Contextual risks and psychosocial outcomes among rural African American emerging adults: A latent profile analysis / Trenette Clark GOINGS in Development and Psychopathology, 34-1 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 34-1 (February 2022) . - p.395-407 Titre : Contextual risks and psychosocial outcomes among rural African American emerging adults: A latent profile analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Trenette Clark GOINGS, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gene H. BRODY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.395-407 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Black  child maltreatment  depression  discrimination  drug use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : African American emerging adults face unique contextual risks that place them at heightened risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of contextual risks among rural African American emerging adults and determine how risk profiles relate to psychosocial outcomes. Our representative sample included 667 fifth graders who live in the rural South and were followed from preadolescence into emerging adulthood. Contextual risks were assessed at ages 19?21 years via six indicators: perceived stress, daily stress, community disadvantage, parent?child conflict, racial discrimination, and childhood trauma. Four psychosocial variables were also assessed at ages 19?21 years: self-regulation, racial identity, parent support, and friend support. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed at age 25 years: education, substance use, future orientation, depressive symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Latent profile analysis results indicated that the sample could be characterized by three patterns of contextual risk: low contextual risk, high contextual risk, and high contextual risk?childhood trauma. Risk profiles were associated with psychosocial outcomes, with the childhood trauma and high-risk profiles faring worse than the low-risk profile. Further, childhood trauma was particularly predictive of worse outcomes for emerging adults. Findings highlight the need for research and prevention programs that mitigate the effects of contextual risks on psychosocial outcomes for African American emerging adults in rural areas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001339 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 [article] Contextual risks and psychosocial outcomes among rural African American emerging adults: A latent profile analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Trenette Clark GOINGS, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gene H. BRODY, Auteur . - p.395-407. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 34-1 (February 2022) . - p.395-407 Mots-clés : Black  child maltreatment  depression  discrimination  drug use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : African American emerging adults face unique contextual risks that place them at heightened risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of contextual risks among rural African American emerging adults and determine how risk profiles relate to psychosocial outcomes. Our representative sample included 667 fifth graders who live in the rural South and were followed from preadolescence into emerging adulthood. Contextual risks were assessed at ages 19?21 years via six indicators: perceived stress, daily stress, community disadvantage, parent?child conflict, racial discrimination, and childhood trauma. Four psychosocial variables were also assessed at ages 19?21 years: self-regulation, racial identity, parent support, and friend support. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed at age 25 years: education, substance use, future orientation, depressive symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Latent profile analysis results indicated that the sample could be characterized by three patterns of contextual risk: low contextual risk, high contextual risk, and high contextual risk?childhood trauma. Risk profiles were associated with psychosocial outcomes, with the childhood trauma and high-risk profiles faring worse than the low-risk profile. Further, childhood trauma was particularly predictive of worse outcomes for emerging adults. Findings highlight the need for research and prevention programs that mitigate the effects of contextual risks on psychosocial outcomes for African American emerging adults in rural areas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001339 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474

A differential susceptibility analysis reveals the “who and how” about adolescents' responses to preventive interventions: Tests of first- and second-generation Gene × Intervention hypotheses / Gene H. BRODY in Development and Psychopathology, 27-1 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 27-1 (February 2015) . - p.37-49 Titre : A differential susceptibility analysis reveals the “who and how” about adolescents' responses to preventive interventions: Tests of first- and second-generation Gene × Intervention hypotheses Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.37-49 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was designed to investigate a genetic moderation effect of dopamine receptor 4 gene (DRD4) alleles that have seven or more repeats (long alleles) on an intervention to deter drug use among rural African American adolescents in high-risk families. Adolescents (N = 291, M age = 17) were assigned randomly to the Adults in the Making (AIM) program or to a control condition and were followed for 27.5 months. Adolescents provided data on drug use and vulnerability cognitions three times after pretest. Pretest assessments of caregiver depressive symptoms, disruption in the home, and support toward the adolescent were used to construct a family risk index. Adolescents living in high-risk families who carried at least one DRD4 long allele and were assigned to the control condition evinced greater escalations in drug use than did (a) adolescents who lived in high-risk families, carried the DRD4 long allele, and were assigned to AIM, or (b) adolescents assigned to either condition who carried no DRD4 long alleles. AIM-induced reductions in vulnerability cognitions were responsible for the Family Risk × AIM × DRD4 status drug use prevention effects. These findings support differential susceptibility predictions and imply that prevention effects on genetically susceptible individuals may be underestimated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941400128X Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 [article] A differential susceptibility analysis reveals the “who and how” about adolescents' responses to preventive interventions: Tests of first- and second-generation Gene × Intervention hypotheses [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur . - p.37-49. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 27-1 (February 2015) . - p.37-49 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was designed to investigate a genetic moderation effect of dopamine receptor 4 gene (DRD4) alleles that have seven or more repeats (long alleles) on an intervention to deter drug use among rural African American adolescents in high-risk families. Adolescents (N = 291, M age = 17) were assigned randomly to the Adults in the Making (AIM) program or to a control condition and were followed for 27.5 months. Adolescents provided data on drug use and vulnerability cognitions three times after pretest. Pretest assessments of caregiver depressive symptoms, disruption in the home, and support toward the adolescent were used to construct a family risk index. Adolescents living in high-risk families who carried at least one DRD4 long allele and were assigned to the control condition evinced greater escalations in drug use than did (a) adolescents who lived in high-risk families, carried the DRD4 long allele, and were assigned to AIM, or (b) adolescents assigned to either condition who carried no DRD4 long alleles. AIM-induced reductions in vulnerability cognitions were responsible for the Family Risk × AIM × DRD4 status drug use prevention effects. These findings support differential susceptibility predictions and imply that prevention effects on genetically susceptible individuals may be underestimated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941400128X Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257

A family-centered prevention ameliorates the associations of low self-control during childhood with employment income and poverty status in young African American adults / Gene H. BRODY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-4 (April 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-4 (April 2020) . - p.425-435 Titre : A family-centered prevention ameliorates the associations of low self-control during childhood with employment income and poverty status in young African American adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.425-435 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : African American  Parent-child relations  preventive intervention  self-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Children with low self-control who grow up in poverty are at elevated risk for living in poverty when they are adults. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the intergenerational continuity of poverty by (a) examining the likelihood that children with low levels of self-control at age 11 earn less employment income and are more likely to live in poverty 14 years later, at age 25; and (b) determining, via a preventive intervention, whether enhancing supportive parenting during childhood will ameliorate these associations. METHODS: Parents and their 11-year-old children from 381 families participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Teachers assessed children's self-control at 11 years; parents reported their use of supportive parenting when children were 11 and 13 years; emerging adults provided data on cognitive and emotional self-control at 19, 20, and 21 years; and young adults indicated their employment income at 25 years. RESULTS: Significant two-way interactions were detected between children's self-control and prevention condition for employment income (b = -183.18, 95% CI [-363.82, -2.53], p < .05) and poverty status (b = 0.257, 95% CI [0.018, 0.497], p < .05). Low self-control at age 11 forecast less employment income and a greater likelihood of living in poverty among children in the control condition, but not among low self-control SAAF participants. Mediated moderation analyses confirmed that enhanced supportive parenting accounted for SAAF's effects on employment income (indirect effect = 63.057, 95% BCA [19.385, 124.748]) and poverty status (indirect effect = -0.071, 95% BCA [-0.165, -0.016]). CONCLUSIONS: This study is unique in using a randomized controlled trial to show that preventive interventions designed to enhance parenting and strengthen families can buffer the long-term economic consequences of low self-control. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13139 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] A family-centered prevention ameliorates the associations of low self-control during childhood with employment income and poverty status in young African American adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur . - p.425-435. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-4 (April 2020) . - p.425-435 Mots-clés : African American  Parent-child relations  preventive intervention  self-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Children with low self-control who grow up in poverty are at elevated risk for living in poverty when they are adults. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the intergenerational continuity of poverty by (a) examining the likelihood that children with low levels of self-control at age 11 earn less employment income and are more likely to live in poverty 14 years later, at age 25; and (b) determining, via a preventive intervention, whether enhancing supportive parenting during childhood will ameliorate these associations. METHODS: Parents and their 11-year-old children from 381 families participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Teachers assessed children's self-control at 11 years; parents reported their use of supportive parenting when children were 11 and 13 years; emerging adults provided data on cognitive and emotional self-control at 19, 20, and 21 years; and young adults indicated their employment income at 25 years. RESULTS: Significant two-way interactions were detected between children's self-control and prevention condition for employment income (b = -183.18, 95% CI [-363.82, -2.53], p < .05) and poverty status (b = 0.257, 95% CI [0.018, 0.497], p < .05). Low self-control at age 11 forecast less employment income and a greater likelihood of living in poverty among children in the control condition, but not among low self-control SAAF participants. Mediated moderation analyses confirmed that enhanced supportive parenting accounted for SAAF's effects on employment income (indirect effect = 63.057, 95% BCA [19.385, 124.748]) and poverty status (indirect effect = -0.071, 95% BCA [-0.165, -0.016]). CONCLUSIONS: This study is unique in using a randomized controlled trial to show that preventive interventions designed to enhance parenting and strengthen families can buffer the long-term economic consequences of low self-control. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13139 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

Family-centered prevention ameliorates the longitudinal association between risky family processes and epigenetic aging / Gene H. BRODY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-5 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-5 (May 2016) . - p.566-574 Titre : Family-centered prevention ameliorates the longitudinal association between risky family processes and epigenetic aging Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur ; Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.566-574 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Depression  epigenetics  epigenetic clock  health  intervention  parenting  prevention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research has suggested that ‘risky’ family processes have unforeseen negative consequences for health later in life. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of risky family environments and development of health vulnerabilities by (a) examining the likelihood that elevated levels of parental depressive symptoms when children are age 11 forecast accelerated epigenetic aging 9 years later at age 20; (b) determining whether participation in an efficacious family-centered prevention program focused on enhancing supportive parenting and strengthening family relationships will ameliorate this association; and (c) testing a moderation-mediation hypothesis that prevention-induced reductions in harsh parenting across adolescence will account for prevention effects in reducing accelerated epigenetic aging. Methods In the rural southeastern United States, parents and 11-year-old children from 399 families participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Parents reported their own depressive symptoms when their children were 11, and both youths and parents reported youth exposure to harsh parenting at ages 11 and 16. Blood was drawn from youths at age 20 to measure accelerated epigenetic aging using a marker derived from the DNA methylation of cells. Results Elevated parental depressive symptoms forecast accelerated epigenetic aging among youths in the control condition, but not among SAAF participants. Moderated-mediation analyses confirmed that reductions in harsh parenting accounted for SAAF's protective effects on epigenetic aging. Subsequent exploratory analyses indicated that accelerated epigenetic aging forecast emotional distress among young adults in the control condition but not among those who participated in SAAF. Conclusions This study is unique in using a randomized prevention trial to test hypotheses about the ways risky family processes contribute to accelerated epigenetic aging. The results suggest that developmentally appropriate family-centered interventions designed to enhance parenting and strengthen families can buffer the biological residue of life in a risky family. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12495 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 [article] Family-centered prevention ameliorates the longitudinal association between risky family processes and epigenetic aging [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur ; Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur . - p.566-574. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-5 (May 2016) . - p.566-574 Mots-clés : Depression  epigenetics  epigenetic clock  health  intervention  parenting  prevention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research has suggested that ‘risky’ family processes have unforeseen negative consequences for health later in life. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of risky family environments and development of health vulnerabilities by (a) examining the likelihood that elevated levels of parental depressive symptoms when children are age 11 forecast accelerated epigenetic aging 9 years later at age 20; (b) determining whether participation in an efficacious family-centered prevention program focused on enhancing supportive parenting and strengthening family relationships will ameliorate this association; and (c) testing a moderation-mediation hypothesis that prevention-induced reductions in harsh parenting across adolescence will account for prevention effects in reducing accelerated epigenetic aging. Methods In the rural southeastern United States, parents and 11-year-old children from 399 families participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Parents reported their own depressive symptoms when their children were 11, and both youths and parents reported youth exposure to harsh parenting at ages 11 and 16. Blood was drawn from youths at age 20 to measure accelerated epigenetic aging using a marker derived from the DNA methylation of cells. Results Elevated parental depressive symptoms forecast accelerated epigenetic aging among youths in the control condition, but not among SAAF participants. Moderated-mediation analyses confirmed that reductions in harsh parenting accounted for SAAF's protective effects on epigenetic aging. Subsequent exploratory analyses indicated that accelerated epigenetic aging forecast emotional distress among young adults in the control condition but not among those who participated in SAAF. Conclusions This study is unique in using a randomized prevention trial to test hypotheses about the ways risky family processes contribute to accelerated epigenetic aging. The results suggest that developmentally appropriate family-centered interventions designed to enhance parenting and strengthen families can buffer the biological residue of life in a risky family. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12495 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288

Life stress, the dopamine receptor gene, and emerging adult drug use trajectories: A longitudinal, multilevel, mediated moderation analysis / Gene H. BRODY in Development and Psychopathology, 24-3 (August 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 24-3 (August 2012) . - p.941-51 Titre : Life stress, the dopamine receptor gene, and emerging adult drug use trajectories: A longitudinal, multilevel, mediated moderation analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Yi-Fu CHEN, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur ; Steven M. KOGAN, Auteur ; Ronald L. SIMONS, Auteur ; Michael WINDLE, Auteur ; Robert A. PHILIBERT, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.941-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was designed to examine the prospective relations of life stress and genetic status with increases in drug use. African Americans (N = 399) in rural Georgia (Wave 1 mean age = 17 years) provided three waves of data across 27.5 months and a saliva sample from which the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene was genotyped. Multilevel growth curve modeling analysis indicated that emerging adults manifested the highest escalations in drug use when they reported high life stress and carried an allele of DRD4 with 7 or more repeats (7 + R allele). In addition, emerging adults who reported high life stress and carried the 7 + R allele evinced the largest increases in two proximal risk factors for drug use: affiliations with drug-using companions and drug use vulnerability cognitions. Furthermore, when the Gene × Environment interaction effects on the increases in affiliations with drug-using companions and vulnerability cognitions were entered into the model forecasting drug use, the Life Stress × DRD4 Status interaction on drug use became nonsignificant in the presence of the risk mechanisms. This finding provides an example of “second generation” Gene × Environment interaction research in which the interaction's effects on proximal risk mechanisms account for its effects on outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000466 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 [article] Life stress, the dopamine receptor gene, and emerging adult drug use trajectories: A longitudinal, multilevel, mediated moderation analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Yi-Fu CHEN, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Steven R. H. BEACH, Auteur ; Steven M. KOGAN, Auteur ; Ronald L. SIMONS, Auteur ; Michael WINDLE, Auteur ; Robert A. PHILIBERT, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.941-51. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 24-3 (August 2012) . - p.941-51 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was designed to examine the prospective relations of life stress and genetic status with increases in drug use. African Americans (N = 399) in rural Georgia (Wave 1 mean age = 17 years) provided three waves of data across 27.5 months and a saliva sample from which the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene was genotyped. Multilevel growth curve modeling analysis indicated that emerging adults manifested the highest escalations in drug use when they reported high life stress and carried an allele of DRD4 with 7 or more repeats (7 + R allele). In addition, emerging adults who reported high life stress and carried the 7 + R allele evinced the largest increases in two proximal risk factors for drug use: affiliations with drug-using companions and drug use vulnerability cognitions. Furthermore, when the Gene × Environment interaction effects on the increases in affiliations with drug-using companions and vulnerability cognitions were entered into the model forecasting drug use, the Life Stress × DRD4 Status interaction on drug use became nonsignificant in the presence of the risk mechanisms. This finding provides an example of “second generation” Gene × Environment interaction research in which the interaction's effects on proximal risk mechanisms account for its effects on outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000466 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178

Neighborhood × Serotonin Transporter Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR) interactions for substance use from ages 10 to 24 years using a harmonized data set of African American children / Michael WINDLE in Development and Psychopathology, 28-2 (May 2016)  

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Resilience to adversity and the early origins of disease / Gene H. BRODY in Development and Psychopathology, 28-4 pt2 (November 2016)  

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Socioeconomic disadvantage and high-effort coping in childhood: evidence of skin-deep resilience / Sarah M. LYLE ; Kelsey L. CORALLO ; Julie M. BRISSON ; Elizabeth R. WIGGINS ; Tianyi YU ; Edith CHEN ; Gregory E. MILLER ; Gene H. BRODY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-3 (March 2023)  

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The developmental course of illicit substance use from age 12 to 22: links with depressive, anxiety, and behavior disorders at age 18 / Jennifer E. LANSFORD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49-8 (August 2008)  

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Why now? Examining antecedents for substance use initiation among African American adolescents / Tamika C. B. ZAPOLSKI in Development and Psychopathology, 32-2 (May 2020)  

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Youth temperament, harsh parenting, and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene forecast allostatic load during emerging adulthood / Gene H. BRODY in Development and Psychopathology, 29-3 (August 2017)  

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