé] / Tianle ZOU, Auteur ; Jun LIU, Auteur ; Xueying ZHANG, Auteur ; Huilin TANG, Auteur ; Yiqing SONG, Auteur ; Xuejun KONG, Auteur . - p.101568. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 75 (July 2020) . - p.101568 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Autoimmune  Autoantibody  Immune-mediated autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1.7 % of US pediatric population, with a growing prevalence world-wide. Autoimmunity is one of potential pathogenic factors for ASD, which is attracting much attention and undergoing extensive investigations. For more than a decade, many groups have been studying the association between autoantibodies and ASD. Although several narrative reviews have been published on autoantibodies and ASD, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been performed. In this study, we conducted the first systematic review and evaluated available evidence for the association between ASD and major autoantibodies to identifiable antigens, together with a broader discussion of autoantibodies with no identifiable antigens. The goal is to examine studies of pediatric subjects specifically and overall, we found that children with ASD expressed trends of higher levels of antibodies reactive to folate receptor α autoantibody, anti-myelin basic protein antibodies, anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies, anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies, anti-endothelial cell antibodies, and anti-nuclear antibody, compared to healthy controls. However, the quality of evidence is low across the board because most studies were small and many did not include comparison controls. In addition, we were not able to perform a meta-analysis due to large between-study heterogeneity or lack of quantitative measures in most studies. Finally, we discussed future directions for the development of diagnostic guidelines and therapeutic targets for possible autoimmune-mediated ASD subtypes. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101568 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426

A Systematic Network of Autism Primary Care Services (SYNAPSE): A Model of Coproduction for the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder / Xuejun KONG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-5 (May 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-5 (May 2020) . - p.1847-1853 Titre : A Systematic Network of Autism Primary Care Services (SYNAPSE): A Model of Coproduction for the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Xuejun KONG, Auteur ; Jun LIU, Auteur ; Tiffany CHIEN, Auteur ; Maren BATALDEN, Auteur ; David A HIRSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1847-1853 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Care transformation  Co-occurring conditions  Primary care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is growing rapidly, affecting 1 in 59 children in the United States in 2018. Individuals with ASD currently receive fragmented care that threatens their health and well-being. Challenges of autism care include disconnections between the medical system and school supports, poor care coordination between primary care and specialists, and saturation of neuropsychiatry-based centers' capacity to care for the ASD population. ASD treatment also lacks of a coordinated system of care for patients' multi-system comorbidities. Families are calling for an ASD care delivery system to meet their needs and the needs of their children. To serve people with ASD and their medical and other providers, we propose a coordinated approach to care grounded in primary care. We call the model the "Systematic Network of Autism Primary Care Services (SYNAPSE)." We develop the model by applying the frameworks of "coproduction" of care and chronic disease management. In this Commentary we discuss the model's rationale, underpinnings, and the implications for clinical practice. We advance these ideas to align with policy makers' recognition of the importance of primary care for ASD, as reflected by the most recent Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) meeting at the National Institute of Mental Health. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03922-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422 [article] A Systematic Network of Autism Primary Care Services (SYNAPSE): A Model of Coproduction for the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / Xuejun KONG, Auteur ; Jun LIU, Auteur ; Tiffany CHIEN, Auteur ; Maren BATALDEN, Auteur ; David A HIRSH, Auteur . - p.1847-1853. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-5 (May 2020) . - p.1847-1853 Mots-clés : Autism  Care transformation  Co-occurring conditions  Primary care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is growing rapidly, affecting 1 in 59 children in the United States in 2018. Individuals with ASD currently receive fragmented care that threatens their health and well-being. Challenges of autism care include disconnections between the medical system and school supports, poor care coordination between primary care and specialists, and saturation of neuropsychiatry-based centers' capacity to care for the ASD population. ASD treatment also lacks of a coordinated system of care for patients' multi-system comorbidities. Families are calling for an ASD care delivery system to meet their needs and the needs of their children. To serve people with ASD and their medical and other providers, we propose a coordinated approach to care grounded in primary care. We call the model the "Systematic Network of Autism Primary Care Services (SYNAPSE)." We develop the model by applying the frameworks of "coproduction" of care and chronic disease management. In this Commentary we discuss the model's rationale, underpinnings, and the implications for clinical practice. We advance these ideas to align with policy makers' recognition of the importance of primary care for ASD, as reflected by the most recent Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) meeting at the National Institute of Mental Health. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03922-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422

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