Dépouillements

Figurative language processing in autism spectrum disorders: A review / Stella LAMPRI in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.674-689 Titre : Figurative language processing in autism spectrum disorders: A review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stella LAMPRI, Auteur ; Eleni PERISTERI, Auteur ; Theodoros MARINIS, Auteur ; Maria ANDREOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.674-689 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Impairments in the broader domain of pragmatics are considered to be a defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). A challenging aspect of pragmatic competence is the ability to process nonliteral language. Interestingly, previous studies in figurative language comprehension in ASD have demonstrated conflicting results regarding participants' performance. The main scientific debate focuses on the underlying skills which facilitate processing of nonliteral speech in ASD. Namely, Theory of Mind (ToM), language abilities and Executive functions (EFs) are regarded as factors affecting autistic individuals' performance. This review addresses figurative language comprehension in ASD in light of the above three interpretive accounts. We reviewed data from recent studies in this field concluding that autistic children indeed encounter systematic difficulties in the processing of non-literal language. Moreover, only ToM and verbal skills were found to correlate the most with figurative language comprehension in ASD. Notably, we found that differences related to research methodology and tasks' properties may have led to discrepancies between studies' results. Finally, we argue that future studies should encompass in their experimental design figurative comprehension tasks with minimal linguistic demands and also measures of ToM, verbal ability and EFs in order to shed more light in the independent contribution of those skills to the processing of nonliteral language in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Figurative language processing in autism spectrum disorders: A review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stella LAMPRI, Auteur ; Eleni PERISTERI, Auteur ; Theodoros MARINIS, Auteur ; Maria ANDREOU, Auteur . - p.674-689. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.674-689 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Impairments in the broader domain of pragmatics are considered to be a defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). A challenging aspect of pragmatic competence is the ability to process nonliteral language. Interestingly, previous studies in figurative language comprehension in ASD have demonstrated conflicting results regarding participants' performance. The main scientific debate focuses on the underlying skills which facilitate processing of nonliteral speech in ASD. Namely, Theory of Mind (ToM), language abilities and Executive functions (EFs) are regarded as factors affecting autistic individuals' performance. This review addresses figurative language comprehension in ASD in light of the above three interpretive accounts. We reviewed data from recent studies in this field concluding that autistic children indeed encounter systematic difficulties in the processing of non-literal language. Moreover, only ToM and verbal skills were found to correlate the most with figurative language comprehension in ASD. Notably, we found that differences related to research methodology and tasks' properties may have led to discrepancies between studies' results. Finally, we argue that future studies should encompass in their experimental design figurative comprehension tasks with minimal linguistic demands and also measures of ToM, verbal ability and EFs in order to shed more light in the independent contribution of those skills to the processing of nonliteral language in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Measurement matters: A commentary on the state of the science on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in autism research / Hillary K. SCHILTZ in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.690-701 Titre : Measurement matters: A commentary on the state of the science on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in autism research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hillary K. SCHILTZ, Auteur ; Zachary J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Shuting ZHENG, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. KAPLAN-KAHN, Auteur ; Hannah E. MORTON, Auteur ; Kashia A. ROSENAU, Auteur ; Christina NICOLAIDIS, Auteur ; Alexandra STURM, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Autism PROMNET, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.690-701 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract High quality science relies upon psychometrically valid and reliable measurement, yet very few Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have been developed or thoroughly validated for use with autistic individuals. The present commentary summarizes the current state of autism PROM science, based on discussion at the Special Interest Group (SIG) at the 2022 International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) Annual Meeting and collective expertise of the authors. First, we identify current issues in autism PROM research including content and construct operationalization, informant-structure, measure accessibility, and measure validation and generalization. We then enumerate barriers to conducting and disseminating this research, such as a lack of guidance, concerns regarding funding and time, lack of accessible training and professionals with psychometric skills, difficulties collecting large representative samples, and challenges with dissemination. Lastly, we offer future priorities and resources to improve PROMs in autism research including a need to continue to evaluate and develop PROMs for autistic people using robust methods, to prioritize diverse and representative samples, to expand the breadth of psychometric properties and techniques, and to consider developing field specific guidelines. We remain extremely optimistic about the future directions of this area of autism research. This work is well positioned to have an immense, positive impact on our scientific understanding of autism and the everyday lives of autistic people and their families. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3114 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Measurement matters: A commentary on the state of the science on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in autism research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hillary K. SCHILTZ, Auteur ; Zachary J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Shuting ZHENG, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. KAPLAN-KAHN, Auteur ; Hannah E. MORTON, Auteur ; Kashia A. ROSENAU, Auteur ; Christina NICOLAIDIS, Auteur ; Alexandra STURM, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Autism PROMNET, Auteur . - p.690-701. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.690-701 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract High quality science relies upon psychometrically valid and reliable measurement, yet very few Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have been developed or thoroughly validated for use with autistic individuals. The present commentary summarizes the current state of autism PROM science, based on discussion at the Special Interest Group (SIG) at the 2022 International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) Annual Meeting and collective expertise of the authors. First, we identify current issues in autism PROM research including content and construct operationalization, informant-structure, measure accessibility, and measure validation and generalization. We then enumerate barriers to conducting and disseminating this research, such as a lack of guidance, concerns regarding funding and time, lack of accessible training and professionals with psychometric skills, difficulties collecting large representative samples, and challenges with dissemination. Lastly, we offer future priorities and resources to improve PROMs in autism research including a need to continue to evaluate and develop PROMs for autistic people using robust methods, to prioritize diverse and representative samples, to expand the breadth of psychometric properties and techniques, and to consider developing field specific guidelines. We remain extremely optimistic about the future directions of this area of autism research. This work is well positioned to have an immense, positive impact on our scientific understanding of autism and the everyday lives of autistic people and their families. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3114 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Dynamic functional connectivity in the right temporoparietal junction captures variations in male autistic trait expression / Laura BRAVO BALSA in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.702-715 Titre : Dynamic functional connectivity in the right temporoparietal junction captures variations in male autistic trait expression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura BRAVO BALSA, Auteur ; Ahmad ABU-AKEL, Auteur ; Carmel MEVORACH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.702-715 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic individuals can experience difficulties with attention reorienting and Theory of Mind (ToM), which are closely associated with anterior and posterior subdivisions of the right temporoparietal junction. While the link between these processes remains unclear, it is likely subserved by a dynamic crosstalk between these two subdivisions. We, therefore, examined the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between the anterior and posterior temporoparietal junction, as a biological marker of attention and ToM, to test its contribution to the manifestation of autistic trait expression in Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). Two studies were conducted, exploratory (14 ASC, 15 TD) and replication (29 ASC, 29 TD), using resting-state fMRI data and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange repository. Dynamic Independent Component Analysis was performed in both datasets using the CONN toolbox. An additional sliding-window analysis was performed in the replication study to explore different connectivity states (from highly negatively to highly positively correlated). Dynamic FC was reduced in ASC compared to TD adults in both the exploratory and replication datasets and was associated with increased SRS scores (especially in ASC). Regression analyses revealed that decreased SRS autistic expression was predicted by engagement of highly negatively correlated states, while engagement of highly positively correlated states predicted increased expression. These findings provided consistent evidence that the difficulties observed in ASC are associated with altered patterns of dFC between brain regions subserving attention reorienting and ToM processes and may serve as a biomarker of autistic trait expression. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3117 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Dynamic functional connectivity in the right temporoparietal junction captures variations in male autistic trait expression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura BRAVO BALSA, Auteur ; Ahmad ABU-AKEL, Auteur ; Carmel MEVORACH, Auteur . - p.702-715. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.702-715 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic individuals can experience difficulties with attention reorienting and Theory of Mind (ToM), which are closely associated with anterior and posterior subdivisions of the right temporoparietal junction. While the link between these processes remains unclear, it is likely subserved by a dynamic crosstalk between these two subdivisions. We, therefore, examined the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between the anterior and posterior temporoparietal junction, as a biological marker of attention and ToM, to test its contribution to the manifestation of autistic trait expression in Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). Two studies were conducted, exploratory (14 ASC, 15 TD) and replication (29 ASC, 29 TD), using resting-state fMRI data and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange repository. Dynamic Independent Component Analysis was performed in both datasets using the CONN toolbox. An additional sliding-window analysis was performed in the replication study to explore different connectivity states (from highly negatively to highly positively correlated). Dynamic FC was reduced in ASC compared to TD adults in both the exploratory and replication datasets and was associated with increased SRS scores (especially in ASC). Regression analyses revealed that decreased SRS autistic expression was predicted by engagement of highly negatively correlated states, while engagement of highly positively correlated states predicted increased expression. These findings provided consistent evidence that the difficulties observed in ASC are associated with altered patterns of dFC between brain regions subserving attention reorienting and ToM processes and may serve as a biomarker of autistic trait expression. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3117 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Gestational thyroid hormones and autism-related traits in the EARLI and HOME studies / Caichen ZHONG in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.716-727 Titre : Gestational thyroid hormones and autism-related traits in the EARLI and HOME studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caichen ZHONG, Auteur ; Juliette RANDO, Auteur ; Marisa A. PATTI, Auteur ; Joseph M. BRAUN, Auteur ; Aimin CHEN, Auteur ; Yingying XU, Auteur ; Bruce P. LANPHEAR, Auteur ; Kimberly YOLTON, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.716-727 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Thyroid hormones are essential for neurodevelopment. Few studies have considered associations with quantitatively measured autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related traits, which may help elucidate associations for a broader population. Participants were drawn from two prospective pregnancy cohorts: the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), enrolling pregnant women who already had a child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, following pregnant women from the greater Cincinnati, OH area. Gestational thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in mid-pregnancy 16 (+3) weeks gestation serum samples. ASD-related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at ages 3-8?years. The association was examined using quantile regression, adjusting for maternal and sociodemographic factors. 278 participants (132 from EARLI, 146 from HOME) were included. TSH distributions were similar across cohorts, while FT4 levels were higher in EARLI compared to HOME. In pooled analyses, particularly for those in the highest SRS quantile (95th percentile), higher FT4 levels were associated with increasing SRS scores (? = 5.21, 95% CI = 0.93, 9.48), and higher TSH levels were associated with decreasing SRS scores (? = ?6.94, 95% CI = ?11.04, ?2.83). The association between TSH and SRS remained significant in HOME for the 95% percentile of SRS scores (? = ?6.48, 95% CI = ?12.16, ?0.80), but not EARLI. Results for FT4 were attenuated when examined in the individual cohorts. Our results add to evidence that gestational thyroid hormones may be associated with ASD-related outcomes by suggesting that relationships may differ across the distribution of ASD-related traits and by familial likelihood of ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3115 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Gestational thyroid hormones and autism-related traits in the EARLI and HOME studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caichen ZHONG, Auteur ; Juliette RANDO, Auteur ; Marisa A. PATTI, Auteur ; Joseph M. BRAUN, Auteur ; Aimin CHEN, Auteur ; Yingying XU, Auteur ; Bruce P. LANPHEAR, Auteur ; Kimberly YOLTON, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur . - p.716-727. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.716-727 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Thyroid hormones are essential for neurodevelopment. Few studies have considered associations with quantitatively measured autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related traits, which may help elucidate associations for a broader population. Participants were drawn from two prospective pregnancy cohorts: the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), enrolling pregnant women who already had a child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, following pregnant women from the greater Cincinnati, OH area. Gestational thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in mid-pregnancy 16 (+3) weeks gestation serum samples. ASD-related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at ages 3-8?years. The association was examined using quantile regression, adjusting for maternal and sociodemographic factors. 278 participants (132 from EARLI, 146 from HOME) were included. TSH distributions were similar across cohorts, while FT4 levels were higher in EARLI compared to HOME. In pooled analyses, particularly for those in the highest SRS quantile (95th percentile), higher FT4 levels were associated with increasing SRS scores (? = 5.21, 95% CI = 0.93, 9.48), and higher TSH levels were associated with decreasing SRS scores (? = ?6.94, 95% CI = ?11.04, ?2.83). The association between TSH and SRS remained significant in HOME for the 95% percentile of SRS scores (? = ?6.48, 95% CI = ?12.16, ?0.80), but not EARLI. Results for FT4 were attenuated when examined in the individual cohorts. Our results add to evidence that gestational thyroid hormones may be associated with ASD-related outcomes by suggesting that relationships may differ across the distribution of ASD-related traits and by familial likelihood of ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3115 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

The latent structure of the Delis-Kaplan system for autism / Reilly MACDONALD in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.728-738 Titre : The latent structure of the Delis-Kaplan system for autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Reilly MACDONALD, Auteur ; Mary BAKER-ERICZEN, Auteur ; Scott ROESCH, Auteur ; May YEH, Auteur ; Kelsey S. DICKSON, Auteur ; Jasmine SMITH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.728-738 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract A core feature of autism is deficits in executive functioning (EF), including difficulty with planning, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Despite a growing need for evidence-based assessments of EF for autism populations, statistical models of many commonly used measures of EF, including the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), have not been investigated for a sample of autistic participants. The purpose of this study was to address a gap in the literature regarding the latent structure of the D-KEFS in a sample of autistic individuals. The D-KEFS is one of the most widely used clinical assessments of executive function, but its factor structure has not been examined in a sample of autistic participants. Reliability analyses were performed for sample subgroups based on participants' clinical and demographic characteristics, including IQ, autism severity, age, and race/ethnicity. Verbal Fluency (VF) was found to consistently decrease or not affect the overall reliability score. Additionally, one- and two-factor structure models were tested for the D-KEFS with a sample of autistic participants. The one-factor model was not found to be a good fit for the data. However, the two-factor model, with Cognitive Flexibility and Abstraction latent factors, was found to fit the data relatively well. This two-factor model was reexamined excluding the VF observed variable, resulting in a better overall model fit. Communication deficits are a common feature of autism, which explains why the VF task, that requires participants to produce novel words, may not be an adequate measure of executive function for autism populations. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3122 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] The latent structure of the Delis-Kaplan system for autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Reilly MACDONALD, Auteur ; Mary BAKER-ERICZEN, Auteur ; Scott ROESCH, Auteur ; May YEH, Auteur ; Kelsey S. DICKSON, Auteur ; Jasmine SMITH, Auteur . - p.728-738. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.728-738 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract A core feature of autism is deficits in executive functioning (EF), including difficulty with planning, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Despite a growing need for evidence-based assessments of EF for autism populations, statistical models of many commonly used measures of EF, including the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), have not been investigated for a sample of autistic participants. The purpose of this study was to address a gap in the literature regarding the latent structure of the D-KEFS in a sample of autistic individuals. The D-KEFS is one of the most widely used clinical assessments of executive function, but its factor structure has not been examined in a sample of autistic participants. Reliability analyses were performed for sample subgroups based on participants' clinical and demographic characteristics, including IQ, autism severity, age, and race/ethnicity. Verbal Fluency (VF) was found to consistently decrease or not affect the overall reliability score. Additionally, one- and two-factor structure models were tested for the D-KEFS with a sample of autistic participants. The one-factor model was not found to be a good fit for the data. However, the two-factor model, with Cognitive Flexibility and Abstraction latent factors, was found to fit the data relatively well. This two-factor model was reexamined excluding the VF observed variable, resulting in a better overall model fit. Communication deficits are a common feature of autism, which explains why the VF task, that requires participants to produce novel words, may not be an adequate measure of executive function for autism populations. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3122 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

The impact of adverse childhood events on service support and educational outcomes of children who are autistic: A theory-guided analysis using structural equation modeling / Micah HARTWELL in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.739-746 Titre : The impact of adverse childhood events on service support and educational outcomes of children who are autistic: A theory-guided analysis using structural equation modeling Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Micah HARTWELL, Auteur ; Kelsi BATIOJA, Auteur ; Covenant ELENWO, Auteur ; Ashley KEENER, Auteur ; Anya MAZUR, Auteur ; Tessa CHESHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.739-746 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic children who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have barriers to receiving special education or other developmental services-thus, impacting educational outcomes. Our objective was to model such a pathway using the 2016-2021 National Survey of Children's Health datasets. We extracted data for school outcomes, use of special education and autism-related specialty services and sociodemographic characteristics among autistic children within the data. Associations between sociodemographics and ACEs (categorized as 0, 1-3, and 4+) were tested using design-based X2 tests. We then used structural equation modeling to map the quasi-causal pathways. The sample for our analysis included 4717 autistic children-38.94% were aged 6-10?years, 35.73% of children aged 11-14?years, and 25.32% were between 15 and 17?years-with 88.70% living in metropolitan areas. The X2 showed significant relationships between ACEs and age, ethnoracial groups, and urbanicity among others. The SEM showed ACEs were directly associated with poorer school outcomes (? = ?0.14 (0.04), p = 0.002) and through their inverse relationship with support services (? = ?0.08 (0.04), p = 0.023)- when support services were increased, school outcomes improved (? = 0.62, p < 0.001). Findings suggested ACEs have a significant direct and indirect impact on school outcomes of autistic children, and 10.76% of children who are autistic have experienced four or more ACEs-which were more likely to occur with severe autism symptomatology and in rural areas. Results highlight the need for communities to recognize the potential long-term impact of ACEs on the academic outcomes of autistic children. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3126 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] The impact of adverse childhood events on service support and educational outcomes of children who are autistic: A theory-guided analysis using structural equation modeling [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Micah HARTWELL, Auteur ; Kelsi BATIOJA, Auteur ; Covenant ELENWO, Auteur ; Ashley KEENER, Auteur ; Anya MAZUR, Auteur ; Tessa CHESHER, Auteur . - p.739-746. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.739-746 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic children who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have barriers to receiving special education or other developmental services-thus, impacting educational outcomes. Our objective was to model such a pathway using the 2016-2021 National Survey of Children's Health datasets. We extracted data for school outcomes, use of special education and autism-related specialty services and sociodemographic characteristics among autistic children within the data. Associations between sociodemographics and ACEs (categorized as 0, 1-3, and 4+) were tested using design-based X2 tests. We then used structural equation modeling to map the quasi-causal pathways. The sample for our analysis included 4717 autistic children-38.94% were aged 6-10?years, 35.73% of children aged 11-14?years, and 25.32% were between 15 and 17?years-with 88.70% living in metropolitan areas. The X2 showed significant relationships between ACEs and age, ethnoracial groups, and urbanicity among others. The SEM showed ACEs were directly associated with poorer school outcomes (? = ?0.14 (0.04), p = 0.002) and through their inverse relationship with support services (? = ?0.08 (0.04), p = 0.023)- when support services were increased, school outcomes improved (? = 0.62, p < 0.001). Findings suggested ACEs have a significant direct and indirect impact on school outcomes of autistic children, and 10.76% of children who are autistic have experienced four or more ACEs-which were more likely to occur with severe autism symptomatology and in rural areas. Results highlight the need for communities to recognize the potential long-term impact of ACEs on the academic outcomes of autistic children. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3126 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value / Tulsi A. RADHOE in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.747-760 Titre : The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.747-760 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism in adulthood is characterized by heterogeneity, complicating the provision of tailored support. In previous work, we aimed to capture this heterogeneity by determining subgroups of autistic adults that differed in clinical outcomes: cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and quality of life (QoL). Two subgroups were identified: a "Feelings of Low Grip" subgroup characterized by experiencing a lower sense of mastery and a higher susceptibility to difficulties in daily life, and a "Feelings of High Grip" subgroup characterized by a higher sense of mastery and lower susceptibility to difficulties in daily life. The current pre-registered study involves a longitudinal extension to determine (a) stability and (b) predictive value of the previously identified two subgroups. Subgroups were identified using community detection based on 14 self-report measures related to demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics in two samples (aged 31-86?years) that were analyzed separately: Sample 1 (NAutism = 80) measured 5?years after baseline and Sample 2 (NAutism = 241, NComparison = 211) measured 2?years after baseline. The stability over time was assessed based on (a) the number of subgroups, (b) subgroup profiles, and (c) subgroup membership. Predictive validity was assessed for cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and QoL. Results indicated that autistic and non-autistic adults formed distinct subgroups. Within both autism samples, the two previously identified autism subgroups were replicated at follow-up. Subgroup profiles were similar for >50% of the variables at two-year follow-up, and 21% at five-year follow-up. Moreover, ?76% remained in the same subgroup at two-year follow-up, and???57% after 5?years. Subgroup membership was predictive of external clinical outcomes up to 5?years. Thus, this study demonstrated the stability and predictive value of the autism subgroups, especially for the two-year follow-up. A further focus on their clinical utility might increase the aptness of support, and may provide more insight into the aging process when being autistic. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3116 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.747-760. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.747-760 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism in adulthood is characterized by heterogeneity, complicating the provision of tailored support. In previous work, we aimed to capture this heterogeneity by determining subgroups of autistic adults that differed in clinical outcomes: cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and quality of life (QoL). Two subgroups were identified: a "Feelings of Low Grip" subgroup characterized by experiencing a lower sense of mastery and a higher susceptibility to difficulties in daily life, and a "Feelings of High Grip" subgroup characterized by a higher sense of mastery and lower susceptibility to difficulties in daily life. The current pre-registered study involves a longitudinal extension to determine (a) stability and (b) predictive value of the previously identified two subgroups. Subgroups were identified using community detection based on 14 self-report measures related to demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics in two samples (aged 31-86?years) that were analyzed separately: Sample 1 (NAutism = 80) measured 5?years after baseline and Sample 2 (NAutism = 241, NComparison = 211) measured 2?years after baseline. The stability over time was assessed based on (a) the number of subgroups, (b) subgroup profiles, and (c) subgroup membership. Predictive validity was assessed for cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and QoL. Results indicated that autistic and non-autistic adults formed distinct subgroups. Within both autism samples, the two previously identified autism subgroups were replicated at follow-up. Subgroup profiles were similar for >50% of the variables at two-year follow-up, and 21% at five-year follow-up. Moreover, ?76% remained in the same subgroup at two-year follow-up, and???57% after 5?years. Subgroup membership was predictive of external clinical outcomes up to 5?years. Thus, this study demonstrated the stability and predictive value of the autism subgroups, especially for the two-year follow-up. A further focus on their clinical utility might increase the aptness of support, and may provide more insight into the aging process when being autistic. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3116 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Social competence in autism: A structural equation modeling approach / G. L. SIMMONS in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.761-774 Titre : Social competence in autism: A structural equation modeling approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. L. SIMMONS, Auteur ; B. A. CORBETT, Auteur ; M. D. LERNER, Auteur ; K. WOFFORD, Auteur ; S. W. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.761-774 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic individuals present with difficulties in social competence (e.g., navigating social interactions and fostering relationships). Clinical interventions widely target social cognition and social behavior, but there is inconsistent understanding of the underlying components of social competence. The present study used structural equation modeling to examine social cognition and social behavior and explore the relationship between these latent constructs. Autistic youth (ages 10-17; n = 219) and their caregivers participated in this study. Constructs of social cognition and social behavior were captured using caregiver-report and self-report rating scales, as well as observational measures and direct clinical assessments (e.g., NEPSY-II). Measurement models of social cognition and social behavior demonstrated adequate to good fit. Correlational models demonstrated adequate to poor fit, indicating latent constructs of social cognition and social behavior are not closely related in autistic youth. Exploratory examination of a subsample of male youth (n = 157) evidenced improved model fit of social behavior, specifically. Findings tease apart social cognition and social behavior as cohesive and separable constructs; results do not support a structural relationship between social cognition and social behavior. Noted treatment implications include consideration of how targeting social cognition and social behavior together or separately may support autistic youth's progress toward reaching their identified therapeutic goals and supporting their self-directed social development. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3108 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Social competence in autism: A structural equation modeling approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. L. SIMMONS, Auteur ; B. A. CORBETT, Auteur ; M. D. LERNER, Auteur ; K. WOFFORD, Auteur ; S. W. WHITE, Auteur . - p.761-774. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.761-774 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic individuals present with difficulties in social competence (e.g., navigating social interactions and fostering relationships). Clinical interventions widely target social cognition and social behavior, but there is inconsistent understanding of the underlying components of social competence. The present study used structural equation modeling to examine social cognition and social behavior and explore the relationship between these latent constructs. Autistic youth (ages 10-17; n = 219) and their caregivers participated in this study. Constructs of social cognition and social behavior were captured using caregiver-report and self-report rating scales, as well as observational measures and direct clinical assessments (e.g., NEPSY-II). Measurement models of social cognition and social behavior demonstrated adequate to good fit. Correlational models demonstrated adequate to poor fit, indicating latent constructs of social cognition and social behavior are not closely related in autistic youth. Exploratory examination of a subsample of male youth (n = 157) evidenced improved model fit of social behavior, specifically. Findings tease apart social cognition and social behavior as cohesive and separable constructs; results do not support a structural relationship between social cognition and social behavior. Noted treatment implications include consideration of how targeting social cognition and social behavior together or separately may support autistic youth's progress toward reaching their identified therapeutic goals and supporting their self-directed social development. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3108 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Sensory experiences questionnaire unravels differences in sensory profiles between MECP2-related disorders / Bernhard SUTER in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.775-784 Titre : Sensory experiences questionnaire unravels differences in sensory profiles between MECP2-related disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bernhard SUTER, Auteur ; Davut PEHLIVAN, Auteur ; Muharrem AK, Auteur ; Holly K. HARRIS, Auteur ; Ariel M. LYONS-WARREN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.775-784 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The methyl CpG-binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene is located on the Xq28 region. Loss of function mutations or increased copies of MECP2 result in Rett syndrome (RTT) and MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS), respectively. Individuals with both disorders exhibit overlapping autism symptoms, yet few studies have dissected the differences between these gene dosage sensitive disorders. Further, research examining sensory processing patterns in persons with RTT and MDS is largely absent. Thus, the goal of this study was to analyze and compare sensory processing patterns in persons with RTT and MDS. Towards this goal, caregivers of 50 female individuals with RTT and 122 male individuals with MDS, between 1 and 46?years of age, completed a standardized measure of sensory processing, the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire. Patterns detected in both disorders were compared against each other and against normative values. We found sensory processing abnormalities for both hyper- and hypo-sensitivity in both groups. Interestingly, abnormalities in MDS were more pronounced compared with in RTT, particularly with items concerning hypersensitivity and sensory seeking, but not hyposensitivity. Individuals with MDS also exhibited greater sensory symptoms compared with RTT in the areas of tactile and vestibular sensory processing and for both social and nonsocial stimuli. This study provides a first description of sensory symptoms in individuals with RTT and individuals with MDS. Similar to other neurodevelopmental disorders, a variety of sensory processing abnormalities was found. These findings reveal a first insight into sensory processing abnormalities caused by a dosage sensitive gene and may ultimately help guide therapeutic approaches for these disorders. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3112 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Sensory experiences questionnaire unravels differences in sensory profiles between MECP2-related disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bernhard SUTER, Auteur ; Davut PEHLIVAN, Auteur ; Muharrem AK, Auteur ; Holly K. HARRIS, Auteur ; Ariel M. LYONS-WARREN, Auteur . - p.775-784. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.775-784 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The methyl CpG-binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene is located on the Xq28 region. Loss of function mutations or increased copies of MECP2 result in Rett syndrome (RTT) and MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS), respectively. Individuals with both disorders exhibit overlapping autism symptoms, yet few studies have dissected the differences between these gene dosage sensitive disorders. Further, research examining sensory processing patterns in persons with RTT and MDS is largely absent. Thus, the goal of this study was to analyze and compare sensory processing patterns in persons with RTT and MDS. Towards this goal, caregivers of 50 female individuals with RTT and 122 male individuals with MDS, between 1 and 46?years of age, completed a standardized measure of sensory processing, the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire. Patterns detected in both disorders were compared against each other and against normative values. We found sensory processing abnormalities for both hyper- and hypo-sensitivity in both groups. Interestingly, abnormalities in MDS were more pronounced compared with in RTT, particularly with items concerning hypersensitivity and sensory seeking, but not hyposensitivity. Individuals with MDS also exhibited greater sensory symptoms compared with RTT in the areas of tactile and vestibular sensory processing and for both social and nonsocial stimuli. This study provides a first description of sensory symptoms in individuals with RTT and individuals with MDS. Similar to other neurodevelopmental disorders, a variety of sensory processing abnormalities was found. These findings reveal a first insight into sensory processing abnormalities caused by a dosage sensitive gene and may ultimately help guide therapeutic approaches for these disorders. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3112 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Mental rotation and language in autism spectrum disorder / Caroline LARSON in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.785-798 Titre : Mental rotation and language in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Agata BOCHYNSKA, Auteur ; Mila VULCHANOVA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.785-798 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Though visuospatial skills are often considered a relative strength in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), unexplained difficulties relative to neurotypical (NT) peers have also been observed. Dissociations between spatial cognition and language skills in ASD may explain these difficulties given that these systems are linked in NT individuals. The current study examined performance on a mental rotation task that systematically varied stimulus features and the degree to which performance was associated with language in ASD relative to NT peers. Participants were children and young adults with ASD and 25 pairwise age- and IQ-matched NT peers (p's>0.53). The mental rotation task involved four conditions: two-dimensional (2D) abstract figures, three-dimensional (3D) abstract figures, 2D common objects, and 3D common objects. Structural language was measured using the grammar subscale from the Test of Language Development: Intermediate adapted for Norwegian. Mixed-effects model results indicated that autistic individuals were less accurate and had slower reaction time across mental rotation task conditions than NT peers. Language was associated with mental rotation accuracy for both groups across conditions, but with reaction time only for the NT group. The current study demonstrated selective associations between language and performance on a classic spatial cognition task in autistic individuals. Namely, there was a dissociation between language and in-the-moment efficiency in the ASD group, and this dissociation may reflect a broader dissociation between visuospatial and language systems. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3128 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Mental rotation and language in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Agata BOCHYNSKA, Auteur ; Mila VULCHANOVA, Auteur . - p.785-798. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.785-798 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Though visuospatial skills are often considered a relative strength in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), unexplained difficulties relative to neurotypical (NT) peers have also been observed. Dissociations between spatial cognition and language skills in ASD may explain these difficulties given that these systems are linked in NT individuals. The current study examined performance on a mental rotation task that systematically varied stimulus features and the degree to which performance was associated with language in ASD relative to NT peers. Participants were children and young adults with ASD and 25 pairwise age- and IQ-matched NT peers (p's>0.53). The mental rotation task involved four conditions: two-dimensional (2D) abstract figures, three-dimensional (3D) abstract figures, 2D common objects, and 3D common objects. Structural language was measured using the grammar subscale from the Test of Language Development: Intermediate adapted for Norwegian. Mixed-effects model results indicated that autistic individuals were less accurate and had slower reaction time across mental rotation task conditions than NT peers. Language was associated with mental rotation accuracy for both groups across conditions, but with reaction time only for the NT group. The current study demonstrated selective associations between language and performance on a classic spatial cognition task in autistic individuals. Namely, there was a dissociation between language and in-the-moment efficiency in the ASD group, and this dissociation may reflect a broader dissociation between visuospatial and language systems. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3128 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Leisure, community, workforce participation and quality of life in primary and secondary caregivers of autistic children / Gemma DAVY in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.799-811 Titre : Leisure, community, workforce participation and quality of life in primary and secondary caregivers of autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gemma DAVY, Auteur ; Josephine BARBARO, Auteur ; Katy UNWIN, Auteur ; Megan CLARK, Auteur ; Rachel JELLETT, Auteur ; Perrin DATE, Auteur ; Melanie MUNIANDY, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.799-811 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Parents of Autistic children often modify their participation in leisure, social, and employment activities to meet the caregiving needs of their child. However, few studies have examined the impact this has on caregiver quality of life (QoL). The aim in the current study was to examine the role of participation in a range of activities on QoL amongst primary and secondary caregivers of school-aged Autistic children. Eighty-eight primary (93% mothers) and 63 secondary (91% fathers) caregivers of Autistic children (aged 7- to 12-years) participated in this cross-sectional study, with time pressure, participation, social support, parenting stress, and QoL measured via an online questionnaire. Compared to secondary caregivers, primary caregivers reported fewer employment hours, increased time pressure, less participation in desired activities, and higher perceived responsibility of domestic and child-rearing tasks. Similar levels of leisure frequency, parenting stress, and QoL were identified by both caregivers. Hierarchical regression revealed caregiver participation as important for QoL in both primary and secondary caregivers. However, when measures of caregiver well-being were added to the model, the unique contribution of participation to QoL was reduced, particularly for secondary caregivers. Overall, the findings demonstrate that despite differences in caregiver roles and responsibilities, participation in meaningful activities was important for QoL in all caregivers. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Leisure, community, workforce participation and quality of life in primary and secondary caregivers of autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gemma DAVY, Auteur ; Josephine BARBARO, Auteur ; Katy UNWIN, Auteur ; Megan CLARK, Auteur ; Rachel JELLETT, Auteur ; Perrin DATE, Auteur ; Melanie MUNIANDY, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - p.799-811. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.799-811 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Parents of Autistic children often modify their participation in leisure, social, and employment activities to meet the caregiving needs of their child. However, few studies have examined the impact this has on caregiver quality of life (QoL). The aim in the current study was to examine the role of participation in a range of activities on QoL amongst primary and secondary caregivers of school-aged Autistic children. Eighty-eight primary (93% mothers) and 63 secondary (91% fathers) caregivers of Autistic children (aged 7- to 12-years) participated in this cross-sectional study, with time pressure, participation, social support, parenting stress, and QoL measured via an online questionnaire. Compared to secondary caregivers, primary caregivers reported fewer employment hours, increased time pressure, less participation in desired activities, and higher perceived responsibility of domestic and child-rearing tasks. Similar levels of leisure frequency, parenting stress, and QoL were identified by both caregivers. Hierarchical regression revealed caregiver participation as important for QoL in both primary and secondary caregivers. However, when measures of caregiver well-being were added to the model, the unique contribution of participation to QoL was reduced, particularly for secondary caregivers. Overall, the findings demonstrate that despite differences in caregiver roles and responsibilities, participation in meaningful activities was important for QoL in all caregivers. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Is camouflaging unique for autism? A comparison of camouflaging between adults with autism and ADHD / W. J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.812-823 Titre : Is camouflaging unique for autism? A comparison of camouflaging between adults with autism and ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; A. J. J. MOL, Auteur ; A. P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; T. A. RADHOE, Auteur ; C. TORENVLIET, Auteur ; J. A. Agelink VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; H. M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.812-823 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Camouflaging (using (un)conscious strategies to appear as non-autistic) is thought to be an important reason for late autism diagnoses and mental health difficulties. However, it is unclear whether only autistic people camouflage or whether people with other neurodevelopmental or mental health conditions also use similar camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this preregistered study (AsPredicted: #41811) study, we investigated if adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) also camouflage. Adults aged 30-90?years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q-NL), the ADHD Self-Report (ADHD-SR) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). We investigated differences in camouflaging between adults with ADHD, autism, and a comparison group in an age and sex-matched subsample (N = 105 per group). We explored if autism and ADHD traits explained camouflaging levels in adults with an autism and/or ADHD diagnosis (N = 477). Adults with ADHD scored higher on total camouflaging and assimilation subscale compared to the comparison group. However, adults with ADHD scored lower on total camouflaging, and subscales compensation and assimilation than autistic adults. Autism traits, but not ADHD traits, were a significant predictor of camouflaging, independent of diagnosis. Thus, camouflaging does not seem to be unique to autistic adults, since adults with ADHD also show camouflaging behavior, even though not as much as autistic adults. However, as the CAT-Q-NL specifically measures camouflaging of autistic traits it is important to develop more general measures of camouflaging, to compare camouflaging more reliably in people with different mental health conditions. Furthermore, focusing on camouflaging in adults with ADHD, including potential consequences for late diagnoses and mental health seems a promising future research avenue. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Is camouflaging unique for autism? A comparison of camouflaging between adults with autism and ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; A. J. J. MOL, Auteur ; A. P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; T. A. RADHOE, Auteur ; C. TORENVLIET, Auteur ; J. A. Agelink VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; H. M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.812-823. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.812-823 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Camouflaging (using (un)conscious strategies to appear as non-autistic) is thought to be an important reason for late autism diagnoses and mental health difficulties. However, it is unclear whether only autistic people camouflage or whether people with other neurodevelopmental or mental health conditions also use similar camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this preregistered study (AsPredicted: #41811) study, we investigated if adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) also camouflage. Adults aged 30-90?years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q-NL), the ADHD Self-Report (ADHD-SR) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). We investigated differences in camouflaging between adults with ADHD, autism, and a comparison group in an age and sex-matched subsample (N = 105 per group). We explored if autism and ADHD traits explained camouflaging levels in adults with an autism and/or ADHD diagnosis (N = 477). Adults with ADHD scored higher on total camouflaging and assimilation subscale compared to the comparison group. However, adults with ADHD scored lower on total camouflaging, and subscales compensation and assimilation than autistic adults. Autism traits, but not ADHD traits, were a significant predictor of camouflaging, independent of diagnosis. Thus, camouflaging does not seem to be unique to autistic adults, since adults with ADHD also show camouflaging behavior, even though not as much as autistic adults. However, as the CAT-Q-NL specifically measures camouflaging of autistic traits it is important to develop more general measures of camouflaging, to compare camouflaging more reliably in people with different mental health conditions. Furthermore, focusing on camouflaging in adults with ADHD, including potential consequences for late diagnoses and mental health seems a promising future research avenue. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Investigating implicit emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder across age groups: A cross-modal emotional priming study / Florence Y. N. LEUNG in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.824-837 Titre : Investigating implicit emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder across age groups: A cross-modal emotional priming study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Florence Y. N. LEUNG, Auteur ; Vesna STOJANOVIK, Auteur ; Cunmei JIANG, Auteur ; Fang LIU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.824-837 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Cumulating evidence suggests that atypical emotion processing in autism may generalize across different stimulus domains. However, this evidence comes from studies examining explicit emotion recognition. It remains unclear whether domain-general atypicality also applies to implicit emotion processing in autism and its implication for real-world social communication. To investigate this, we employed a novel cross-modal emotional priming task to assess implicit emotion processing of spoken/sung words (primes) through their influence on subsequent emotional judgment of faces/face-like objects (targets). We assessed whether implicit emotional priming differed between 38 autistic and 38 neurotypical individuals across age groups as a function of prime and target type. Results indicated no overall group differences across age groups, prime types, and target types. However, differential, domain-specific developmental patterns emerged for the autism and neurotypical groups. For neurotypical individuals, speech but not song primed the emotional judgment of faces across ages. This speech-orienting tendency was not observed across ages in the autism group, as priming of speech on faces was not seen in autistic adults. These results outline the importance of the delicate weighting between speech- versus song-orientation in implicit emotion processing throughout development, providing more nuanced insights into the emotion processing profile of autistic individuals. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3124 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Investigating implicit emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder across age groups: A cross-modal emotional priming study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Florence Y. N. LEUNG, Auteur ; Vesna STOJANOVIK, Auteur ; Cunmei JIANG, Auteur ; Fang LIU, Auteur . - p.824-837. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.824-837 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Cumulating evidence suggests that atypical emotion processing in autism may generalize across different stimulus domains. However, this evidence comes from studies examining explicit emotion recognition. It remains unclear whether domain-general atypicality also applies to implicit emotion processing in autism and its implication for real-world social communication. To investigate this, we employed a novel cross-modal emotional priming task to assess implicit emotion processing of spoken/sung words (primes) through their influence on subsequent emotional judgment of faces/face-like objects (targets). We assessed whether implicit emotional priming differed between 38 autistic and 38 neurotypical individuals across age groups as a function of prime and target type. Results indicated no overall group differences across age groups, prime types, and target types. However, differential, domain-specific developmental patterns emerged for the autism and neurotypical groups. For neurotypical individuals, speech but not song primed the emotional judgment of faces across ages. This speech-orienting tendency was not observed across ages in the autism group, as priming of speech on faces was not seen in autistic adults. These results outline the importance of the delicate weighting between speech- versus song-orientation in implicit emotion processing throughout development, providing more nuanced insights into the emotion processing profile of autistic individuals. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3124 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Infants who develop autism show smaller inventories of deictic and symbolic gestures at 12?months of age / Dennis WU in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.838-851 Titre : Infants who develop autism show smaller inventories of deictic and symbolic gestures at 12?months of age Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dennis WU, Auteur ; Jason J. WOLFF, Auteur ; Shruthi RAVI, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur ; Sarah PATERSON, Auteur ; Tanya ST. JOHN, Auteur ; Hervé ABDI, Auteur ; Luke E. MORAGLIA, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur ; Meghan R. SWANSON, Auteur ; for the IBIS NETWORK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.838-851 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Gestures are an important social communication skill that infants and toddlers use to convey their thoughts, ideas, and intentions. Research suggests that early gesture use has important downstream impacts on developmental processes, such as language learning. However, autistic children are more likely to have challenges in their gestural development. The current study expands upon previous literature on the differences in gesture use between young autistic and non-autistic toddlers by collecting data using a parent-report questionnaire called the MCDI-Words and Gestures at three time points, 12, 18, and 24?months of age. Results (N = 467) showed that high-likelihood infants who later met diagnostic criteria for ASD (n = 73 HL-ASD) have attenuated gesture growth from 12 to 24?months for both deictic gestures and symbolic gestures when compared to high-likelihood infants who later did not meet criteria for ASD (n = 249 HL-Neg) and low-likelihood infants who did not meet criteria for ASD (n = 145 LL-Neg). Other social communicative skills, like play behaviors and imitation, were also found to be impacted in young autistic children when compared to their non-autistic peers. Understanding early differences in social communication growth before a formal autism diagnosis can provide important insights for early intervention. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Infants who develop autism show smaller inventories of deictic and symbolic gestures at 12?months of age [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dennis WU, Auteur ; Jason J. WOLFF, Auteur ; Shruthi RAVI, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur ; Sarah PATERSON, Auteur ; Tanya ST. JOHN, Auteur ; Hervé ABDI, Auteur ; Luke E. MORAGLIA, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur ; Meghan R. SWANSON, Auteur ; for the IBIS NETWORK, Auteur . - p.838-851. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.838-851 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Gestures are an important social communication skill that infants and toddlers use to convey their thoughts, ideas, and intentions. Research suggests that early gesture use has important downstream impacts on developmental processes, such as language learning. However, autistic children are more likely to have challenges in their gestural development. The current study expands upon previous literature on the differences in gesture use between young autistic and non-autistic toddlers by collecting data using a parent-report questionnaire called the MCDI-Words and Gestures at three time points, 12, 18, and 24?months of age. Results (N = 467) showed that high-likelihood infants who later met diagnostic criteria for ASD (n = 73 HL-ASD) have attenuated gesture growth from 12 to 24?months for both deictic gestures and symbolic gestures when compared to high-likelihood infants who later did not meet criteria for ASD (n = 249 HL-Neg) and low-likelihood infants who did not meet criteria for ASD (n = 145 LL-Neg). Other social communicative skills, like play behaviors and imitation, were also found to be impacted in young autistic children when compared to their non-autistic peers. Understanding early differences in social communication growth before a formal autism diagnosis can provide important insights for early intervention. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Increased anticholinergic medication use in middle-aged and older autistic adults and its associations with self-reported memory difficulties and cognitive decline / Goldie A. MCQUAID in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.852-867 Titre : Increased anticholinergic medication use in middle-aged and older autistic adults and its associations with self-reported memory difficulties and cognitive decline Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Sean C. DUANE, Auteur ; Neha AHMED, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Rebecca CHARLTON, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.852-867 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Many commonly used prescription and over-the-counter medicines have potent anticholinergic (AC) effects. Among older adults, AC medications are associated with cognitive impairment and risk for cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Collectively, the impact of AC medications is known as anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB). Because of the high rates of co-occurring medical and psychiatric conditions, autistic adults may have high AC exposure and, thus, may experience elevated ACB. However, no research has characterized AC exposure or examined its associations with cognitive outcomes in autistic adults. Autistic adults (40-83?years) recruited via Simons Powering Autism Research's (SPARK) Research Match service self-reported their medication use (N = 415) and memory complaints (N = 382) at Time (T)1. At T2, 2?years later, a subset of T1 participants (N = 197) self-reported on decline in cognition. Medications were coded using two scales of AC potency. A high proportion (48.2%-62.9%, depending upon the AC potency scale) of autistic adults reported taking at least one medication with AC effects, and 20.5% to 26.5% of autistic adults reported clinically-relevant levels of AC medication (potency ?3). After controlling for birth-sex, and age, hierarchical linear regression models showed total ACB scores and AC potency values of ?3 predicted greater memory complaints. Logistic regression models showed that AC medicines at T1 were associated with self-reported cognitive decline at follow-up 2?years later. Understanding AC medications-including potentially earlier AC polypharmacy-and their impacts on cognition (e.g., dementia risk) in autistic adults is warranted. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3076 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Increased anticholinergic medication use in middle-aged and older autistic adults and its associations with self-reported memory difficulties and cognitive decline [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Sean C. DUANE, Auteur ; Neha AHMED, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Rebecca CHARLTON, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.852-867. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.852-867 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Many commonly used prescription and over-the-counter medicines have potent anticholinergic (AC) effects. Among older adults, AC medications are associated with cognitive impairment and risk for cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Collectively, the impact of AC medications is known as anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB). Because of the high rates of co-occurring medical and psychiatric conditions, autistic adults may have high AC exposure and, thus, may experience elevated ACB. However, no research has characterized AC exposure or examined its associations with cognitive outcomes in autistic adults. Autistic adults (40-83?years) recruited via Simons Powering Autism Research's (SPARK) Research Match service self-reported their medication use (N = 415) and memory complaints (N = 382) at Time (T)1. At T2, 2?years later, a subset of T1 participants (N = 197) self-reported on decline in cognition. Medications were coded using two scales of AC potency. A high proportion (48.2%-62.9%, depending upon the AC potency scale) of autistic adults reported taking at least one medication with AC effects, and 20.5% to 26.5% of autistic adults reported clinically-relevant levels of AC medication (potency ?3). After controlling for birth-sex, and age, hierarchical linear regression models showed total ACB scores and AC potency values of ?3 predicted greater memory complaints. Logistic regression models showed that AC medicines at T1 were associated with self-reported cognitive decline at follow-up 2?years later. Understanding AC medications-including potentially earlier AC polypharmacy-and their impacts on cognition (e.g., dementia risk) in autistic adults is warranted. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3076 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526