Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning / Kalina J. MICHALSKA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1276-1286 Titre : Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kalina J. MICHALSKA, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth MORONEY, Auteur ; Daniel S. LOWET, Auteur ; John M. HETTEMA, Auteur ; Roxann ROBERSON-NAY, Auteur ; Bruno B. AVERBECK, Auteur ; Melissa A. BROTMAN, Auteur ; Eric E. NELSON, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1276-1286 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye gaze  face processing  anxiety  conditioning  psychophysiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat-related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye-viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face-based fear conditioning task developed for use in children. Methods Participants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Results Conditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS? face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self-reported fear during acquisition. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms in children relate to face-viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kalina J. MICHALSKA, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth MORONEY, Auteur ; Daniel S. LOWET, Auteur ; John M. HETTEMA, Auteur ; Roxann ROBERSON-NAY, Auteur ; Bruno B. AVERBECK, Auteur ; Melissa A. BROTMAN, Auteur ; Eric E. NELSON, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur . - p.1276-1286. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1276-1286 Mots-clés : Eye gaze  face processing  anxiety  conditioning  psychophysiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat-related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye-viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face-based fear conditioning task developed for use in children. Methods Participants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Results Conditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS? face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self-reported fear during acquisition. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms in children relate to face-viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Deprivation and psychopathology in the Fragile Families Study: A 15-year longitudinal investigation / Adam Bryant MILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-4 (April 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-4 (April 2021) . - p.382-391 Titre : Deprivation and psychopathology in the Fragile Families Study: A 15-year longitudinal investigation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adam Bryant MILLER, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.382-391 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Deprivation  adversity  externalizing psychopathology  internalizing psychopathology  language  threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Early adversity consistently predicts youth psychopathology. However, the pathways linking unique dimensions of early adversity, such as deprivation, to psychopathology are understudied. Here, we evaluate a theoretical model linking early deprivation exposure with psychopathology prospectively through language ability. METHODS: Participants included 2,301 youth (47.5% female) enrolled in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We include data from assessment points at ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15. Latent factors for deprivation and threat were modeled from multiple indicators at ages 1 and 3. Youth language ability was assessed at Age 5. Indicators of psychopathology were assessed at ages 5, 9, and 15. A structural equation model tested longitudinal paths to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology from experiences of deprivation and threat. RESULTS: Deprivation from birth to Age 3 was associated with an indirect effect on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early childhood (Age 5), later childhood (Age 9), and adolescence (Age 15) via language ability in early childhood (Age 5). Early threat exposure was associated with increased internalizing and externalizing psychopathology across all ages. There was no significant indirect effect from threat to psychopathology via language ability. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of deprivation on psychopathology during early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence are explained, in part, through early childhood language ability. Results provide insight into language ability as a possible opportunity for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13260 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445 [article] Deprivation and psychopathology in the Fragile Families Study: A 15-year longitudinal investigation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adam Bryant MILLER, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Katie A. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur . - p.382-391. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-4 (April 2021) . - p.382-391 Mots-clés : Deprivation  adversity  externalizing psychopathology  internalizing psychopathology  language  threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Early adversity consistently predicts youth psychopathology. However, the pathways linking unique dimensions of early adversity, such as deprivation, to psychopathology are understudied. Here, we evaluate a theoretical model linking early deprivation exposure with psychopathology prospectively through language ability. METHODS: Participants included 2,301 youth (47.5% female) enrolled in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We include data from assessment points at ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15. Latent factors for deprivation and threat were modeled from multiple indicators at ages 1 and 3. Youth language ability was assessed at Age 5. Indicators of psychopathology were assessed at ages 5, 9, and 15. A structural equation model tested longitudinal paths to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology from experiences of deprivation and threat. RESULTS: Deprivation from birth to Age 3 was associated with an indirect effect on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early childhood (Age 5), later childhood (Age 9), and adolescence (Age 15) via language ability in early childhood (Age 5). Early threat exposure was associated with increased internalizing and externalizing psychopathology across all ages. There was no significant indirect effect from threat to psychopathology via language ability. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of deprivation on psychopathology during early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence are explained, in part, through early childhood language ability. Results provide insight into language ability as a possible opportunity for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13260 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445

Early adversity and children's emotion regulation: Differential roles of parent emotion regulation and adversity exposure / Helen M. MILOJEVICH in Development and Psychopathology, 32-5 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 32-5 (December 2020) . - p.1788-1798 Titre : Early adversity and children's emotion regulation: Differential roles of parent emotion regulation and adversity exposure Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Helen M. MILOJEVICH, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1788-1798 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Child, Preschool  *Emotional Regulation  Emotions  Family  Humans  Parents  *Socialization  *dmap  *abuse  *early adversity  *emotion regulation  *neglect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased rates of psychopathology and poor physical health. The present study builds on foundational work by Megan Gunnar identifying how ELA results in poor long-term outcomes through alterations in the stress response system, leading to major disruptions in emotional and behavioral regulation. Specifically, the present study tested the direct effects of ELA against the role of parent socialization to shed light on the mechanisms by which ELA leads to emotion regulation deficits. Children ages 4-7 years (N = 64) completed interviews about their experiences of deprivation and threat, a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, and an IQ test. Parents of the children completed questionnaires regarding their own emotion regulation difficulties and psychopathology, their children's emotion regulation, and child exposure to adversity. At the bivariate level, greater exposure to threat and parental difficulties with emotion regulation were associated with poorer emotion regulation in children, assessed both via parental report and physiologically. In models where parental difficulties with emotion regulation, threat, and deprivation were introduced simultaneously, regression results indicated that parental difficulties with emotion regulation, but not deprivation or threat, continued to predict children's emotion regulation abilities. These results suggest that parental socialization of emotion is a robust predictor of emotion regulation tendencies in children exposed to early adversity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001273 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 [article] Early adversity and children's emotion regulation: Differential roles of parent emotion regulation and adversity exposure [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Helen M. MILOJEVICH, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Margaret A. SHERIDAN, Auteur . - p.1788-1798. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 32-5 (December 2020) . - p.1788-1798 Mots-clés : Child  Child, Preschool  *Emotional Regulation  Emotions  Family  Humans  Parents  *Socialization  *dmap  *abuse  *early adversity  *emotion regulation  *neglect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased rates of psychopathology and poor physical health. The present study builds on foundational work by Megan Gunnar identifying how ELA results in poor long-term outcomes through alterations in the stress response system, leading to major disruptions in emotional and behavioral regulation. Specifically, the present study tested the direct effects of ELA against the role of parent socialization to shed light on the mechanisms by which ELA leads to emotion regulation deficits. Children ages 4-7 years (N = 64) completed interviews about their experiences of deprivation and threat, a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, and an IQ test. Parents of the children completed questionnaires regarding their own emotion regulation difficulties and psychopathology, their children's emotion regulation, and child exposure to adversity. At the bivariate level, greater exposure to threat and parental difficulties with emotion regulation were associated with poorer emotion regulation in children, assessed both via parental report and physiologically. In models where parental difficulties with emotion regulation, threat, and deprivation were introduced simultaneously, regression results indicated that parental difficulties with emotion regulation, but not deprivation or threat, continued to predict children's emotion regulation abilities. These results suggest that parental socialization of emotion is a robust predictor of emotion regulation tendencies in children exposed to early adversity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001273 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437

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