Dépouillements

Editorial: Developmental foundations of mental health and disorder – moving beyond ‘Towards…’ / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.529-531 Titre : Editorial: Developmental foundations of mental health and disorder – moving beyond ‘Towards…’ Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.529-531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental perspectives  childhood mental health disorder models  causal mechanisms  environment  neurodevelopmental pathways  longitudinal design  fMRI  health economics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) dedicates one whole issue a year to broad-based authoritative reviews by leading authorities on hot topics in the field of child psychology and psychiatry. Widely regarded as a ‘go to’ resource these Annual Research Reviews (ARRs), constitute the JCPP's flagship issue of that year. The editors have carefully selected the eight reviews in this ARR 2014 issue to be especially timely and significant and then identified key figures who we believed could prepare for our readers definitive ‘state of the science’ reviews on each topic. In reading the articles once again in order to prepare this Editorial I am struck by the way these diverse articles are united by a recognition of the central importance of developmental perspectives for the science of childhood mental health and disorder. In fact more generally the need for thoroughgoing developmental approaches appears so widely acknowledged that it is regarded by many as a self-evident truth. The articles in this ARR both articulate the importance of this direction of travel wonderfully well and remind us how much farther we have to go to achieve this vision. Their message is that while the conceptual, theoretical, methodological and logistical challenges remain substantial, the limitations of non-developmental approaches, evident in practically every disorder-related sub-domain of our discipline, leave no viable alternative if we are serious about really understanding the factors that shape mental health and disorder across the lifespan. I have extracted four specific lessons that seem especially important in this regard. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Editorial: Developmental foundations of mental health and disorder – moving beyond ‘Towards…’ [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.529-531. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.529-531 Mots-clés : Developmental perspectives  childhood mental health disorder models  causal mechanisms  environment  neurodevelopmental pathways  longitudinal design  fMRI  health economics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) dedicates one whole issue a year to broad-based authoritative reviews by leading authorities on hot topics in the field of child psychology and psychiatry. Widely regarded as a ‘go to’ resource these Annual Research Reviews (ARRs), constitute the JCPP's flagship issue of that year. The editors have carefully selected the eight reviews in this ARR 2014 issue to be especially timely and significant and then identified key figures who we believed could prepare for our readers definitive ‘state of the science’ reviews on each topic. In reading the articles once again in order to prepare this Editorial I am struck by the way these diverse articles are united by a recognition of the central importance of developmental perspectives for the science of childhood mental health and disorder. In fact more generally the need for thoroughgoing developmental approaches appears so widely acknowledged that it is regarded by many as a self-evident truth. The articles in this ARR both articulate the importance of this direction of travel wonderfully well and remind us how much farther we have to go to achieve this vision. Their message is that while the conceptual, theoretical, methodological and logistical challenges remain substantial, the limitations of non-developmental approaches, evident in practically every disorder-related sub-domain of our discipline, leave no viable alternative if we are serious about really understanding the factors that shape mental health and disorder across the lifespan. I have extracted four specific lessons that seem especially important in this regard. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Annual Research Review: A developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous-unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems / Paul J. FRICK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.532-548 Titre : Annual Research Review: A developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous-unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; James V. RAY, Auteur ; Laura C. THORNTON, Auteur ; Rachel E. KAHN, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.532-548 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional traits  developmental psychopathology  conscience  empathy  guilt  stability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent research has suggested that the presence of significant levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits designates a clinically important and etiologically distinct subgroup of children and adolescents with serious conduct problems. Based on this research, CU traits have been included in the most recent revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5th Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) – as a specifier for the diagnosis of conduct disorder. In this review, we attempt to understand CU traits within a developmental psychopathological framework. Specifically, we summarize research on the normal development of the prosocial emotions of empathy and guilt (i.e., conscience) and we illustrate how the development of CU traits can be viewed as the normal development of conscience gone awry. Furthermore, we review research on the stability of CU traits across different developmental periods and highlight factors that can influence this stability. Finally, we highlight the implications of this developmental psychopathological framework for future etiological research, for assessment and diagnostic classification, and for treatment of children with serious conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12152 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Annual Research Review: A developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous-unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; James V. RAY, Auteur ; Laura C. THORNTON, Auteur ; Rachel E. KAHN, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.532-548. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.532-548 Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional traits  developmental psychopathology  conscience  empathy  guilt  stability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent research has suggested that the presence of significant levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits designates a clinically important and etiologically distinct subgroup of children and adolescents with serious conduct problems. Based on this research, CU traits have been included in the most recent revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5th Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) – as a specifier for the diagnosis of conduct disorder. In this review, we attempt to understand CU traits within a developmental psychopathological framework. Specifically, we summarize research on the normal development of the prosocial emotions of empathy and guilt (i.e., conscience) and we illustrate how the development of CU traits can be viewed as the normal development of conscience gone awry. Furthermore, we review research on the stability of CU traits across different developmental periods and highlight factors that can influence this stability. Finally, we highlight the implications of this developmental psychopathological framework for future etiological research, for assessment and diagnostic classification, and for treatment of children with serious conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12152 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Commentary: Integrating callous and unemotional traits into the definition of antisocial behaviour – a commentary on Frick et al. (2014) / Richard ROWE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.549-552 Titre : Commentary: Integrating callous and unemotional traits into the definition of antisocial behaviour – a commentary on Frick et al. (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard ROWE, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.549-552 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Antisocial behaviour  callous-unemotional traits  heterogeneity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Heterogeneity in the presentation, antecedents, prognosis and treatment response of antisocial behaviour has long provided a challenge to developmental psychopathology researchers. As illustrated in the incisive Frick and colleagues' Annual Research Review, there is growing evidence that the presence of high callous-unemotional (CU) traits identifies a subgroup of antisocial young people with a particularly aggressive and pervasive form of disorder. Frick and colleagues extend their developmental psychopathology approach to CU traits by linking in theories of conscience development and considering evidence on the stability of CU traits. This commentary addresses these themes and the area more generally, considering (1) comparison of a CU specifier to alternative approaches to antisocial heterogeneity (2) high CU traits in the absence of antisocial behaviour and (3) aspects of the measurement of CU traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12253 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Commentary: Integrating callous and unemotional traits into the definition of antisocial behaviour – a commentary on Frick et al. (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard ROWE, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.549-552. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.549-552 Mots-clés : Antisocial behaviour  callous-unemotional traits  heterogeneity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Heterogeneity in the presentation, antecedents, prognosis and treatment response of antisocial behaviour has long provided a challenge to developmental psychopathology researchers. As illustrated in the incisive Frick and colleagues' Annual Research Review, there is growing evidence that the presence of high callous-unemotional (CU) traits identifies a subgroup of antisocial young people with a particularly aggressive and pervasive form of disorder. Frick and colleagues extend their developmental psychopathology approach to CU traits by linking in theories of conscience development and considering evidence on the stability of CU traits. This commentary addresses these themes and the area more generally, considering (1) comparison of a CU specifier to alternative approaches to antisocial heterogeneity (2) high CU traits in the absence of antisocial behaviour and (3) aspects of the measurement of CU traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12253 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Annual Research Review: Towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition / Francesca HAPPE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.553-577 Titre : Annual Research Review: Towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Uta FRITH, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.553-577 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social cognition  autism spectrum disorders  theory of mind  empathy  brain development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract As a starting point for our review we use a developmental timeline, starting from birth and divided into major developmental epochs defined by key milestones of social cognition in typical development. For each epoch, we highlight those developmental disorders that diverge from the normal developmental pattern, what is known about these key milestones in the major disorders affecting social cognition, and any available research on the neural basis of these differences. We relate behavioural observations to four major networks of the social brain, that is, Amygdala, Mentalizing, Emotion and Mirror networks. We focus on those developmental disorders that are characterized primarily by social atypicality, such as autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety and a variety of genetically defined syndromes. The processes and aspects of social cognition we highlight are sketched in a putative network diagram, and include: agent identification, emotion processing and empathy, mental state attribution, self-processing and social hierarchy mapping involving social ‘policing’ and in-group/out-group categorization. Developmental disorders reveal some dissociable deficits in different components of this map of social cognition. This broad review across disorders, ages and aspects of social cognition leads us to some key questions: How can we best distinguish primary from secondary social disorders? Is social cognition especially vulnerable to developmental disorder, or surprisingly robust? Are cascading notions of social development, in which early functions are essential stepping stones or building bricks for later abilities, necessarily correct? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: Towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Uta FRITH, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.553-577. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.553-577 Mots-clés : Social cognition  autism spectrum disorders  theory of mind  empathy  brain development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract As a starting point for our review we use a developmental timeline, starting from birth and divided into major developmental epochs defined by key milestones of social cognition in typical development. For each epoch, we highlight those developmental disorders that diverge from the normal developmental pattern, what is known about these key milestones in the major disorders affecting social cognition, and any available research on the neural basis of these differences. We relate behavioural observations to four major networks of the social brain, that is, Amygdala, Mentalizing, Emotion and Mirror networks. We focus on those developmental disorders that are characterized primarily by social atypicality, such as autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety and a variety of genetically defined syndromes. The processes and aspects of social cognition we highlight are sketched in a putative network diagram, and include: agent identification, emotion processing and empathy, mental state attribution, self-processing and social hierarchy mapping involving social ‘policing’ and in-group/out-group categorization. Developmental disorders reveal some dissociable deficits in different components of this map of social cognition. This broad review across disorders, ages and aspects of social cognition leads us to some key questions: How can we best distinguish primary from secondary social disorders? Is social cognition especially vulnerable to developmental disorder, or surprisingly robust? Are cascading notions of social development, in which early functions are essential stepping stones or building bricks for later abilities, necessarily correct? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Commentary: Becoming social – a commentary on Happé Frith (2014) / Charles A. NELSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.578-581 Titre : Commentary: Becoming social – a commentary on Happé Frith (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charles A. NELSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.578-581 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental neuroscience  social cognition  social development  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The field of developmental cognitive neuroscience is now established as a discipline at the nexus of the broader fields of developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Sitting in its rear view mirror, but gaining rapidly, is the nascent discipline of developmental social neuroscience. Given the relative youth of this field, it is not surprising that a great deal of energy has gone into generating a rich corpus of empirical data. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12254 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Commentary: Becoming social – a commentary on Happé Frith (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charles A. NELSON, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.578-581. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.578-581 Mots-clés : Developmental neuroscience  social cognition  social development  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The field of developmental cognitive neuroscience is now established as a discipline at the nexus of the broader fields of developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Sitting in its rear view mirror, but gaining rapidly, is the nascent discipline of developmental social neuroscience. Given the relative youth of this field, it is not surprising that a great deal of energy has gone into generating a rich corpus of empirical data. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12254 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Annual Research Review: The neurobehavioral development of multiple memory systems – implications for childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders / Jarid GOODMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.582-610 Titre : Annual Research Review: The neurobehavioral development of multiple memory systems – implications for childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jarid GOODMAN, Auteur ; Rachel MARSH, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur ; Mark G. PACKARD, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.582-610 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Learning  memory  neuropsychiatry  psychopathologies  hippocampus  striatum  basal ganglia  anxiety  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Extensive evidence indicates that mammalian memory is organized into multiple brains systems, including a ‘cognitive’ memory system that depends on the hippocampus and a stimulus-response ‘habit’ memory system that depends on the dorsolateral striatum. Dorsal striatal-dependent habit memory may in part influence the development and expression of some human psychopathologies, particularly those characterized by strong habit-like behavioral features. The present review considers this hypothesis as it pertains to psychopathologies that typically emerge during childhood and adolescence. These disorders include Tourette syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Human and nonhuman animal research shows that the typical development of memory systems comprises the early maturation of striatal-dependent habit memory and the relatively late maturation of hippocampal-dependent cognitive memory. We speculate that the differing rates of development of these memory systems may in part contribute to the early emergence of habit-like symptoms in childhood and adolescence. In addition, abnormalities in hippocampal and striatal brain regions have been observed consistently in youth with these disorders, suggesting that the aberrant development of memory systems may also contribute to the emergence of habit-like symptoms as core pathological features of these illnesses. Considering these disorders within the context of multiple memory systems may help elucidate the pathogenesis of habit-like symptoms in childhood and adolescence, and lead to novel treatments that lessen the habit-like behavioral features of these disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12169 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: The neurobehavioral development of multiple memory systems – implications for childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jarid GOODMAN, Auteur ; Rachel MARSH, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur ; Mark G. PACKARD, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.582-610. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.582-610 Mots-clés : Learning  memory  neuropsychiatry  psychopathologies  hippocampus  striatum  basal ganglia  anxiety  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Extensive evidence indicates that mammalian memory is organized into multiple brains systems, including a ‘cognitive’ memory system that depends on the hippocampus and a stimulus-response ‘habit’ memory system that depends on the dorsolateral striatum. Dorsal striatal-dependent habit memory may in part influence the development and expression of some human psychopathologies, particularly those characterized by strong habit-like behavioral features. The present review considers this hypothesis as it pertains to psychopathologies that typically emerge during childhood and adolescence. These disorders include Tourette syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Human and nonhuman animal research shows that the typical development of memory systems comprises the early maturation of striatal-dependent habit memory and the relatively late maturation of hippocampal-dependent cognitive memory. We speculate that the differing rates of development of these memory systems may in part contribute to the early emergence of habit-like symptoms in childhood and adolescence. In addition, abnormalities in hippocampal and striatal brain regions have been observed consistently in youth with these disorders, suggesting that the aberrant development of memory systems may also contribute to the emergence of habit-like symptoms as core pathological features of these illnesses. Considering these disorders within the context of multiple memory systems may help elucidate the pathogenesis of habit-like symptoms in childhood and adolescence, and lead to novel treatments that lessen the habit-like behavioral features of these disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12169 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Commentary: Are ADHD symptoms habit-like? – a commentary on Goodman et al (2014) / Rosemary TANNOCK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.611-614 Titre : Commentary: Are ADHD symptoms habit-like? – a commentary on Goodman et al (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rosemary TANNOCK, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.611-614 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Multiple memory systems framework  habit learning and memory  neurobehavioral mechanisms  neurodevelopmental disorders  ADHD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The recent publication of the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) unleashed a torrent of dissatisfaction with and criticism of the ongoing use of a symptom-based classification system, based on descriptive phenotypical features. Thus, the ‘multiple memory systems’ framework proposed in the accompanying Annual Research Review by Goodman et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 2014, XX) as a potential explanatory mechanism underlying several psychiatric disorders, is innovative and consistent with an emergent focus on transdiagnostic core mechanisms. In this commentary, I discuss the ‘merit and mire’ of the proposed framework, focusing on its potential for delineating neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, with particular emphasis on one of the neurodevelopmental disorders, ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12258 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Commentary: Are ADHD symptoms habit-like? – a commentary on Goodman et al (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rosemary TANNOCK, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.611-614. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.611-614 Mots-clés : Multiple memory systems framework  habit learning and memory  neurobehavioral mechanisms  neurodevelopmental disorders  ADHD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The recent publication of the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) unleashed a torrent of dissatisfaction with and criticism of the ongoing use of a symptom-based classification system, based on descriptive phenotypical features. Thus, the ‘multiple memory systems’ framework proposed in the accompanying Annual Research Review by Goodman et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 2014, XX) as a potential explanatory mechanism underlying several psychiatric disorders, is innovative and consistent with an emergent focus on transdiagnostic core mechanisms. In this commentary, I discuss the ‘merit and mire’ of the proposed framework, focusing on its potential for delineating neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, with particular emphasis on one of the neurodevelopmental disorders, ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12258 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Annual Research Review: The neuroinflammation hypothesis for stress and psychopathology in children – developmental psychoneuroimmunology / Thomas G. O'CONNOR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.615-631 Titre : Annual Research Review: The neuroinflammation hypothesis for stress and psychopathology in children – developmental psychoneuroimmunology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Jan A. MOYNIHAN, Auteur ; Mary T. CASERTA, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.615-631 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Immunology  psychoneuroimmunology  neuroinflammation  stress  developmental psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Experimental animal and adult human data suggest that stress exposure is associated with alterations in immune system function that may underlie increased susceptibility to disease and behavioral disorders. The implications of these data for child psychology and psychiatry are not yet clear. The current review seeks to distil and translate the relevant animal and adult human work to children to advance a developmental model of psychoneuroimmunology. In addition to reviewing key specific findings, we consider biological/conceptual models and technical aspects of psychoneuroimmunology work in pediatric populations, and outline the rationales and advantages of integrating hypotheses concerning neuroinflammation in developmental studies of psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12187 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: The neuroinflammation hypothesis for stress and psychopathology in children – developmental psychoneuroimmunology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Jan A. MOYNIHAN, Auteur ; Mary T. CASERTA, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.615-631. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.615-631 Mots-clés : Immunology  psychoneuroimmunology  neuroinflammation  stress  developmental psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Experimental animal and adult human data suggest that stress exposure is associated with alterations in immune system function that may underlie increased susceptibility to disease and behavioral disorders. The implications of these data for child psychology and psychiatry are not yet clear. The current review seeks to distil and translate the relevant animal and adult human work to children to advance a developmental model of psychoneuroimmunology. In addition to reviewing key specific findings, we consider biological/conceptual models and technical aspects of psychoneuroimmunology work in pediatric populations, and outline the rationales and advantages of integrating hypotheses concerning neuroinflammation in developmental studies of psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12187 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Commentary: What does immunology have to do with brain development and psychopathology? – a commentary on O'Connor et al. (2014) / James F. LECKMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.632-634 Titre : Commentary: What does immunology have to do with brain development and psychopathology? – a commentary on O'Connor et al. (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : James F. LECKMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.632-634 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Brain development  developmental psychoneuroimmunology  immune epigenetics  stress  resilience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the past, we have typically regarded the ‘immune system’ as a complex set of cellular and molecular processes that protect us against pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms. It is now clear that the cellular and molecular processes that make up our ‘immune system’ are also crucial to normal brain development and play a role in the pathoaetiology of many mental and physical disorders. In their Annual Research Review, O'Connor, Moynihan and Caserta (2014) provide a useful introduction to this emerging area of science that is highly relevant to our field and is a natural outgrowth of their earlier and ongoing work in psychoneuroimmunology. However, their review goes well beyond these seminal findings. While work in developmental psychoneuroimmunology engenders a good deal of excitement among academic researchers, the ‘promise’ of the field clearly remains greater than the ‘deliverables’, in terms of any direct effect on patient care. This commentary looks at the implication of these findings for clinical practice and where future research efforts should be expended. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12259 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Commentary: What does immunology have to do with brain development and psychopathology? – a commentary on O'Connor et al. (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / James F. LECKMAN, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.632-634. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.632-634 Mots-clés : Brain development  developmental psychoneuroimmunology  immune epigenetics  stress  resilience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the past, we have typically regarded the ‘immune system’ as a complex set of cellular and molecular processes that protect us against pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms. It is now clear that the cellular and molecular processes that make up our ‘immune system’ are also crucial to normal brain development and play a role in the pathoaetiology of many mental and physical disorders. In their Annual Research Review, O'Connor, Moynihan and Caserta (2014) provide a useful introduction to this emerging area of science that is highly relevant to our field and is a natural outgrowth of their earlier and ongoing work in psychoneuroimmunology. However, their review goes well beyond these seminal findings. While work in developmental psychoneuroimmunology engenders a good deal of excitement among academic researchers, the ‘promise’ of the field clearly remains greater than the ‘deliverables’, in terms of any direct effect on patient care. This commentary looks at the implication of these findings for clinical practice and where future research efforts should be expended. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12259 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Annual Research Review: Harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: the nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age / Sonia LIVINGSTONE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.635-654 Titre : Annual Research Review: Harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: the nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sonia LIVINGSTONE, Auteur ; Peter K. SMITH, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.635-654 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cyberbullying  cyber-aggression  risk factors  child harm protection  sexual messaging and pornography  internet  online and mobile technologies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aims and scope The usage of mobile phones and the internet by young people has increased rapidly in the past decade, approaching saturation by middle childhood in developed countries. Besides many benefits, online content, contact or conduct can be associated with risk of harm; most research has examined whether aggressive or sexual harms result from this. We examine the nature and prevalence of such risks, and evaluate the evidence regarding the factors that increase or protect against harm resulting from such risks, so as to inform the academic and practitioner knowledge base. We also identify the conceptual and methodological challenges encountered in this relatively new body of research, and highlight the pressing research gaps. Methods Given the pace of change in the market for communication technologies, we review research published since 2008. Following a thorough bibliographic search of literature from the key disciplines (psychology, sociology, education, media studies and computing sciences), the review concentrates on recent, high quality empirical studies, contextualizing these within an overview of the field. Findings Risks of cyberbullying, contact with strangers, sexual messaging (‘sexting’) and pornography generally affect fewer than one in five adolescents. Prevalence estimates vary according to definition and measurement, but do not appear to be rising substantially with increasing access to mobile and online technologies, possibly because these technologies pose no additional risk to offline behaviour, or because any risks are offset by a commensurate growth in safety awareness and initiatives. While not all online risks result in self-reported harm, a range of adverse emotional and psychosocial consequences is revealed by longitudinal studies. Useful for identifying which children are more vulnerable than others, evidence reveals several risk factors: personality factors (sensation-seeking, low self-esteem, psychological difficulties), social factors (lack of parental support, peer norms) and digital factors (online practices, digital skills, specific online sites). Conclusions Mobile and online risks are increasingly intertwined with pre-existing (offline) risks in children's lives. Research gaps, as well as implications for practitioners, are identified. The challenge is now to examine the relations among different risks, and to build on the risk and protective factors identified to design effective interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12197 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: Harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: the nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sonia LIVINGSTONE, Auteur ; Peter K. SMITH, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.635-654. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.635-654 Mots-clés : Cyberbullying  cyber-aggression  risk factors  child harm protection  sexual messaging and pornography  internet  online and mobile technologies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aims and scope The usage of mobile phones and the internet by young people has increased rapidly in the past decade, approaching saturation by middle childhood in developed countries. Besides many benefits, online content, contact or conduct can be associated with risk of harm; most research has examined whether aggressive or sexual harms result from this. We examine the nature and prevalence of such risks, and evaluate the evidence regarding the factors that increase or protect against harm resulting from such risks, so as to inform the academic and practitioner knowledge base. We also identify the conceptual and methodological challenges encountered in this relatively new body of research, and highlight the pressing research gaps. Methods Given the pace of change in the market for communication technologies, we review research published since 2008. Following a thorough bibliographic search of literature from the key disciplines (psychology, sociology, education, media studies and computing sciences), the review concentrates on recent, high quality empirical studies, contextualizing these within an overview of the field. Findings Risks of cyberbullying, contact with strangers, sexual messaging (‘sexting’) and pornography generally affect fewer than one in five adolescents. Prevalence estimates vary according to definition and measurement, but do not appear to be rising substantially with increasing access to mobile and online technologies, possibly because these technologies pose no additional risk to offline behaviour, or because any risks are offset by a commensurate growth in safety awareness and initiatives. While not all online risks result in self-reported harm, a range of adverse emotional and psychosocial consequences is revealed by longitudinal studies. Useful for identifying which children are more vulnerable than others, evidence reveals several risk factors: personality factors (sensation-seeking, low self-esteem, psychological difficulties), social factors (lack of parental support, peer norms) and digital factors (online practices, digital skills, specific online sites). Conclusions Mobile and online risks are increasingly intertwined with pre-existing (offline) risks in children's lives. Research gaps, as well as implications for practitioners, are identified. The challenge is now to examine the relations among different risks, and to build on the risk and protective factors identified to design effective interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12197 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Commentary: Cause for alarm? Youth and internet risk research – a commentary on Livingstone and Smith (2014) / David FINKELHOR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.655-658 Titre : Commentary: Cause for alarm? Youth and internet risk research – a commentary on Livingstone and Smith (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David FINKELHOR, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.655-658 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bullying  cyber-bullying  sexting  Internet safety  cyber-stalking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This commentary on Livingstone and Smith (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 2014, XXX) suggests that more attention should be paid to a set of hypotheses about technology that contrasts with those that have animated much of the current research interest: (a) That the digital environment is no more perilous and perhaps less perilous than other offline environments youth inhabit; (b) That the problems the digital technology poses are not unique, but rather extensions of social interaction or media consumption problems that cut across many environments and are best conceptualized holistically rather than as special; and (c) That the appropriate responses should not be specialized Internet safety training but more generic education about life skills, social interaction, emotional intelligence, and media literacy. The commentary also argues for more research that reflects and tries to illuminate the basis for the excitement and enthusiasm that the young have for the technology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12260 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Commentary: Cause for alarm? Youth and internet risk research – a commentary on Livingstone and Smith (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David FINKELHOR, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.655-658. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.655-658 Mots-clés : Bullying  cyber-bullying  sexting  Internet safety  cyber-stalking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This commentary on Livingstone and Smith (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 2014, XXX) suggests that more attention should be paid to a set of hypotheses about technology that contrasts with those that have animated much of the current research interest: (a) That the digital environment is no more perilous and perhaps less perilous than other offline environments youth inhabit; (b) That the problems the digital technology poses are not unique, but rather extensions of social interaction or media consumption problems that cut across many environments and are best conceptualized holistically rather than as special; and (c) That the appropriate responses should not be specialized Internet safety training but more generic education about life skills, social interaction, emotional intelligence, and media literacy. The commentary also argues for more research that reflects and tries to illuminate the basis for the excitement and enthusiasm that the young have for the technology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12260 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Annual Research Review: Current limitations and future directions in MRI studies of child- and adult-onset developmental psychopathologies / Guillermo HORGA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.659-680 Titre : Annual Research Review: Current limitations and future directions in MRI studies of child- and adult-onset developmental psychopathologies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Guillermo HORGA, Auteur ; Tejal KAUR, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.659-680 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Brain imaging  magnetic resonance imaging  study design  psychopathology  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The widespread use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the study of child- and adult-onset developmental psychopathologies has generated many investigations that have measured brain structure and function in vivo throughout development, often generating great excitement over our ability to visualize the living, developing brain using the attractive, even seductive images that these studies produce. Often lost in this excitement is the recognition that brain imaging generally, and MRI in particular, is simply a technology, one that does not fundamentally differ from any other technology, be it a blood test, a genotyping assay, a biochemical assay, or behavioral test. No technology alone can generate valid scientific findings. Rather, it is only technology coupled with a strong experimental design that can generate valid and reproducible findings that lead to new insights into the mechanisms of disease and therapeutic response. Methods In this review we discuss selected studies to illustrate the most common and important limitations of MRI study designs as most commonly implemented thus far, as well as the misunderstanding that the interpretations of findings from those studies can create for our theories of developmental psychopathologies. Results Common limitations of MRI study designs are in large part responsible thus far for the generally poor reproducibility of findings across studies, poor generalizability to the larger population, failure to identify developmental trajectories, inability to distinguish causes from effects of illness, and poor ability to infer causal mechanisms in most MRI studies of developmental psychopathologies. For each of these limitations in study design and the difficulties they entail for the interpretation of findings, we discuss various approaches that numerous laboratories are now taking to address those difficulties, which have in common the yoking of brain imaging technologies to studies with inherently stronger designs that permit more valid and more powerful causal inferences. Those study designs include epidemiological, longitudinal, high-risk, clinical trials, and multimodal imaging studies. Conclusions We highlight several studies that have yoked brain imaging technologies to these stronger designs to illustrate how doing so can aid our understanding of disease mechanisms and in the foreseeable future can improve clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment planning for developmental psychopathologies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12185 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: Current limitations and future directions in MRI studies of child- and adult-onset developmental psychopathologies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Guillermo HORGA, Auteur ; Tejal KAUR, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.659-680. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.659-680 Mots-clés : Brain imaging  magnetic resonance imaging  study design  psychopathology  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The widespread use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the study of child- and adult-onset developmental psychopathologies has generated many investigations that have measured brain structure and function in vivo throughout development, often generating great excitement over our ability to visualize the living, developing brain using the attractive, even seductive images that these studies produce. Often lost in this excitement is the recognition that brain imaging generally, and MRI in particular, is simply a technology, one that does not fundamentally differ from any other technology, be it a blood test, a genotyping assay, a biochemical assay, or behavioral test. No technology alone can generate valid scientific findings. Rather, it is only technology coupled with a strong experimental design that can generate valid and reproducible findings that lead to new insights into the mechanisms of disease and therapeutic response. Methods In this review we discuss selected studies to illustrate the most common and important limitations of MRI study designs as most commonly implemented thus far, as well as the misunderstanding that the interpretations of findings from those studies can create for our theories of developmental psychopathologies. Results Common limitations of MRI study designs are in large part responsible thus far for the generally poor reproducibility of findings across studies, poor generalizability to the larger population, failure to identify developmental trajectories, inability to distinguish causes from effects of illness, and poor ability to infer causal mechanisms in most MRI studies of developmental psychopathologies. For each of these limitations in study design and the difficulties they entail for the interpretation of findings, we discuss various approaches that numerous laboratories are now taking to address those difficulties, which have in common the yoking of brain imaging technologies to studies with inherently stronger designs that permit more valid and more powerful causal inferences. Those study designs include epidemiological, longitudinal, high-risk, clinical trials, and multimodal imaging studies. Conclusions We highlight several studies that have yoked brain imaging technologies to these stronger designs to illustrate how doing so can aid our understanding of disease mechanisms and in the foreseeable future can improve clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment planning for developmental psychopathologies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12185 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Commentary: The best and worst of times – the prospects for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of developmental psychopathologies – a commentary on Horga et al. (2014) / Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.681-684 Titre : Commentary: The best and worst of times – the prospects for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of developmental psychopathologies – a commentary on Horga et al. (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur ; Yuliya YONCHEVA, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.681-684 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : MRI neuroimaging  developmental psychopathologies  research design  large-scale aggregated datasets Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the accompanying Annual Research Review, Horga and colleagues provide a comprehensive overview of the current limitations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of developmental psychopathologies focusing particularly on experimental design. Horga et al. are unsparing in their assessment of the problems that plague current clinical neuroimaging studies. We will not reiterate the long list of deficiencies in the imaging literature, which persist despite its impressive volume (PubMed lists more than 135,000 papers with the terms ‘magnetic resonance imaging’ and ‘brain’). Rather, in this Commentary, while we agree with Horga et al. that neuroimaging approaches merely represent one more types of tool, we look at where this leave us and the prospects (by attending to the lessons thoughtfully laid out by Horga and colleagues on how to place research design at the forefront in clinical neuroimaging) of better times ahead for our understanding of the pathophysiology of child- and adult-onset developmental psychiatric conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12263 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Commentary: The best and worst of times – the prospects for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of developmental psychopathologies – a commentary on Horga et al. (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur ; Yuliya YONCHEVA, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.681-684. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.681-684 Mots-clés : MRI neuroimaging  developmental psychopathologies  research design  large-scale aggregated datasets Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the accompanying Annual Research Review, Horga and colleagues provide a comprehensive overview of the current limitations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of developmental psychopathologies focusing particularly on experimental design. Horga et al. are unsparing in their assessment of the problems that plague current clinical neuroimaging studies. We will not reiterate the long list of deficiencies in the imaging literature, which persist despite its impressive volume (PubMed lists more than 135,000 papers with the terms ‘magnetic resonance imaging’ and ‘brain’). Rather, in this Commentary, while we agree with Horga et al. that neuroimaging approaches merely represent one more types of tool, we look at where this leave us and the prospects (by attending to the lessons thoughtfully laid out by Horga and colleagues on how to place research design at the forefront in clinical neuroimaging) of better times ahead for our understanding of the pathophysiology of child- and adult-onset developmental psychiatric conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12263 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype / Sarah L. KARALUNAS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.685-710 Titre : Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah L. KARALUNAS, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Joel T. NIGG, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.685-710 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reaction time variability  intraindividual  ADHD  ASD  trans-diagnostic phenotype  biomarker Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT) has received extensive discussion as an indicator of cognitive performance, a putative intermediate phenotype of many clinical disorders, and a possible trans-diagnostic phenotype that may elucidate shared risk factors for mechanisms of psychiatric illnesses. Scope and Methodology Using the examples of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we discuss RT variability. We first present a new meta-analysis of RT variability in ASD with and without comorbid ADHD. We then discuss potential mechanisms that may account for RT variability and statistical models that disentangle the cognitive processes affecting RTs. We then report a second meta-analysis comparing ADHD and non-ADHD children on diffusion model parameters. We consider how findings inform the search for neural correlates of RT variability. Findings Results suggest that RT variability is increased in ASD only when children with comorbid ADHD are included in the sample. Furthermore, RT variability in ADHD is explained by moderate to large increases (d = 0.63–0.99) in the ex-Gaussian parameter ? and the diffusion parameter drift rate, as well as by smaller differences (d = 0.32) in the diffusion parameter of nondecision time. The former may suggest problems in state regulation or arousal and difficulty detecting signal from noise, whereas the latter may reflect contributions from deficits in motor organization or output. The neuroimaging literature converges with this multicomponent interpretation and also highlights the role of top-down control circuits. Conclusion We underscore the importance of considering the interactions between top-down control, state regulation (e.g. arousal), and motor preparation when interpreting RT variability and conclude that decomposition of the RT signal provides superior interpretive power and suggests mechanisms convergent with those implicated using other cognitive paradigms. We conclude with specific recommendations for the field for next steps in the study of RT variability in neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12217 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah L. KARALUNAS, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Joel T. NIGG, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.685-710. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.685-710 Mots-clés : Reaction time variability  intraindividual  ADHD  ASD  trans-diagnostic phenotype  biomarker Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT) has received extensive discussion as an indicator of cognitive performance, a putative intermediate phenotype of many clinical disorders, and a possible trans-diagnostic phenotype that may elucidate shared risk factors for mechanisms of psychiatric illnesses. Scope and Methodology Using the examples of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we discuss RT variability. We first present a new meta-analysis of RT variability in ASD with and without comorbid ADHD. We then discuss potential mechanisms that may account for RT variability and statistical models that disentangle the cognitive processes affecting RTs. We then report a second meta-analysis comparing ADHD and non-ADHD children on diffusion model parameters. We consider how findings inform the search for neural correlates of RT variability. Findings Results suggest that RT variability is increased in ASD only when children with comorbid ADHD are included in the sample. Furthermore, RT variability in ADHD is explained by moderate to large increases (d = 0.63–0.99) in the ex-Gaussian parameter ? and the diffusion parameter drift rate, as well as by smaller differences (d = 0.32) in the diffusion parameter of nondecision time. The former may suggest problems in state regulation or arousal and difficulty detecting signal from noise, whereas the latter may reflect contributions from deficits in motor organization or output. The neuroimaging literature converges with this multicomponent interpretation and also highlights the role of top-down control circuits. Conclusion We underscore the importance of considering the interactions between top-down control, state regulation (e.g. arousal), and motor preparation when interpreting RT variability and conclude that decomposition of the RT signal provides superior interpretive power and suggests mechanisms convergent with those implicated using other cognitive paradigms. We conclude with specific recommendations for the field for next steps in the study of RT variability in neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12217 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Commentary: From noise to insight? Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders – a commentary on Karalunas et al. (2014) / Jonna KUNTSI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.711-713 Titre : Commentary: From noise to insight? Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders – a commentary on Karalunas et al. (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.711-713 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reaction time variability  autism  autism spectrum disorders  co-occurence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increased reaction time variability (RTV) emerged, for many of us in the field, initially as more of an ‘irritant’: a strong correlate of ADHD in particular that persisted when our pet hypotheses on other cognitive constructs withered. But the persistence of this now widespread observation – with high RTV reported across many disorders – has led to investigators paying increasingly more attention to this initially uncool concept. Time is ripe, it seems, for listening to what the ‘noise’ in our reaction time (RT) data may tell us. It is against this background that the accompanying Annual Research Review by Karalunas and colleagues captures the current enthusiasm in trying to elucidate whether RTV reflects ‘a trans-diagnostic phenotype that is associated with shared risk for several disorders or with symptom domains that cut across several disorder categories’ or whether RTV could be ‘decomposed into distinct processes that differ among psychiatric conditions’. Focusing on two neurodevelopmental disorders, ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Karalunas et al. performed two new meta-analyses and provide an additional review of the literature, which lead to helpful interim conclusions and open a discussion (which this Commentary preludes) on the next steps in our attempts to make sense of the RT ‘noise’. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12262 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Commentary: From noise to insight? Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders – a commentary on Karalunas et al. (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.711-713. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.711-713 Mots-clés : Reaction time variability  autism  autism spectrum disorders  co-occurence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increased reaction time variability (RTV) emerged, for many of us in the field, initially as more of an ‘irritant’: a strong correlate of ADHD in particular that persisted when our pet hypotheses on other cognitive constructs withered. But the persistence of this now widespread observation – with high RTV reported across many disorders – has led to investigators paying increasingly more attention to this initially uncool concept. Time is ripe, it seems, for listening to what the ‘noise’ in our reaction time (RT) data may tell us. It is against this background that the accompanying Annual Research Review by Karalunas and colleagues captures the current enthusiasm in trying to elucidate whether RTV reflects ‘a trans-diagnostic phenotype that is associated with shared risk for several disorders or with symptom domains that cut across several disorder categories’ or whether RTV could be ‘decomposed into distinct processes that differ among psychiatric conditions’. Focusing on two neurodevelopmental disorders, ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Karalunas et al. performed two new meta-analyses and provide an additional review of the literature, which lead to helpful interim conclusions and open a discussion (which this Commentary preludes) on the next steps in our attempts to make sense of the RT ‘noise’. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12262 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Annual Research Review: Child and adolescent mental health interventions: a review of progress in economic studies across different disorders / Jennifer BEECHAM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.714-732 Titre : Annual Research Review: Child and adolescent mental health interventions: a review of progress in economic studies across different disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer BEECHAM, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.714-732 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Economic evaluations  childhood psychiatric disorders  treatment costs  support  costs  outcomes  resources Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Resources for supporting children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders continue to be scarce. Economics research can identify current patterns of expenditure, and help inform allocation of treatment and support resources between competing needs or uses. Scope and methods The aim was to identify the costs of supporting children and adolescents, the economic impacts of childhood psychiatric disorders in adulthood and any new evidence on the cost-effectiveness of interventions. An electronic search of databases (including PubMed, Medline and Psychinfo) identified peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2005 and 2012. Findings Sixty-seven papers provided data on support and treatment costs now or in the future, or cost-effectiveness analyses of services. Half the articles came from the United States. Most articles focussed on autism spectrum disorder (ASD; 23 articles), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 15), conduct disorder (CD; n = 7), and anxiety or depression (n = 8). Conclusion Only 14 studies used a cost perspective wider than health care; most included education costs (n = 11), but only five included costs to the justice system. The number of studies estimating costs to the family has increased, particularly for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the United Kingdom, support costs for children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) appear to be lower than for those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although for the United States, the opposite may be true. Support costs for children and adolescents with ASD may be higher than both CD and ADHD. However, there were many differences between the samples and the methods employed making comparisons between studies difficult. Outcomes in adulthood include negative impacts on (mental) health, quality of life, public sector services, employment status and income. The evidence base is improving for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders, although only one full cost-effectiveness analysis was identified since the previous review published in 2012. However, we still do not know enough about the economic implications of support and treatment for specific disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12216 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: Child and adolescent mental health interventions: a review of progress in economic studies across different disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer BEECHAM, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.714-732. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.714-732 Mots-clés : Economic evaluations  childhood psychiatric disorders  treatment costs  support  costs  outcomes  resources Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Resources for supporting children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders continue to be scarce. Economics research can identify current patterns of expenditure, and help inform allocation of treatment and support resources between competing needs or uses. Scope and methods The aim was to identify the costs of supporting children and adolescents, the economic impacts of childhood psychiatric disorders in adulthood and any new evidence on the cost-effectiveness of interventions. An electronic search of databases (including PubMed, Medline and Psychinfo) identified peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2005 and 2012. Findings Sixty-seven papers provided data on support and treatment costs now or in the future, or cost-effectiveness analyses of services. Half the articles came from the United States. Most articles focussed on autism spectrum disorder (ASD; 23 articles), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 15), conduct disorder (CD; n = 7), and anxiety or depression (n = 8). Conclusion Only 14 studies used a cost perspective wider than health care; most included education costs (n = 11), but only five included costs to the justice system. The number of studies estimating costs to the family has increased, particularly for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the United Kingdom, support costs for children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) appear to be lower than for those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although for the United States, the opposite may be true. Support costs for children and adolescents with ASD may be higher than both CD and ADHD. However, there were many differences between the samples and the methods employed making comparisons between studies difficult. Outcomes in adulthood include negative impacts on (mental) health, quality of life, public sector services, employment status and income. The evidence base is improving for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders, although only one full cost-effectiveness analysis was identified since the previous review published in 2012. However, we still do not know enough about the economic implications of support and treatment for specific disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12216 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Commentary: Do clinicians need health economics? – a commentary on Beecham (2014) / Eric TAYLOR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.733-735 Titre : Commentary: Do clinicians need health economics? – a commentary on Beecham (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eric TAYLOR, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.733-735 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Health economics  child and adolescent mental health disorders  cost and health outcomes  rational resource allocation  clinical decision making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Translation from scientific knowledge into clinical practice is a complex process. It is not enough to know what is effective: what is affordable and achievable matters too. Setting priorities is a tricky business, and health economics seeks to acquire the scientific knowledge that can guide those who must set them. Health economists, however, have in the past given little attention to the problems of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). Beecham's accompanying Annual Research Review is a very helpful review of the state of the art. Studies are still few, but they are increasing, and her account shows how a useful methodology is developing. It gives a thorough description of economic studies on child mental health disorders; and shows how they can provide information needed for planning what should be provided. The review will be relevant to all practitioners who are interested in funding, equity and allocation – and most will be. As this Commentary argues, Beecham's review is not only for economists and researchers, but also for clinicians who need not only the lessons from the studies reviewed, but more and better research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12264 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Commentary: Do clinicians need health economics? – a commentary on Beecham (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eric TAYLOR, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.733-735. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.733-735 Mots-clés : Health economics  child and adolescent mental health disorders  cost and health outcomes  rational resource allocation  clinical decision making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Translation from scientific knowledge into clinical practice is a complex process. It is not enough to know what is effective: what is affordable and achievable matters too. Setting priorities is a tricky business, and health economics seeks to acquire the scientific knowledge that can guide those who must set them. Health economists, however, have in the past given little attention to the problems of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). Beecham's accompanying Annual Research Review is a very helpful review of the state of the art. Studies are still few, but they are increasing, and her account shows how a useful methodology is developing. It gives a thorough description of economic studies on child mental health disorders; and shows how they can provide information needed for planning what should be provided. The review will be relevant to all practitioners who are interested in funding, equity and allocation – and most will be. As this Commentary argues, Beecham's review is not only for economists and researchers, but also for clinicians who need not only the lessons from the studies reviewed, but more and better research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12264 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234