Comparison of network structures between autistic and non-autistic adults, and autism subgroups: A focus on demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors / Tulsi A. RADHOE in Autism, 28-5 (May 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-5 (May 2024) . - p.1175-1189 Titre : Comparison of network structures between autistic and non-autistic adults, and autism subgroups: A focus on demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. Agelink VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1175-1189 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  network analysis  quality of life  subgroups  subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in (autism) characteristics are often reported between autistic and non-autistic adults but also between autistic adults. We aimed to determine whether mean differences correspond to differences in network structure of these characteristics in (1) autistic and non-autistic adults and (2) two previously identified autism subgroups. A total of 16 network variables related to demographic and psychological characteristics were included. First, Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) were used for network estimation in 261 autistic adults and 384 non-autistic comparisons aged 30-85?years. Second, we repeated this step within two previously identified autism subgroups (N1 = 124, N2 = 130). Third, sex differences were explored in the networks of the autism subgroups. The networks of the autism and comparison groups differed on individual edges and visual inspection, although the Network Comparison Test (NCT) showed no overall differences. The networks of autism subgroups were similar based on visual inspection and statistical comparisons. Sex did not impact the subgroup networks differently. Networks were more similar than different, but observed edge differences could be informative for targeted support. Focusing on mean differences is not sufficient to determine which factors (and associations) are important for autistic people. Thus, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond assessing mean differences for autistic adults. Lay Abstract There are large differences in the level of demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics between autistic and non-autistic adults but also among autistic people. Our goal was to test whether these differences correspond to differences in underlying relationships between these characteristics-also referred to as network structure-to determine which characteristics (and relationships between them) are important. We tested differences in network structure in (1) autistic and non-autistic adults and (2) two previously identified subgroups of autistic adults. We showed that comparing networks of autistic and non-autistic adults provides subtle differences, whereas networks of the autism subgroups were similar. There were also no sex differences in the networks of the autism subgroups. Thus, the previously observed differences in the level of characteristics did not correspond to differences across subgroups in how these characteristics relate to one another (i.e. network structure). Consequently, a focus on differences in characteristics is not sufficient to determine which characteristics (and relationships between them) are of importance. Hence, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond looking at (sub)group level differences. These results could provide hints for clinical practice, to eventually determine whether psychological distress, cognitive failures, and reduced quality of life in autistic adults can be addressed by tailored support. However, it is important that these results are first replicated before we move toward intervention or support. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231198544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=527 [article] Comparison of network structures between autistic and non-autistic adults, and autism subgroups: A focus on demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. Agelink VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.1175-1189. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-5 (May 2024) . - p.1175-1189 Mots-clés : adults  autism  network analysis  quality of life  subgroups  subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in (autism) characteristics are often reported between autistic and non-autistic adults but also between autistic adults. We aimed to determine whether mean differences correspond to differences in network structure of these characteristics in (1) autistic and non-autistic adults and (2) two previously identified autism subgroups. A total of 16 network variables related to demographic and psychological characteristics were included. First, Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) were used for network estimation in 261 autistic adults and 384 non-autistic comparisons aged 30-85?years. Second, we repeated this step within two previously identified autism subgroups (N1 = 124, N2 = 130). Third, sex differences were explored in the networks of the autism subgroups. The networks of the autism and comparison groups differed on individual edges and visual inspection, although the Network Comparison Test (NCT) showed no overall differences. The networks of autism subgroups were similar based on visual inspection and statistical comparisons. Sex did not impact the subgroup networks differently. Networks were more similar than different, but observed edge differences could be informative for targeted support. Focusing on mean differences is not sufficient to determine which factors (and associations) are important for autistic people. Thus, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond assessing mean differences for autistic adults. Lay Abstract There are large differences in the level of demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics between autistic and non-autistic adults but also among autistic people. Our goal was to test whether these differences correspond to differences in underlying relationships between these characteristics-also referred to as network structure-to determine which characteristics (and relationships between them) are important. We tested differences in network structure in (1) autistic and non-autistic adults and (2) two previously identified subgroups of autistic adults. We showed that comparing networks of autistic and non-autistic adults provides subtle differences, whereas networks of the autism subgroups were similar. There were also no sex differences in the networks of the autism subgroups. Thus, the previously observed differences in the level of characteristics did not correspond to differences across subgroups in how these characteristics relate to one another (i.e. network structure). Consequently, a focus on differences in characteristics is not sufficient to determine which characteristics (and relationships between them) are of importance. Hence, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond looking at (sub)group level differences. These results could provide hints for clinical practice, to eventually determine whether psychological distress, cognitive failures, and reduced quality of life in autistic adults can be addressed by tailored support. However, it is important that these results are first replicated before we move toward intervention or support. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231198544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=527

Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups / Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM ; Carolien TORENVLIET ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN ; Hilde M. GEURTS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-9 (September 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-9 (September 2024) . - p.3449-3466 Titre : Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3449-3466 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average to high intelligence, to clarify if certain subgroups might need support. We included 14 questionnaire variables related to aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, and lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification in an original sample of 114 autistic adults with an adulthood diagnosis (autism) and 58 non-autistic adults as comparison group (COMP), and a replication sample (NAutism = 261; NCOMP = 287), both aged 30-89 years. Next, we identified subgroups and assessed external validity (for cognitive and psychological difficulties, and quality of life [QoL]) in the autism samples. To test specificity, we repeated the analysis after adding 123 adults with ADHD, aged 30-80 years. As expected, the autism and COMP groups formed distinct subgroups. Among autistic adults, we identified three subgroups of which two were replicated. One of these subgroups seemed most vulnerable on the cluster variables; this subgroup also reported the most cognitive and psychological difficulties, and lowest QoL. Adding the ADHD group did not alter results. Within autistic adults, one subgroup could especially benefit from support and specialized care, although this must be tested in future studies. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06042-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534 [article] Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.3449-3466. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-9 (September 2024) . - p.3449-3466 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average to high intelligence, to clarify if certain subgroups might need support. We included 14 questionnaire variables related to aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, and lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification in an original sample of 114 autistic adults with an adulthood diagnosis (autism) and 58 non-autistic adults as comparison group (COMP), and a replication sample (NAutism = 261; NCOMP = 287), both aged 30-89 years. Next, we identified subgroups and assessed external validity (for cognitive and psychological difficulties, and quality of life [QoL]) in the autism samples. To test specificity, we repeated the analysis after adding 123 adults with ADHD, aged 30-80 years. As expected, the autism and COMP groups formed distinct subgroups. Among autistic adults, we identified three subgroups of which two were replicated. One of these subgroups seemed most vulnerable on the cluster variables; this subgroup also reported the most cognitive and psychological difficulties, and lowest QoL. Adding the ADHD group did not alter results. Within autistic adults, one subgroup could especially benefit from support and specialized care, although this must be tested in future studies. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06042-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534

How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 100 (February 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 100 (February 2023) . - 102072 Titre : How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Audrey J. J. MOL, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102072 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Camouflaging  Autism  Sex differences  Psychometric properties  Discrepancy approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how to measure camouflaging behavior by performing a conceptual replication of the original study of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether the self-reported camouflaging behavior is measuring the same construct as the second most used manner to measure camouflaging behavior, the discrepancy method. Method In total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30 “92 years, filled out the Dutch translation of the CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In 90 autistic adults the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) was administered. We executed preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #37800) to investigate the factor structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity and group differences. Results Our analyses showed that the original three-factor structure had an acceptable fit and internal consistency ranged from sufficient to good. However, there was no measurement invariance between autistic and non-autistic individuals and correlations between CAT-Q-NL-scores and the discrepancy between AQ and ADOS-2 varied between low to mediocre (r = 0.04 to.28). Conclusions The CAT-Q-NL can be used to measure camouflaging between and within autistic adults, but not between autistic and non-autistic adults and its convergent validity is limited. Despite these caveats, the CAT-Q-NL can serve as a useful addition to the clinical assessment toolbox because gaining insight in the level of camouflaging of autistic adults may help provide better mental health care. However, more research is needed into how to optimally measure the camouflaging construct. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Audrey J. J. MOL, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - 102072. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 100 (February 2023) . - 102072 Mots-clés : Camouflaging  Autism  Sex differences  Psychometric properties  Discrepancy approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how to measure camouflaging behavior by performing a conceptual replication of the original study of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether the self-reported camouflaging behavior is measuring the same construct as the second most used manner to measure camouflaging behavior, the discrepancy method. Method In total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30 “92 years, filled out the Dutch translation of the CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In 90 autistic adults the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) was administered. We executed preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #37800) to investigate the factor structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity and group differences. Results Our analyses showed that the original three-factor structure had an acceptable fit and internal consistency ranged from sufficient to good. However, there was no measurement invariance between autistic and non-autistic individuals and correlations between CAT-Q-NL-scores and the discrepancy between AQ and ADOS-2 varied between low to mediocre (r = 0.04 to.28). Conclusions The CAT-Q-NL can be used to measure camouflaging between and within autistic adults, but not between autistic and non-autistic adults and its convergent validity is limited. Despite these caveats, the CAT-Q-NL can serve as a useful addition to the clinical assessment toolbox because gaining insight in the level of camouflaging of autistic adults may help provide better mental health care. However, more research is needed into how to optimally measure the camouflaging construct. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study / Carolien TORENVLIET in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.507-518 Titre : Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.507-518 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism in adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ in their methodology, replication studies are needed. In this replication study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults mostly parallel, but also protective age-related cognitive effects can be observed. Participants were 88 autistic adults, and 88 non-autistic matched comparisons (age range: 30?89?years, mean age: 55?years). Cognitive measures were administered on the following six domains: verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, Theory of Mind (ToM), verbal fluency, and processing speed, and self-reported cognitive failures. Non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults on ToM, verbal fluency, and verbal memory, but only the first two were confirmed with Bayesian replication analyses. Also, more cognitive failures were reported by autistic adults. No interactions between group and age were observed, suggesting a parallel age-related effect on all cognitive domains. In sum, previously observed difficulties in ToM and verbal fluency were replicated which seem to persist at older age. Previously reported parallel age-related cognitive patterns were replicated, yet no evidence for protective age-related patterns was found. Lay summary We investigated whether our previous findings on cognitive aging in autism could be confirmed in a new study measuring the cognitive effects of age in autistic and non-autistic adults. As expected, tasks that younger autistic adults had difficulties with (theory of mind, fluency) were also difficult for older autistic adults, and the effect of age itself was similar in autistic and non-autistic adults. Unexpectedly, we observed no protective effects (less cognitive aging) in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.507-518. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.507-518 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism in adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ in their methodology, replication studies are needed. In this replication study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults mostly parallel, but also protective age-related cognitive effects can be observed. Participants were 88 autistic adults, and 88 non-autistic matched comparisons (age range: 30?89?years, mean age: 55?years). Cognitive measures were administered on the following six domains: verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, Theory of Mind (ToM), verbal fluency, and processing speed, and self-reported cognitive failures. Non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults on ToM, verbal fluency, and verbal memory, but only the first two were confirmed with Bayesian replication analyses. Also, more cognitive failures were reported by autistic adults. No interactions between group and age were observed, suggesting a parallel age-related effect on all cognitive domains. In sum, previously observed difficulties in ToM and verbal fluency were replicated which seem to persist at older age. Previously reported parallel age-related cognitive patterns were replicated, yet no evidence for protective age-related patterns was found. Lay summary We investigated whether our previous findings on cognitive aging in autism could be confirmed in a new study measuring the cognitive effects of age in autistic and non-autistic adults. As expected, tasks that younger autistic adults had difficulties with (theory of mind, fluency) were also difficult for older autistic adults, and the effect of age itself was similar in autistic and non-autistic adults. Unexpectedly, we observed no protective effects (less cognitive aging) in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value / Tulsi A. RADHOE in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.747-760 Titre : The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.747-760 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism in adulthood is characterized by heterogeneity, complicating the provision of tailored support. In previous work, we aimed to capture this heterogeneity by determining subgroups of autistic adults that differed in clinical outcomes: cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and quality of life (QoL). Two subgroups were identified: a "Feelings of Low Grip" subgroup characterized by experiencing a lower sense of mastery and a higher susceptibility to difficulties in daily life, and a "Feelings of High Grip" subgroup characterized by a higher sense of mastery and lower susceptibility to difficulties in daily life. The current pre-registered study involves a longitudinal extension to determine (a) stability and (b) predictive value of the previously identified two subgroups. Subgroups were identified using community detection based on 14 self-report measures related to demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics in two samples (aged 31-86?years) that were analyzed separately: Sample 1 (NAutism = 80) measured 5?years after baseline and Sample 2 (NAutism = 241, NComparison = 211) measured 2?years after baseline. The stability over time was assessed based on (a) the number of subgroups, (b) subgroup profiles, and (c) subgroup membership. Predictive validity was assessed for cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and QoL. Results indicated that autistic and non-autistic adults formed distinct subgroups. Within both autism samples, the two previously identified autism subgroups were replicated at follow-up. Subgroup profiles were similar for >50% of the variables at two-year follow-up, and 21% at five-year follow-up. Moreover, ?76% remained in the same subgroup at two-year follow-up, and???57% after 5?years. Subgroup membership was predictive of external clinical outcomes up to 5?years. Thus, this study demonstrated the stability and predictive value of the autism subgroups, especially for the two-year follow-up. A further focus on their clinical utility might increase the aptness of support, and may provide more insight into the aging process when being autistic. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3116 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.747-760. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.747-760 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism in adulthood is characterized by heterogeneity, complicating the provision of tailored support. In previous work, we aimed to capture this heterogeneity by determining subgroups of autistic adults that differed in clinical outcomes: cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and quality of life (QoL). Two subgroups were identified: a "Feelings of Low Grip" subgroup characterized by experiencing a lower sense of mastery and a higher susceptibility to difficulties in daily life, and a "Feelings of High Grip" subgroup characterized by a higher sense of mastery and lower susceptibility to difficulties in daily life. The current pre-registered study involves a longitudinal extension to determine (a) stability and (b) predictive value of the previously identified two subgroups. Subgroups were identified using community detection based on 14 self-report measures related to demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics in two samples (aged 31-86?years) that were analyzed separately: Sample 1 (NAutism = 80) measured 5?years after baseline and Sample 2 (NAutism = 241, NComparison = 211) measured 2?years after baseline. The stability over time was assessed based on (a) the number of subgroups, (b) subgroup profiles, and (c) subgroup membership. Predictive validity was assessed for cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and QoL. Results indicated that autistic and non-autistic adults formed distinct subgroups. Within both autism samples, the two previously identified autism subgroups were replicated at follow-up. Subgroup profiles were similar for >50% of the variables at two-year follow-up, and 21% at five-year follow-up. Moreover, ?76% remained in the same subgroup at two-year follow-up, and???57% after 5?years. Subgroup membership was predictive of external clinical outcomes up to 5?years. Thus, this study demonstrated the stability and predictive value of the autism subgroups, especially for the two-year follow-up. A further focus on their clinical utility might increase the aptness of support, and may provide more insight into the aging process when being autistic. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3116 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

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