Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning / Kalina J. MICHALSKA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1276-1286 Titre : Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kalina J. MICHALSKA, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth MORONEY, Auteur ; Daniel S. LOWET, Auteur ; John M. HETTEMA, Auteur ; Roxann ROBERSON-NAY, Auteur ; Bruno B. AVERBECK, Auteur ; Melissa A. BROTMAN, Auteur ; Eric E. NELSON, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1276-1286 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye gaze  face processing  anxiety  conditioning  psychophysiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat-related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye-viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face-based fear conditioning task developed for use in children. Methods Participants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Results Conditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS? face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self-reported fear during acquisition. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms in children relate to face-viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kalina J. MICHALSKA, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth MORONEY, Auteur ; Daniel S. LOWET, Auteur ; John M. HETTEMA, Auteur ; Roxann ROBERSON-NAY, Auteur ; Bruno B. AVERBECK, Auteur ; Melissa A. BROTMAN, Auteur ; Eric E. NELSON, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur . - p.1276-1286. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1276-1286 Mots-clés : Eye gaze  face processing  anxiety  conditioning  psychophysiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat-related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye-viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face-based fear conditioning task developed for use in children. Methods Participants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Results Conditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS? face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self-reported fear during acquisition. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms in children relate to face-viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Brain response to viewing others being harmed in children with conduct disorder symptoms / Kalina J. MICHALSKA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.510-519 Titre : Brain response to viewing others being harmed in children with conduct disorder symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kalina J. MICHALSKA, Auteur ; Thomas A. ZEFFIRO, Auteur ; Jean DECETY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.510-519 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callousness  affective arousal  emotional empathy  insula  anterior cingulate cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deficient empathic processing is thought to foster conduct disorder (CD). It is important to determine the extent to which neural response associated with perceiving harm to others predicts CD symptoms and callous disregard for others. Methods A total of 107 9- to 11-year-old children (52 female) were recruited from pediatric and mental health clinics, representing a wide range of CD symptoms. Children were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing brief video clips of persons being harmed intentionally or accidentally. Results Perceiving harm evoked increased hemodynamic response in the anterior insula (aINS), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, periaqueductal gray (PAG), caudate, and inferior parietal lobe (IPL) across all participants. Intentionally caused, relative to unintentional harm was associated with greater activity in the aINS, amygdala, and temporal pole. There was an inverse association of number of CD symptoms with right posterior insula in both the Harm > No Harm and the Intentional > Unintentional Harm contrasts. Furthermore, an inverse association between callousness and posterior insula activation was found in the Harm > No Harm contrast, with the opposite pattern for reactive aggression scores. An interaction revealed a stronger association in girls between CD symptoms and the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) in the Intentional Harm versus Unintentional Harm contrast. Conclusions Children with greater CD and callousness exhibit dampened hemodynamic response to viewing others being harmed in the insula, a region which plays a key role in empathy and emotional awareness. Sex differences in the neural correlates of CD were observed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12474 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Brain response to viewing others being harmed in children with conduct disorder symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kalina J. MICHALSKA, Auteur ; Thomas A. ZEFFIRO, Auteur ; Jean DECETY, Auteur . - p.510-519. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.510-519 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callousness  affective arousal  emotional empathy  insula  anterior cingulate cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deficient empathic processing is thought to foster conduct disorder (CD). It is important to determine the extent to which neural response associated with perceiving harm to others predicts CD symptoms and callous disregard for others. Methods A total of 107 9- to 11-year-old children (52 female) were recruited from pediatric and mental health clinics, representing a wide range of CD symptoms. Children were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing brief video clips of persons being harmed intentionally or accidentally. Results Perceiving harm evoked increased hemodynamic response in the anterior insula (aINS), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, periaqueductal gray (PAG), caudate, and inferior parietal lobe (IPL) across all participants. Intentionally caused, relative to unintentional harm was associated with greater activity in the aINS, amygdala, and temporal pole. There was an inverse association of number of CD symptoms with right posterior insula in both the Harm > No Harm and the Intentional > Unintentional Harm contrasts. Furthermore, an inverse association between callousness and posterior insula activation was found in the Harm > No Harm contrast, with the opposite pattern for reactive aggression scores. An interaction revealed a stronger association in girls between CD symptoms and the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) in the Intentional Harm versus Unintentional Harm contrast. Conclusions Children with greater CD and callousness exhibit dampened hemodynamic response to viewing others being harmed in the insula, a region which plays a key role in empathy and emotional awareness. Sex differences in the neural correlates of CD were observed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12474 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

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