Executive Functioning Is Linked to Internalizing Symptoms in Autistic Adults With Higher Support Needs / Ethan GREENSTEIN in Autism, 30-9 (September 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 30-9 (September 2026) . - p.2334-2349 Titre : Executive Functioning Is Linked to Internalizing Symptoms in Autistic Adults With Higher Support Needs Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ethan GREENSTEIN, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2334-2349 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  intellectual disability  adulthood  executive function  emotion regulation  anxiety  depression  higher support needs Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive function (EF) refers to a set of cognitive skills essential for self-regulation, problem-solving, and goal-directed behavior. Although EF’s relationship with co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms is well documented in autistic individuals, particularly children without intellectual disability (ID), far less is known about this relationship in autistic adults with higher support needs, including those with ID. The present study addresses this gap by examining associations between three EF components (flexibility, emotion regulation, and inhibitory control) and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 486 autistic adults with higher support needs (ages 18–68; M = 31.07 years), recruited through the Simons Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) Research Match service. Caregivers completed the Flexibility Scale, the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (inhibitory control and emotion regulation subscales), and the Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Scale (anxiety and depression subscales). Hierarchical linear regressions, controlling for age, sex assigned at birth, likely cognitive impairment, and caregiver educational attainment, revealed that greater difficulties with flexibility and emotion regulation were significantly associated with elevated anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas inhibitory control difficulties were not. These findings identify flexibility and emotion regulation as key correlates of internalizing symptoms in autistic adults with higher support needs, highlighting these domains as potential targets for future mechanistic and intervention research aimed at reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in this group.Lay Abstract Some everyday thinking skills help people manage feelings, handle change, and pause before acting. These are called executive functions. Most studies on these skills in autism have focused on children or on adults who do not have an intellectual disability, so autistic adults who need higher levels of support are often left out of research. In this study, caregivers answered questions about these thinking skills and about anxiety and depression for a large group of autistic adults with higher support needs, including people with intellectual disability. The results showed that greater challenges with flexibility and emotion regulation were linked with more anxiety and depression symptoms, suggesting that flexibility and emotion regulation could be an important focus for intervention development and support provision efforts aimed at reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in this group. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613261466302 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=592 [article] Executive Functioning Is Linked to Internalizing Symptoms in Autistic Adults With Higher Support Needs [texte imprimé] / Ethan GREENSTEIN, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.2334-2349. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 30-9 (September 2026) . - p.2334-2349 Mots-clés : autism  intellectual disability  adulthood  executive function  emotion regulation  anxiety  depression  higher support needs Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive function (EF) refers to a set of cognitive skills essential for self-regulation, problem-solving, and goal-directed behavior. Although EF’s relationship with co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms is well documented in autistic individuals, particularly children without intellectual disability (ID), far less is known about this relationship in autistic adults with higher support needs, including those with ID. The present study addresses this gap by examining associations between three EF components (flexibility, emotion regulation, and inhibitory control) and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 486 autistic adults with higher support needs (ages 18–68; M = 31.07 years), recruited through the Simons Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) Research Match service. Caregivers completed the Flexibility Scale, the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (inhibitory control and emotion regulation subscales), and the Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Scale (anxiety and depression subscales). Hierarchical linear regressions, controlling for age, sex assigned at birth, likely cognitive impairment, and caregiver educational attainment, revealed that greater difficulties with flexibility and emotion regulation were significantly associated with elevated anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas inhibitory control difficulties were not. These findings identify flexibility and emotion regulation as key correlates of internalizing symptoms in autistic adults with higher support needs, highlighting these domains as potential targets for future mechanistic and intervention research aimed at reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in this group.Lay Abstract Some everyday thinking skills help people manage feelings, handle change, and pause before acting. These are called executive functions. Most studies on these skills in autism have focused on children or on adults who do not have an intellectual disability, so autistic adults who need higher levels of support are often left out of research. In this study, caregivers answered questions about these thinking skills and about anxiety and depression for a large group of autistic adults with higher support needs, including people with intellectual disability. The results showed that greater challenges with flexibility and emotion regulation were linked with more anxiety and depression symptoms, suggesting that flexibility and emotion regulation could be an important focus for intervention development and support provision efforts aimed at reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in this group. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613261466302 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=592

Patterns of psychopathology and cognition in sex chromosome aneuploidy / Srishti RAU in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 13 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 13 (2021) Titre : Patterns of psychopathology and cognition in sex chromosome aneuploidy Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Srishti RAU, Auteur ; Ethan T. WHITMAN, Auteur ; Kimberly SCHAUDER, Auteur ; Nikhita GOGATE, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Armin RAZNAHAN, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aneuploidy  Child  Cognition  Humans  Mental Disorders  Sex Chromosome Aberrations  Sex Chromosomes/genetics  Neurogenetic conditions  Psychopathology  Sex chromosome aneuploidy  Sex chromosomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are a collectively common family of genetic disorders that increase the risk for neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairment. Beyond being important medical disorders in their own right, SCAs also offer a unique naturally occurring model for studying X- and Y-chromosome influences on the human brain. However, it remains unclear if (i) different SCAs are associated with different profiles of psychopathology and (ii) the notable interindividual variation in psychopathology is related to co-occurring variation in cognitive ability. METHODS: We examined scores for 11 dimensions of psychopathology [Child/Adult Behavior Checklist (CBCL)] and general cognitive ability [full-scale IQ (FSIQ) from Wechsler tests] in 110 youth with varying SCAs (XXY = 41, XYY = 22, XXX = 27, XXYY = 20) and 131 typically developing controls (XX = 59, XY = 72). RESULTS: All SCAs were associated with elevated CBCL scores across several dimensions of psychopathology (two-sample t tests comparing the euploidic and aneuploidic groups [all |T| > 9, and p < 0.001]). Social and attentional functioning were particularly sensitive to the carriage of a supernumerary Y-chromosome. In particular, the XYY group evidenced significantly more social problems than both extra-X groups (Cohen's d effect size > 0.5, Bonferroni corrected p < .05). There was marked variability in CBCL scores within each SCA group, which generally correlated negatively with IQ, but most strongly so for social and attentional difficulties (standardized β, - 0.3). These correlations showed subtle differences as a function of the SCA group and CBCL scale. CONCLUSIONS: There is domain-specific variation in psychopathology across SCA groups and domain-specific correlation between psychopathology and IQ within SCAs. These findings (i) help to tailor clinical assessment of this common and impactful family of genetic disorders and (ii) suggest that dosage abnormalities of X- and Y-linked genes impart somewhat distinct profiles of neuropsychiatric risk. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-021-09407-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574 [article] Patterns of psychopathology and cognition in sex chromosome aneuploidy [texte imprimé] / Srishti RAU, Auteur ; Ethan T. WHITMAN, Auteur ; Kimberly SCHAUDER, Auteur ; Nikhita GOGATE, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Armin RAZNAHAN, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 13 (2021) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aneuploidy  Child  Cognition  Humans  Mental Disorders  Sex Chromosome Aberrations  Sex Chromosomes/genetics  Neurogenetic conditions  Psychopathology  Sex chromosome aneuploidy  Sex chromosomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are a collectively common family of genetic disorders that increase the risk for neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairment. Beyond being important medical disorders in their own right, SCAs also offer a unique naturally occurring model for studying X- and Y-chromosome influences on the human brain. However, it remains unclear if (i) different SCAs are associated with different profiles of psychopathology and (ii) the notable interindividual variation in psychopathology is related to co-occurring variation in cognitive ability. METHODS: We examined scores for 11 dimensions of psychopathology [Child/Adult Behavior Checklist (CBCL)] and general cognitive ability [full-scale IQ (FSIQ) from Wechsler tests] in 110 youth with varying SCAs (XXY = 41, XYY = 22, XXX = 27, XXYY = 20) and 131 typically developing controls (XX = 59, XY = 72). RESULTS: All SCAs were associated with elevated CBCL scores across several dimensions of psychopathology (two-sample t tests comparing the euploidic and aneuploidic groups [all |T| > 9, and p < 0.001]). Social and attentional functioning were particularly sensitive to the carriage of a supernumerary Y-chromosome. In particular, the XYY group evidenced significantly more social problems than both extra-X groups (Cohen's d effect size > 0.5, Bonferroni corrected p < .05). There was marked variability in CBCL scores within each SCA group, which generally correlated negatively with IQ, but most strongly so for social and attentional difficulties (standardized β, - 0.3). These correlations showed subtle differences as a function of the SCA group and CBCL scale. CONCLUSIONS: There is domain-specific variation in psychopathology across SCA groups and domain-specific correlation between psychopathology and IQ within SCAs. These findings (i) help to tailor clinical assessment of this common and impactful family of genetic disorders and (ii) suggest that dosage abnormalities of X- and Y-linked genes impart somewhat distinct profiles of neuropsychiatric risk. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-021-09407-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=574

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