3 recherche sur le mot-clé 'explicit attitudes'

Factors underlying differences in knowledge, explicit stigma and implicit biases towards autism across Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States / Yulin CHENG in Autism, 29-4 (April 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-4 (April 2025) . - p.868-883 Titre : Factors underlying differences in knowledge, explicit stigma and implicit biases towards autism across Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yulin CHENG, Auteur ; Patrick DWYER, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.868-883 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  collectivism  cross-cultural  culture  environmental factors  explicit attitudes  implicit biases  individualism  knowledge  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing literature suggests that there is cross-cultural variation in levels of autism-related stigma, which may partially be explained by differences in cultural orientation or autism-related knowledge between countries. This literature has relied heavily on self-report measures of explicit attitudes towards autism; little research has examined implicit biases, and whether these implicit biases vary across cultures. Thus, here we had two aims: (1) to assess the contribution of knowledge and cultural orientation to both explicit stigma and implicit biases, and (2) to compare autism-related knowledge, explicit stigma, and implicit biases across university students in Hong Kong (n = 119), the United Kingdom (n = 120), and the United States (n = 122). Replicating prior work, we found that explicit stigma was predicted by less accurate knowledge, lower horizontal collectivism, greater vertical individualism, and higher implicit biases. Implicit biases were directly predicted by age and explicit stigma, and indirectly predicted by vertical individualism (positively) and horizontal collectivism (negatively) via explicit stigma. Knowledge and explicit stigma differed across countries, even after accounting for covariates: students in Hong Kong displayed less accurate knowledge, and higher explicit stigma towards autism, than those in the United Kingdom and United States. However, implicit biases did not differ between countries.Lay abstract Attitudes towards autism vary across countries. Some of this variation could reflect differences in cultural values across countries, or differences in how much people know about autism. Until now, most research on this topic has asked people directly about their attitudes towards interacting with autistic people. As a result, we understand little about why some people unconsciously hold negative attitudes towards autism, and whether these unconscious attitudes vary across countries. We studied explicit attitudes (willingness to interact), implicit attitudes (unconscious beliefs), knowledge about autism, and cultural values in university students from Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States. We found that people were less willing to interact with autistic people if they knew less about autism, aligned with a competitive and hierarchical society ('vertical individualism'), did not see themselves as part of a collective whose members are equal (less 'horizontal collectivism'), and if they unconcsciously associated autism with negative attributes. Students in Hong Kong were less willing to interact with autistic people and had less understanding of autism compared to those in the United Kingdom and the United States. Unconscious biases did not differ across countries. Our findings highlight the need to combat misconceptions about autism to improve attitudes towards autistic people, especially in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, our results suggest that acquiring more accurate knowledge may not be sufficient to alter unconscious biases. Further research is needed to determine the factors underlying unconscious biases. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=552 [article] Factors underlying differences in knowledge, explicit stigma and implicit biases towards autism across Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States [texte imprimé] / Yulin CHENG, Auteur ; Patrick DWYER, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur . - p.868-883. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-4 (April 2025) . - p.868-883 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  collectivism  cross-cultural  culture  environmental factors  explicit attitudes  implicit biases  individualism  knowledge  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing literature suggests that there is cross-cultural variation in levels of autism-related stigma, which may partially be explained by differences in cultural orientation or autism-related knowledge between countries. This literature has relied heavily on self-report measures of explicit attitudes towards autism; little research has examined implicit biases, and whether these implicit biases vary across cultures. Thus, here we had two aims: (1) to assess the contribution of knowledge and cultural orientation to both explicit stigma and implicit biases, and (2) to compare autism-related knowledge, explicit stigma, and implicit biases across university students in Hong Kong (n = 119), the United Kingdom (n = 120), and the United States (n = 122). Replicating prior work, we found that explicit stigma was predicted by less accurate knowledge, lower horizontal collectivism, greater vertical individualism, and higher implicit biases. Implicit biases were directly predicted by age and explicit stigma, and indirectly predicted by vertical individualism (positively) and horizontal collectivism (negatively) via explicit stigma. Knowledge and explicit stigma differed across countries, even after accounting for covariates: students in Hong Kong displayed less accurate knowledge, and higher explicit stigma towards autism, than those in the United Kingdom and United States. However, implicit biases did not differ between countries.Lay abstract Attitudes towards autism vary across countries. Some of this variation could reflect differences in cultural values across countries, or differences in how much people know about autism. Until now, most research on this topic has asked people directly about their attitudes towards interacting with autistic people. As a result, we understand little about why some people unconsciously hold negative attitudes towards autism, and whether these unconscious attitudes vary across countries. We studied explicit attitudes (willingness to interact), implicit attitudes (unconscious beliefs), knowledge about autism, and cultural values in university students from Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States. We found that people were less willing to interact with autistic people if they knew less about autism, aligned with a competitive and hierarchical society ('vertical individualism'), did not see themselves as part of a collective whose members are equal (less 'horizontal collectivism'), and if they unconcsciously associated autism with negative attributes. Students in Hong Kong were less willing to interact with autistic people and had less understanding of autism compared to those in the United Kingdom and the United States. Unconscious biases did not differ across countries. Our findings highlight the need to combat misconceptions about autism to improve attitudes towards autistic people, especially in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, our results suggest that acquiring more accurate knowledge may not be sufficient to alter unconscious biases. Further research is needed to determine the factors underlying unconscious biases. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=552

Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire / Cyrielle DERGUY in Autism, 25-6 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1666-1681 Titre : Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cyrielle DERGUY, Auteur ; Benoite AUBE, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur ; Federica MAROTTA, Auteur ; Déborah LOYAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1666-1681 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Attitude  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Schools  Surveys and Questionnaires  explicit attitudes  public stigma  scale validation  school inclusion  school-age children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has shown that negative attitudes toward a different child can appear very early in development. Unfortunately, these negative attitudes are one of the most important barriers to the school inclusion of children with autism. Despite the increasing amount of research, no tool reliably measures these attitudes among young students. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire) to evaluate attitudes of students in elementary school toward their peers with autism. Elementary school students (N = 204) completed the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire and two other scales assessing behavioral intentions toward peers with a mental disability (Shared Activities Questionnaire-B) and familiarity with disability and autism. Results first showed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire reliably measured the concept of attitude through three sub-dimensions (namely, the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions). Second, analyses confirmed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire corresponds with previous knowledge on this topic, namely, that attitudes were more positive in girls, older children, and children familiar with disability. In conclusion, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire is the first scale (1) to assess all the dimensions of attitudes toward autism among elementary school children (from the age of 6 years old) and (2) to show theoretical and statistical relevance. From now on, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire can be used to assess attitudes of young children toward their peers with autism. This is an important step forward, in particular for evaluating the effects of anti-stigma programs that are increasingly implemented in schools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211000163 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire [texte imprimé] / Cyrielle DERGUY, Auteur ; Benoite AUBE, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur ; Federica MAROTTA, Auteur ; Déborah LOYAL, Auteur . - p.1666-1681. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1666-1681 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Attitude  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Schools  Surveys and Questionnaires  explicit attitudes  public stigma  scale validation  school inclusion  school-age children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has shown that negative attitudes toward a different child can appear very early in development. Unfortunately, these negative attitudes are one of the most important barriers to the school inclusion of children with autism. Despite the increasing amount of research, no tool reliably measures these attitudes among young students. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire) to evaluate attitudes of students in elementary school toward their peers with autism. Elementary school students (N = 204) completed the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire and two other scales assessing behavioral intentions toward peers with a mental disability (Shared Activities Questionnaire-B) and familiarity with disability and autism. Results first showed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire reliably measured the concept of attitude through three sub-dimensions (namely, the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions). Second, analyses confirmed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire corresponds with previous knowledge on this topic, namely, that attitudes were more positive in girls, older children, and children familiar with disability. In conclusion, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire is the first scale (1) to assess all the dimensions of attitudes toward autism among elementary school children (from the age of 6 years old) and (2) to show theoretical and statistical relevance. From now on, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire can be used to assess attitudes of young children toward their peers with autism. This is an important step forward, in particular for evaluating the effects of anti-stigma programs that are increasingly implemented in schools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211000163 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire / Cyrielle DERGUY in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1666-1681 Titre : Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cyrielle DERGUY, Auteur ; Benoite AUBE, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur ; Federica MAROTTA, Auteur ; Déborah LOYAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1666-1681 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Attitude  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Schools  Surveys and Questionnaires  explicit attitudes  public stigma  scale validation  school inclusion  school-age children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has shown that negative attitudes toward a different child can appear very early in development. Unfortunately, these negative attitudes are one of the most important barriers to the school inclusion of children with autism. Despite the increasing amount of research, no tool reliably measures these attitudes among young students. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire) to evaluate attitudes of students in elementary school toward their peers with autism. Elementary school students (N = 204) completed the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire and two other scales assessing behavioral intentions toward peers with a mental disability (Shared Activities Questionnaire-B) and familiarity with disability and autism. Results first showed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire reliably measured the concept of attitude through three sub-dimensions (namely, the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions). Second, analyses confirmed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire corresponds with previous knowledge on this topic, namely, that attitudes were more positive in girls, older children, and children familiar with disability. In conclusion, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire is the first scale (1) to assess all the dimensions of attitudes toward autism among elementary school children (from the age of 6years old) and (2) to show theoretical and statistical relevance. From now on, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire can be used to assess attitudes of young children toward their peers with autism. This is an important step forward, in particular for evaluating the effects of anti-stigma programs that are increasingly implemented in schools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211000163 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=484 [article] Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire [texte imprimé] / Cyrielle DERGUY, Auteur ; Benoite AUBE, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur ; Federica MAROTTA, Auteur ; Déborah LOYAL, Auteur . - p.1666-1681. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1666-1681 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Attitude  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Schools  Surveys and Questionnaires  explicit attitudes  public stigma  scale validation  school inclusion  school-age children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has shown that negative attitudes toward a different child can appear very early in development. Unfortunately, these negative attitudes are one of the most important barriers to the school inclusion of children with autism. Despite the increasing amount of research, no tool reliably measures these attitudes among young students. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire) to evaluate attitudes of students in elementary school toward their peers with autism. Elementary school students (N = 204) completed the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire and two other scales assessing behavioral intentions toward peers with a mental disability (Shared Activities Questionnaire-B) and familiarity with disability and autism. Results first showed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire reliably measured the concept of attitude through three sub-dimensions (namely, the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions). Second, analyses confirmed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire corresponds with previous knowledge on this topic, namely, that attitudes were more positive in girls, older children, and children familiar with disability. In conclusion, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire is the first scale (1) to assess all the dimensions of attitudes toward autism among elementary school children (from the age of 6years old) and (2) to show theoretical and statistical relevance. From now on, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire can be used to assess attitudes of young children toward their peers with autism. This is an important step forward, in particular for evaluating the effects of anti-stigma programs that are increasingly implemented in schools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211000163 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=484