Racial and ethnic disparities in the co-occurrence of intellectual disability and autism: Impact of incorporating measures of adaptive functioning / Sarah M. FURNIER in Autism Research, 17-3 (March 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-3 (March 2024) . - p.650-667 Titre : Racial and ethnic disparities in the co-occurrence of intellectual disability and autism: Impact of incorporating measures of adaptive functioning Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah M. FURNIER, Auteur ; Ronald GANGNON, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur ; Cy NADLER, Auteur ; Karen PAZOL, Auteur ; Nuri M. REYES, Auteur ; Steven A. ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Eric RUBENSTEIN, Auteur ; Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Marshalyn YEARGIN-ALLSOPP, Auteur ; Maureen S. DURKIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.650-667 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Intellectual disability (ID) commonly co-occurs in children with autism. Although diagnostic criteria for ID require impairments in both cognitive and adaptive functioning, most population-based estimates of the frequency of co-occurring ID in children with autism-including studies of racial and ethnic disparities in co-occurring autism and ID-base the definition of ID solely on cognitive scores. The goal of this analysis was to examine the effect of including both cognitive and adaptive behavior criteria on estimates of co-occurring ID in a well-characterized sample of 2- to 5-year-old children with autism. Participants included 3264 children with research or community diagnoses of autism enrolled in the population-based Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) phases 1-3. Based only on Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) composite cognitive scores, 62.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.1, 64.7%) of children with autism were estimated to have co-occurring ID. After incorporating Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS-II) composite or domains criteria, co-occurring ID estimates were reduced to 38.0% (95% CI: 36.2, 39.8%) and 45.0% (95% CI: 43.1, 46.9%), respectively. The increased odds of meeting ID criteria observed for non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic children relative to NH White children when only MSEL criteria were used were substantially reduced, though not eliminated, after incorporating VABS-II criteria and adjusting for selected socioeconomic variables. This study provides evidence for the importance of considering adaptive behavior as well as socioeconomic disadvantage when describing racial and ethnic disparities in co-occurring ID in epidemiologic studies of autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3107 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Racial and ethnic disparities in the co-occurrence of intellectual disability and autism: Impact of incorporating measures of adaptive functioning [texte imprimé] / Sarah M. FURNIER, Auteur ; Ronald GANGNON, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur ; Cy NADLER, Auteur ; Karen PAZOL, Auteur ; Nuri M. REYES, Auteur ; Steven A. ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Eric RUBENSTEIN, Auteur ; Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Marshalyn YEARGIN-ALLSOPP, Auteur ; Maureen S. DURKIN, Auteur . - p.650-667. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-3 (March 2024) . - p.650-667 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Intellectual disability (ID) commonly co-occurs in children with autism. Although diagnostic criteria for ID require impairments in both cognitive and adaptive functioning, most population-based estimates of the frequency of co-occurring ID in children with autism-including studies of racial and ethnic disparities in co-occurring autism and ID-base the definition of ID solely on cognitive scores. The goal of this analysis was to examine the effect of including both cognitive and adaptive behavior criteria on estimates of co-occurring ID in a well-characterized sample of 2- to 5-year-old children with autism. Participants included 3264 children with research or community diagnoses of autism enrolled in the population-based Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) phases 1-3. Based only on Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) composite cognitive scores, 62.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.1, 64.7%) of children with autism were estimated to have co-occurring ID. After incorporating Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS-II) composite or domains criteria, co-occurring ID estimates were reduced to 38.0% (95% CI: 36.2, 39.8%) and 45.0% (95% CI: 43.1, 46.9%), respectively. The increased odds of meeting ID criteria observed for non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic children relative to NH White children when only MSEL criteria were used were substantially reduced, though not eliminated, after incorporating VABS-II criteria and adjusting for selected socioeconomic variables. This study provides evidence for the importance of considering adaptive behavior as well as socioeconomic disadvantage when describing racial and ethnic disparities in co-occurring ID in epidemiologic studies of autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3107 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Trends Over Time in the Prevalence of Autism by Adaptive and Intellectual Functioning Levels / Sarah M. FURNIER in Autism Research, 19-1 (January 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 19-1 (January 2026) . - p.e70167 Titre : Trends Over Time in the Prevalence of Autism by Adaptive and Intellectual Functioning Levels Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah M. FURNIER, Auteur ; Ronald GANGNON, Auteur ; Maureen S. DURKIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.e70167 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive behavior  adaptive functioning  co-occurring conditions  intellectual disability  IQ  prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The autistic community is a large, growing, and heterogeneous population, and there is a need for improved methods to describe their diverse needs. Measures of adaptive functioning collected through public health surveillance may provide valuable information on functioning and support needs at a population level. We aimed to use adaptive behavior and cognitive scores abstracted from health and educational records to describe trends over time in the population prevalence of autism by adaptive level and co-occurrence of intellectual disability (ID). Using data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, years 2000 to 2016, we estimated the prevalence of autism per 1000 8-year-old children by four levels of adaptive challenges (moderate to profound, mild, borderline, or none) and by co-occurrence of ID. The prevalence of autism with mild, borderline, or no significant adaptive challenges increased between 2000 and 2016, from 5.1 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6?5.5) to 17.6 (95% CI: 17.1?18.1) while the prevalence of autism with moderate to profound challenges decreased slightly, from 1.5 (95% CI: 1.2?1.7) to 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1?1.4). The prevalence increase was greater for autism without co-occurring ID than for autism with co-occurring ID. The increase in autism prevalence between 2000 and 2016 was confined to autism with milder phenotypes. This trend could indicate improved identification of milder forms of autism over time. It is possible that increased access to therapies that improve intellectual and adaptive functioning of children diagnosed with autism also contributed to the trends. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70167 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=578 [article] Trends Over Time in the Prevalence of Autism by Adaptive and Intellectual Functioning Levels [texte imprimé] / Sarah M. FURNIER, Auteur ; Ronald GANGNON, Auteur ; Maureen S. DURKIN, Auteur . - p.e70167. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 19-1 (January 2026) . - p.e70167 Mots-clés : adaptive behavior  adaptive functioning  co-occurring conditions  intellectual disability  IQ  prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The autistic community is a large, growing, and heterogeneous population, and there is a need for improved methods to describe their diverse needs. Measures of adaptive functioning collected through public health surveillance may provide valuable information on functioning and support needs at a population level. We aimed to use adaptive behavior and cognitive scores abstracted from health and educational records to describe trends over time in the population prevalence of autism by adaptive level and co-occurrence of intellectual disability (ID). Using data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, years 2000 to 2016, we estimated the prevalence of autism per 1000 8-year-old children by four levels of adaptive challenges (moderate to profound, mild, borderline, or none) and by co-occurrence of ID. The prevalence of autism with mild, borderline, or no significant adaptive challenges increased between 2000 and 2016, from 5.1 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6?5.5) to 17.6 (95% CI: 17.1?18.1) while the prevalence of autism with moderate to profound challenges decreased slightly, from 1.5 (95% CI: 1.2?1.7) to 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1?1.4). The prevalence increase was greater for autism without co-occurring ID than for autism with co-occurring ID. The increase in autism prevalence between 2000 and 2016 was confined to autism with milder phenotypes. This trend could indicate improved identification of milder forms of autism over time. It is possible that increased access to therapies that improve intellectual and adaptive functioning of children diagnosed with autism also contributed to the trends. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70167 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=578

Using adaptive behavior scores to convey level of functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Study to Explore Early Development / Sarah M. FURNIER in Autism, 28-5 (May 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-5 (May 2024) . - p.1135-1149 Titre : Using adaptive behavior scores to convey level of functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Study to Explore Early Development Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah M. FURNIER, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur ; Eric RUBENSTEIN, Auteur ; Ronald GANGNON, Auteur ; Steven A. ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Cy NADLER, Auteur ; Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Maureen S. DURKIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1135-1149 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive behavior  adaptive functioning  autism spectrum disorders  cognitive development  epidemiology  intelligence quotient Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined relationships between measures of adaptive behavior, cognitive ability, and autism symptom severity in 1458 preschool-aged children with autism from the Study to Explore Early Development. While publications commonly describe autistic children as "low-" or "high-functioning" based on cognitive ability, relying solely on cognitive scores may obscure meaningful variation in functioning. We found significant heterogeneity in adaptive behavior scores of children with cognitive scores both above and below the threshold of two or more standard deviations below the population mean specified in the diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability (ID). Although cognitive and adaptive behavior scores were strongly associated in our sample, considerable variation in overall adaptive behavior and more than half in socialization and motor skills was unaccounted for by cognitive ability, autism symptom severity, and other covariates. Among children who could be designated "low-functioning" based on cognitive scores, 39.7% had composite adaptive behavior scores indicating no significant delays, while among those who might be designated "high-functioning," 9.0% had significant delays in overall adaptive behavior and 22.2% in socialization. These results suggest adaptive behavior scores capture variations in the autism phenotype not accounted for by other measures we considered. Lay Abstract Autistic people are often described as "low-" or "high-functioning" based on their scores on cognitive tests. These terms are common in publications and in everyday communication. However, recent research and feedback from the autistic community suggests that relying on cognitive ability alone to describe functioning may miss meaningful differences in the abilities of autistic children and adults and in the kinds of support they may need. Additional methods are needed to describe "functioning" in autistic children. We examined whether scores from a test measuring adaptive behaviors would provide information on the functional abilities of children with autism that is different from cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. Adaptive behaviors include age-appropriate skills that allow people to function in their everyday lives and social interactions. We found that a large amount of the variation in adaptive behavior scores was not explained by cognitive development, autism symptom severity, and behavioral and emotional problems. In addition, there was a wide range of adaptive ability levels in children with autism in our study, including in those with low, average, or high cognitive scores. Our results suggest that adaptive behavior scores could provide useful information about the strengths and support needs of autistic children above and beyond measures of cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. Adaptive behavior scores provide important information on the needs of autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231193194 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=527 [article] Using adaptive behavior scores to convey level of functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Study to Explore Early Development [texte imprimé] / Sarah M. FURNIER, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur ; Eric RUBENSTEIN, Auteur ; Ronald GANGNON, Auteur ; Steven A. ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Cy NADLER, Auteur ; Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Maureen S. DURKIN, Auteur . - p.1135-1149. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-5 (May 2024) . - p.1135-1149 Mots-clés : adaptive behavior  adaptive functioning  autism spectrum disorders  cognitive development  epidemiology  intelligence quotient Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined relationships between measures of adaptive behavior, cognitive ability, and autism symptom severity in 1458 preschool-aged children with autism from the Study to Explore Early Development. While publications commonly describe autistic children as "low-" or "high-functioning" based on cognitive ability, relying solely on cognitive scores may obscure meaningful variation in functioning. We found significant heterogeneity in adaptive behavior scores of children with cognitive scores both above and below the threshold of two or more standard deviations below the population mean specified in the diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability (ID). Although cognitive and adaptive behavior scores were strongly associated in our sample, considerable variation in overall adaptive behavior and more than half in socialization and motor skills was unaccounted for by cognitive ability, autism symptom severity, and other covariates. Among children who could be designated "low-functioning" based on cognitive scores, 39.7% had composite adaptive behavior scores indicating no significant delays, while among those who might be designated "high-functioning," 9.0% had significant delays in overall adaptive behavior and 22.2% in socialization. These results suggest adaptive behavior scores capture variations in the autism phenotype not accounted for by other measures we considered. Lay Abstract Autistic people are often described as "low-" or "high-functioning" based on their scores on cognitive tests. These terms are common in publications and in everyday communication. However, recent research and feedback from the autistic community suggests that relying on cognitive ability alone to describe functioning may miss meaningful differences in the abilities of autistic children and adults and in the kinds of support they may need. Additional methods are needed to describe "functioning" in autistic children. We examined whether scores from a test measuring adaptive behaviors would provide information on the functional abilities of children with autism that is different from cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. Adaptive behaviors include age-appropriate skills that allow people to function in their everyday lives and social interactions. We found that a large amount of the variation in adaptive behavior scores was not explained by cognitive development, autism symptom severity, and behavioral and emotional problems. In addition, there was a wide range of adaptive ability levels in children with autism in our study, including in those with low, average, or high cognitive scores. Our results suggest that adaptive behavior scores could provide useful information about the strengths and support needs of autistic children above and beyond measures of cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. Adaptive behavior scores provide important information on the needs of autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231193194 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=527

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