Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention / Nicholas HEDGER in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1615-1626 Titre : Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicholas HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1615-1626 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Probability  autism  eye-tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modelling  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or  publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One behaviour often observed in individuals with autism is that they tend to look less towards social stimuli relative to neurotypical individuals. For instance, many eye-tracking studies have shown that individuals with autism will look less towards people and more towards objects in scenes. However, we currently know very little about how these behaviours change over time. Tracking these moment-to-moment changes in looking behaviour in individuals with autism can more clearly illustrate how they respond to social stimuli. In this study, adults with and without autism were presented with displays of social and non-social stimuli, while looking behaviours were measured by eye-tracking. We found large differences in how the two groups looked towards social stimuli over time. Neurotypical individuals initially showed a high probability of looking towards social stimuli, then a decline in probability, and a subsequent increase in probability after prolonged viewing. By contrast, individuals with autism showed an initial increase in probability, followed by a continuous decline in probability that did not recover. This pattern of results may indicate that individuals with autism exhibit reduced responsivity to the reward value of social stimuli. Moreover, our data suggest that exploring the temporal nature of gaze behaviours can lead to more precise explanatory theories of attention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=484 [article] Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicholas HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.1615-1626. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1615-1626 Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Probability  autism  eye-tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modelling  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or  publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One behaviour often observed in individuals with autism is that they tend to look less towards social stimuli relative to neurotypical individuals. For instance, many eye-tracking studies have shown that individuals with autism will look less towards people and more towards objects in scenes. However, we currently know very little about how these behaviours change over time. Tracking these moment-to-moment changes in looking behaviour in individuals with autism can more clearly illustrate how they respond to social stimuli. In this study, adults with and without autism were presented with displays of social and non-social stimuli, while looking behaviours were measured by eye-tracking. We found large differences in how the two groups looked towards social stimuli over time. Neurotypical individuals initially showed a high probability of looking towards social stimuli, then a decline in probability, and a subsequent increase in probability after prolonged viewing. By contrast, individuals with autism showed an initial increase in probability, followed by a continuous decline in probability that did not recover. This pattern of results may indicate that individuals with autism exhibit reduced responsivity to the reward value of social stimuli. Moreover, our data suggest that exploring the temporal nature of gaze behaviours can lead to more precise explanatory theories of attention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=484

To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing / Nicholas HEDGER in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.289-300 Titre : To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicholas HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.289-300 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention  autism  eye tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modeling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Behavioral studies indicate that autistic traits predict reduced gaze toward social stimuli. Moreover, experiments that require participants to make an explicit choice between stimuli indicate reduced preferences for social stimuli in individuals with high autistic traits. These observations, in combination, fit with the idea that gaze is actively involved in the formation of choices-gaze toward a stimulus increases the likelihood of its subsequent selection. Although these aspects of gaze and choice behavior have been well characterized separately, it remains unclear how autistic traits affect the relationship between gaze and socially relevant choices. In a choice-based eye-tracking paradigm, we observed that autistic traits predict less frequent and delayed selection of social stimuli. Critically, eye tracking revealed novel phenomena underlying these choice behaviors: first, the relationship between gaze and choice behavior was weaker in individuals with high autistic traits-an increase in gaze to a stimulus was associated with a smaller increase in choice probability. Second, time-series analyses revealed that gaze became predictive of choice behaviors at longer latencies in observers with high autistic traits. This dissociation between gaze and choice in individuals with high autistic traits may reflect wider atypicalities in value coding. Such atypicalities may predict the development of atypical social behaviors associated with the autism phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: When presented with multiple stimuli to choose from, we tend to look more toward the stimuli we later choose. Here, we found that this relationship between looking and choosing was reduced in individuals with high autistic traits. These data indicate that autistic traits may be associated with atypical processing of value, which may contribute to the reduced preferences for social stimuli exhibited by individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicholas HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.289-300. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.289-300 Mots-clés : attention  autism  eye tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modeling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Behavioral studies indicate that autistic traits predict reduced gaze toward social stimuli. Moreover, experiments that require participants to make an explicit choice between stimuli indicate reduced preferences for social stimuli in individuals with high autistic traits. These observations, in combination, fit with the idea that gaze is actively involved in the formation of choices-gaze toward a stimulus increases the likelihood of its subsequent selection. Although these aspects of gaze and choice behavior have been well characterized separately, it remains unclear how autistic traits affect the relationship between gaze and socially relevant choices. In a choice-based eye-tracking paradigm, we observed that autistic traits predict less frequent and delayed selection of social stimuli. Critically, eye tracking revealed novel phenomena underlying these choice behaviors: first, the relationship between gaze and choice behavior was weaker in individuals with high autistic traits-an increase in gaze to a stimulus was associated with a smaller increase in choice probability. Second, time-series analyses revealed that gaze became predictive of choice behaviors at longer latencies in observers with high autistic traits. This dissociation between gaze and choice in individuals with high autistic traits may reflect wider atypicalities in value coding. Such atypicalities may predict the development of atypical social behaviors associated with the autism phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: When presented with multiple stimuli to choose from, we tend to look more toward the stimuli we later choose. Here, we found that this relationship between looking and choosing was reduced in individuals with high autistic traits. These data indicate that autistic traits may be associated with atypical processing of value, which may contribute to the reduced preferences for social stimuli exhibited by individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

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