Development and evaluation of a novel caregiver-report tool to assess barriers to physical healthcare for people on the autism spectrum / C. WALSH in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 79 (November 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 79 (November 2020) . - 101680 Titre : Development and evaluation of a novel caregiver-report tool to assess barriers to physical healthcare for people on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. WALSH, Auteur ; S. LYDON, Auteur ; A. HEHIR, Auteur ; P. O’CONNOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101680 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Healthcare access  Reasonable adjustments  Healthcare equity  Healthcare disparities  Health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Introduction People on the autism spectrum often experience poorer health than the general population despite higher engagement with the health services. This suggests a disparity in the accessibility of appropriate healthcare for autistic individuals. To improve access, barriers the autism community experience in healthcare first need to be identified. This paper aimed to: 1) develop and evaluate a caregiver-report tool; 2) identify barriers to physical healthcare for autistic individuals; and 3) identify potential contributing factors. Methods A previously established taxonomy of barriers to healthcare for autistic individuals informed the development of the tool; this was then distributed to caregivers of autistic adults and children. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assessed validity and reliability of the tool. Multiple Regressions were performed to identify predictors of barriers. Results In total, caregivers of 194 autistic children or adults participated in the study. The EFA produced four factors: 1) patient-level barriers; 2) healthcare provider-level (HCP) barriers; 3) healthcare system-level barriers; and 4) barriers related to managing healthcare. The greatest barriers included difficulties with identifying/reporting symptoms (endorsed by 62.4% of participants); difficulties handling the waiting area (60.3% of participants); and a lack of HCP knowledge regarding autism (52.1% of participants). Autism severity, general adjustment problems, anxiety, age and having unmet needs predicted the frequency and/or severity of barriers. Conclusions A tool that allows assessment of patient-, HCP-, and system-level barriers to healthcare was developed and evaluated. Patient-level barriers appear to occur frequently and pose substantial challenges. This tool will help identify areas most in need of intervention and support intervention evaluation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101680 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Development and evaluation of a novel caregiver-report tool to assess barriers to physical healthcare for people on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. WALSH, Auteur ; S. LYDON, Auteur ; A. HEHIR, Auteur ; P. O’CONNOR, Auteur . - 101680. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 79 (November 2020) . - 101680 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Healthcare access  Reasonable adjustments  Healthcare equity  Healthcare disparities  Health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Introduction People on the autism spectrum often experience poorer health than the general population despite higher engagement with the health services. This suggests a disparity in the accessibility of appropriate healthcare for autistic individuals. To improve access, barriers the autism community experience in healthcare first need to be identified. This paper aimed to: 1) develop and evaluate a caregiver-report tool; 2) identify barriers to physical healthcare for autistic individuals; and 3) identify potential contributing factors. Methods A previously established taxonomy of barriers to healthcare for autistic individuals informed the development of the tool; this was then distributed to caregivers of autistic adults and children. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assessed validity and reliability of the tool. Multiple Regressions were performed to identify predictors of barriers. Results In total, caregivers of 194 autistic children or adults participated in the study. The EFA produced four factors: 1) patient-level barriers; 2) healthcare provider-level (HCP) barriers; 3) healthcare system-level barriers; and 4) barriers related to managing healthcare. The greatest barriers included difficulties with identifying/reporting symptoms (endorsed by 62.4% of participants); difficulties handling the waiting area (60.3% of participants); and a lack of HCP knowledge regarding autism (52.1% of participants). Autism severity, general adjustment problems, anxiety, age and having unmet needs predicted the frequency and/or severity of barriers. Conclusions A tool that allows assessment of patient-, HCP-, and system-level barriers to healthcare was developed and evaluated. Patient-level barriers appear to occur frequently and pose substantial challenges. This tool will help identify areas most in need of intervention and support intervention evaluation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101680 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Gauging facial feature viewing preference as a stable individual trait in autism spectrum disorder / G. E. REIMANN in Autism Research, 14-8 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1670-1683 Titre : Gauging facial feature viewing preference as a stable individual trait in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. E. REIMANN, Auteur ; C. WALSH, Auteur ; K. D. CSUMITTA, Auteur ; P. MCCLURE, Auteur ; F. PEREIRA, Auteur ; A. MARTIN, Auteur ; M. RAMOT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1670-1683 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Child  Face  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Motion Pictures  Phenotype  Young Adult  machine learning  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye tracking provides insights into social processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in conjunction with dynamic, naturalistic free-viewing stimuli. However, the question remains whether gaze characteristics, such as preference for specific facial features, can be considered a stable individual trait, particularly in those with ASD. If so, how much data are needed for consistent estimations? To address these questions, we assessed the stability and robustness of gaze preference for facial features as incremental amounts of movie data were introduced for analysis. We trained an artificial neural network to create an object-based segmentation of naturalistic movie clips (14?s each, 7410 frames total). Thirty-three high-functioning individuals with ASD and 36 age- and IQ-equated typically developing individuals (age range: 12-30?years) viewed 22 Hollywood movie clips, each depicting a social interaction. As we evaluated combinations of one, three, five, eight, and 11 movie clips, gaze dwell times on core facial features became increasingly stable at within-subject, within-group, and between-group levels. Using a number of movie clips deemed sufficient by our analysis, we found that individuals with ASD displayed significantly less face-centered gaze (centralized on the nose; p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Gauging facial feature viewing preference as a stable individual trait in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. E. REIMANN, Auteur ; C. WALSH, Auteur ; K. D. CSUMITTA, Auteur ; P. MCCLURE, Auteur ; F. PEREIRA, Auteur ; A. MARTIN, Auteur ; M. RAMOT, Auteur . - p.1670-1683. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1670-1683 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Child  Face  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Motion Pictures  Phenotype  Young Adult  machine learning  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye tracking provides insights into social processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in conjunction with dynamic, naturalistic free-viewing stimuli. However, the question remains whether gaze characteristics, such as preference for specific facial features, can be considered a stable individual trait, particularly in those with ASD. If so, how much data are needed for consistent estimations? To address these questions, we assessed the stability and robustness of gaze preference for facial features as incremental amounts of movie data were introduced for analysis. We trained an artificial neural network to create an object-based segmentation of naturalistic movie clips (14?s each, 7410 frames total). Thirty-three high-functioning individuals with ASD and 36 age- and IQ-equated typically developing individuals (age range: 12-30?years) viewed 22 Hollywood movie clips, each depicting a social interaction. As we evaluated combinations of one, three, five, eight, and 11 movie clips, gaze dwell times on core facial features became increasingly stable at within-subject, within-group, and between-group levels. Using a number of movie clips deemed sufficient by our analysis, we found that individuals with ASD displayed significantly less face-centered gaze (centralized on the nose; p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

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