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Détail de l'auteur
Auteur Simon BARON-COHEN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (211)
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Hormonal Influences in Typical Development: Implications for Autism / Bonnie AUYEUNG
Titre : Hormonal Influences in Typical Development: Implications for Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Importance : p.215-232 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Résumé : Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are strongly biased towards males, with a male:female ratio of 4:1 for classic autism and over 10:1 for Asperger Syndrome. The cause of the observed sex difference in ASC remains a topic of debate. The Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory proposes that autism is an exaggeration of typical sex differences in empathizing and systemizing. Although this theory originally defined the ‘male and ‘female’ brain purely in psychometric terms, it has since been suggested that increased levels of prenatal androgens (particularly testosterone) may produce excessive masculinization of the brain and thereby increase the risk of ASC. An important candidate mechanism for the development of sex-typical behavior is exposure to hormones such as testosterone during pregnancy. Evidence that elevated testosterone levels may be a risk factor for ASC is discussed. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=189 Hormonal Influences in Typical Development: Implications for Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.215-232.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Résumé : Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are strongly biased towards males, with a male:female ratio of 4:1 for classic autism and over 10:1 for Asperger Syndrome. The cause of the observed sex difference in ASC remains a topic of debate. The Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory proposes that autism is an exaggeration of typical sex differences in empathizing and systemizing. Although this theory originally defined the ‘male and ‘female’ brain purely in psychometric terms, it has since been suggested that increased levels of prenatal androgens (particularly testosterone) may produce excessive masculinization of the brain and thereby increase the risk of ASC. An important candidate mechanism for the development of sex-typical behavior is exposure to hormones such as testosterone during pregnancy. Evidence that elevated testosterone levels may be a risk factor for ASC is discussed. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=189 Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire How to Test the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism in Terms of Foetal Androgens? / Rebecca C. KNICKMEYER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-5 (May 2008)
[article]
Titre : How to Test the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism in Terms of Foetal Androgens? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca C. KNICKMEYER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Emma ASHWIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.995-996 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0553-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-5 (May 2008) . - p.995-996[article] How to Test the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism in Terms of Foetal Androgens? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca C. KNICKMEYER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Emma ASHWIN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.995-996.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-5 (May 2008) . - p.995-996
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0553-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418 L'hypothèse de la théorie de l'esprit : les enfants autistes parlent-ils de leurs rêves ? / Jaime CRAIG in Psychologie Française, 43-2 (Juin 1998)
[article]
Titre : L'hypothèse de la théorie de l'esprit : les enfants autistes parlent-ils de leurs rêves ? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jaime CRAIG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.169-176 Langues : Français (fre) Index. décimale : AUT-B AUT-B - L'Autisme - Ouvrages généraux et scientifiques Résumé : Cette étude a cherché si des enfants autistes différaient, en ce qui concerne les récits spontanés des rêves, de deux groupes contrôles d'enfants : des enfants au développement normal, et des enfants avec des troubles d'apprentissage, appariés sur l'âge mental verbal. De façon significative dans cette étude, moins d'enfants autistes ont parlé de leurs rêves au cours de leur vie. En outre, les autistes qui ont parlé de leurs rêves l'ont fait plus rarement et ont commencé à le faire à un âge plus tardif que les enfants des groupes contrôles. Ces résultats sont discutés en liaison avec le retard, dans l'autisme, du développement d'une théorie de l'esprit.
Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=827
in Psychologie Française > 43-2 (Juin 1998) . - p.169-176[article] L'hypothèse de la théorie de l'esprit : les enfants autistes parlent-ils de leurs rêves ? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jaime CRAIG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.169-176.
Langues : Français (fre)
in Psychologie Française > 43-2 (Juin 1998) . - p.169-176
Index. décimale : AUT-B AUT-B - L'Autisme - Ouvrages généraux et scientifiques Résumé : Cette étude a cherché si des enfants autistes différaient, en ce qui concerne les récits spontanés des rêves, de deux groupes contrôles d'enfants : des enfants au développement normal, et des enfants avec des troubles d'apprentissage, appariés sur l'âge mental verbal. De façon significative dans cette étude, moins d'enfants autistes ont parlé de leurs rêves au cours de leur vie. En outre, les autistes qui ont parlé de leurs rêves l'ont fait plus rarement et ont commencé à le faire à un âge plus tardif que les enfants des groupes contrôles. Ces résultats sont discutés en liaison avec le retard, dans l'autisme, du développement d'une théorie de l'esprit.
Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=827 Increased prevalence of non-communicable physical health conditions among autistic adults / Elizabeth WEIR in Autism, 25-3 (April 2021)
[article]
Titre : Increased prevalence of non-communicable physical health conditions among autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.681-694 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorders health services medical comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research indicates autistic individuals die at a younger age than others and that this is possibly due in part to chronic physical health conditions. The present study used an anonymous, online survey to determine how common certain physical health conditions are among autistic adults, compared with non-autistic adults. We found autistic adults are more likely to develop heart conditions, lung conditions, and diabetes than non-autistic adults. Autistic females may be at higher risk of developing certain conditions (including respiratory conditions, asthma, and prediabetes) than autistic males. Finally, autistic individuals have increased health risks even when considering lifestyle factors (such as smoking, alcohol, and body mass index). This is still a relatively small study, and future research needs to confirm these findings and identify why these risks exist. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320953652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444
in Autism > 25-3 (April 2021) . - p.681-694[article] Increased prevalence of non-communicable physical health conditions among autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.681-694.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 25-3 (April 2021) . - p.681-694
Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorders health services medical comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research indicates autistic individuals die at a younger age than others and that this is possibly due in part to chronic physical health conditions. The present study used an anonymous, online survey to determine how common certain physical health conditions are among autistic adults, compared with non-autistic adults. We found autistic adults are more likely to develop heart conditions, lung conditions, and diabetes than non-autistic adults. Autistic females may be at higher risk of developing certain conditions (including respiratory conditions, asthma, and prediabetes) than autistic males. Finally, autistic individuals have increased health risks even when considering lifestyle factors (such as smoking, alcohol, and body mass index). This is still a relatively small study, and future research needs to confirm these findings and identify why these risks exist. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320953652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults / Elizabeth WEIR ; Carrie ALLISON ; Simon BARON-COHEN in Molecular Autism, 14 (2023)
[article]
Titre : Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 35 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The poorer physical health of autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults has been highlighted by several epidemiological studies. However, research has so far been limited to specific geographical areas and has primarily focused on young autistic individuals (aged 35 years and younger). Recent studies indicate a higher rate of mortality in autistic people, as well as poorer quality of self-reported healthcare interactions. This study aims to determine, first, whether autistic people experience greater levels of non-communicable health conditions and second, whether these are explained by differences in demographics (i.e. sex, country of residence, ethnicity, education level), alcohol use, smoking, body mass index (BMI), or family history of medical conditions. METHOD: We employed a cross-sectional, convenience-sampling study via an anonymous, online survey of autistic and non-autistic adults (n=2305, mean age=41.6, 65.9% female, 49% autistic). The survey asked participants to self-report information about their demographics, autism diagnosis, diet, exercise, sleep, sexual health, substance use, personal medical history, and family medical history (for all first-degree, biological relatives). Binomial logistic regression across four iterative models of increasing complexity was applied to assess rates of physical health conditions. The Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used to account for multiple testing, and only physical health conditions that achieved at least 1% endorsement within the overall sample (n>22) were included in the analysis to reduce risk of Type I errors. We also used novel network analysis methods to test whether there are increased levels of multimorbidity between autistic and non-autistic people. RESULTS: There were significantly elevated rates of non-communicable conditions across all organ systems in autistic people, including gastrointestinal, neurological, endocrine, visual, ear/nose/throat, skin, liver and kidney, and haematological conditions. We confirmed previous findings by showing highly significant differences in rates of neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms (p<0.0001). In addition, we established in the largest sample to date that Ehler-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) was more likely to occur among autistic females compared to non-autistic females. Finally, we found a higher prevalence of Coeliac's disease among autistic individuals compared to non-autistic individuals after controlling for sex, ethnicity, country of residence, alcohol use, smoking, and BMI, but these results became non-significant after accounting for family history. LIMITATIONS: Our study is biased towards females, white individuals, highly educated people, and UK residents, likely due to sampling biases. Our self-report study design may also exclude those who lack access to computers, or those with intellectual disability. Our network analysis is also limited in size. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of widespread, physical health comorbidity that spans nearly all major organ systems in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults, using both binary logistic regression and network models. Healthcare professionals must be made aware of the range of co-occurring physical health conditions that may be more common among autistic people. However, our findings also point towards potential avenues requiring further exploration, such as the association of autism with both Coeliac's disease and EDS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00565-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513
in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 35 p.[article] Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 35 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 35 p.
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The poorer physical health of autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults has been highlighted by several epidemiological studies. However, research has so far been limited to specific geographical areas and has primarily focused on young autistic individuals (aged 35 years and younger). Recent studies indicate a higher rate of mortality in autistic people, as well as poorer quality of self-reported healthcare interactions. This study aims to determine, first, whether autistic people experience greater levels of non-communicable health conditions and second, whether these are explained by differences in demographics (i.e. sex, country of residence, ethnicity, education level), alcohol use, smoking, body mass index (BMI), or family history of medical conditions. METHOD: We employed a cross-sectional, convenience-sampling study via an anonymous, online survey of autistic and non-autistic adults (n=2305, mean age=41.6, 65.9% female, 49% autistic). The survey asked participants to self-report information about their demographics, autism diagnosis, diet, exercise, sleep, sexual health, substance use, personal medical history, and family medical history (for all first-degree, biological relatives). Binomial logistic regression across four iterative models of increasing complexity was applied to assess rates of physical health conditions. The Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used to account for multiple testing, and only physical health conditions that achieved at least 1% endorsement within the overall sample (n>22) were included in the analysis to reduce risk of Type I errors. We also used novel network analysis methods to test whether there are increased levels of multimorbidity between autistic and non-autistic people. RESULTS: There were significantly elevated rates of non-communicable conditions across all organ systems in autistic people, including gastrointestinal, neurological, endocrine, visual, ear/nose/throat, skin, liver and kidney, and haematological conditions. We confirmed previous findings by showing highly significant differences in rates of neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms (p<0.0001). In addition, we established in the largest sample to date that Ehler-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) was more likely to occur among autistic females compared to non-autistic females. Finally, we found a higher prevalence of Coeliac's disease among autistic individuals compared to non-autistic individuals after controlling for sex, ethnicity, country of residence, alcohol use, smoking, and BMI, but these results became non-significant after accounting for family history. LIMITATIONS: Our study is biased towards females, white individuals, highly educated people, and UK residents, likely due to sampling biases. Our self-report study design may also exclude those who lack access to computers, or those with intellectual disability. Our network analysis is also limited in size. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of widespread, physical health comorbidity that spans nearly all major organ systems in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults, using both binary logistic regression and network models. Healthcare professionals must be made aware of the range of co-occurring physical health conditions that may be more common among autistic people. However, our findings also point towards potential avenues requiring further exploration, such as the association of autism with both Coeliac's disease and EDS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00565-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 Initial evidence that non-clinical autistic traits are associated with lower income / W. J. SKYLARK in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)
PermalinkIntact priors for gaze direction in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions / P. J. PELL in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
PermalinkIntegrated genetic and methylomic analyses identify shared biology between autism and autistic traits / A. MASSRALI in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
PermalinkInvestigating diagnostic bias in autism spectrum conditions: An item response theory analysis of sex bias in the AQ-10 / Aja Louise MURRAY in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)
PermalinkInvestigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project / J. TILLMANN in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)
PermalinkIs social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? / L. HULL in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)
PermalinkPermalinkIs the association between mothers' autistic traits and childhood autistic traits moderated by maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index? / Alexandros TSOMPANIDIS ; Rama J. WAHAB ; Romy GAILLARD ; Ezra AYDIN ; Rosemary HOLT ; Carrie ALLISON ; Simon BARON-COHEN ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN ; Pauline W. JANSEN in Molecular Autism, 14 (2023)
PermalinkPermalinkLEGO® Based Therapy / Daniel B. LEGOFF
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