[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101598

Titre :	Helpful or harmful? A scoping review of perceptions and outcomes of autism diagnostic disclosure to others
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sandra THOMPSON-HODGETTS, Auteur ; Chantal LABONTE, Auteur ; Rinita MAZUMDER, Auteur ; Shanon PHELAN, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101598
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism  Diagnostic disclosure  Scoping review  Stigma
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Deciding to disclose a diagnosis of autism to others can be a major decision for people with autism and their families. This scoping review summarizes existing literature related to perceptions and outcomes of disclosing an autism diagnosis to others (e.g., teachers, peers, employers). Methods We conducted a scoping review of scientific literature using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework. Relevant English language databases and reference lists were searched using terms related to autism, disclosure, and perspective (e.g., attitude, accept*). Studies that focused on disclosure to the person with autism and/or their parents were excluded. Results A total of 37 articles met inclusion criteria, including 14 that presented the perspective of people with ASD, four that presented the perspective of parents/family members, and 20 that presented the perspective of others. Our findings highlight disconnect in perspectives between others (primarily evaluated through vignettes) and persons with autism (primarily elicited through qualitative interviews). Others perceive that disclosure has positive effects on social acceptance and perceptions of disability for people with autism, especially when explanatory information about autism was provided with the autism label. Adolescents and adults with autism indicated reluctance to disclose their diagnosis due to perceived negative outcomes and stigma. Existing research also reflected an assumption that diagnosis should be disclosed. Conclusions: Professionals and the general public should be aware of their assumptions related to autism and disclosure. More research on the processes and outcomes of diagnostic disclosure in autism, across the lifespan and in real life social contexts, is warranted.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101598
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] Helpful or harmful? A scoping review of perceptions and outcomes of autism diagnostic disclosure to others [texte imprimé] / Sandra THOMPSON-HODGETTS, Auteur ; Chantal LABONTE, Auteur ; Rinita MAZUMDER, Auteur ; Shanon PHELAN, Auteur . - 101598.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101598

Mots-clés :	Autism  Diagnostic disclosure  Scoping review  Stigma
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Deciding to disclose a diagnosis of autism to others can be a major decision for people with autism and their families. This scoping review summarizes existing literature related to perceptions and outcomes of disclosing an autism diagnosis to others (e.g., teachers, peers, employers). Methods We conducted a scoping review of scientific literature using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework. Relevant English language databases and reference lists were searched using terms related to autism, disclosure, and perspective (e.g., attitude, accept*). Studies that focused on disclosure to the person with autism and/or their parents were excluded. Results A total of 37 articles met inclusion criteria, including 14 that presented the perspective of people with ASD, four that presented the perspective of parents/family members, and 20 that presented the perspective of others. Our findings highlight disconnect in perspectives between others (primarily evaluated through vignettes) and persons with autism (primarily elicited through qualitative interviews). Others perceive that disclosure has positive effects on social acceptance and perceptions of disability for people with autism, especially when explanatory information about autism was provided with the autism label. Adolescents and adults with autism indicated reluctance to disclose their diagnosis due to perceived negative outcomes and stigma. Existing research also reflected an assumption that diagnosis should be disclosed. Conclusions: Professionals and the general public should be aware of their assumptions related to autism and disclosure. More research on the processes and outcomes of diagnostic disclosure in autism, across the lifespan and in real life social contexts, is warranted.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101598
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101605

Titre :	Serum amino acid spectrum in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Anatoly V. SKALNY, Auteur ; Andrey A. SKALNY, Auteur ; Yulia N. LOBANOVA, Auteur ; Tatiana V. KOROBEINIKOVA, Auteur ; Olga P. AJSUVAKOVA, Auteur ; Svetlana V. NOTOVA, Auteur ; Tatiana I. BURTSEVA, Auteur ; Margarita G. SKALNAYA, Auteur ; Alexey A. TINKOV, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101605
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Amino acids  Hydroxyproline  Glutamine  Deficiency
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background ASD is associated with complex metabolic alterations including amino acid metabolism. However, the existing data are contradictory. Therefore, the objective of the present study was investigation of serum amino acid levels in children with ASD. Methods A total of 97 boys (3–14 y.o.) including 64 children with diagnosed ASD and 33 neurotypical age-matched controls were enrolled in the current study. Assessment of serum amino acid levels was performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection. ClinChek® Plasma Control was used for laboratory quality control. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with adjustment for age and Bonferroni correction. Results. The obtained data demonstrate that the mean levels of Arg, Gln, His, Leu, Lys, Phe, Ser, Tau, Thr, and Trp in ASD were 28 %, 23 %, 20 %, 17 %, 21 %, 15 %, 21 %, 24 %, 19 %, and 22 % lower as compared to the control values, respectively. Serum Hypro and Tyr levels in children with ASD were more than 2-fold and 11 % higher as compared to the control values, respectively. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum Leu and Ser (negatively), and Hypro and Tyr levels (positively) were significantly associated with ASD. Conclusions The obtained data demonstrate that children with ASD are characterized by a trend to multiple amino acid deficiency in parallel with elevation of serum Tyr and Hypro levels. The latter may provide a link between ASD and joint hypermobility. In turn, deficiency of other amino acids may impair neurobehavior in ASD due to their role as neuromediators or their precursors.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101605
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] Serum amino acid spectrum in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [texte imprimé] / Anatoly V. SKALNY, Auteur ; Andrey A. SKALNY, Auteur ; Yulia N. LOBANOVA, Auteur ; Tatiana V. KOROBEINIKOVA, Auteur ; Olga P. AJSUVAKOVA, Auteur ; Svetlana V. NOTOVA, Auteur ; Tatiana I. BURTSEVA, Auteur ; Margarita G. SKALNAYA, Auteur ; Alexey A. TINKOV, Auteur . - 101605.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101605

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Amino acids  Hydroxyproline  Glutamine  Deficiency
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background ASD is associated with complex metabolic alterations including amino acid metabolism. However, the existing data are contradictory. Therefore, the objective of the present study was investigation of serum amino acid levels in children with ASD. Methods A total of 97 boys (3–14 y.o.) including 64 children with diagnosed ASD and 33 neurotypical age-matched controls were enrolled in the current study. Assessment of serum amino acid levels was performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection. ClinChek® Plasma Control was used for laboratory quality control. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with adjustment for age and Bonferroni correction. Results. The obtained data demonstrate that the mean levels of Arg, Gln, His, Leu, Lys, Phe, Ser, Tau, Thr, and Trp in ASD were 28 %, 23 %, 20 %, 17 %, 21 %, 15 %, 21 %, 24 %, 19 %, and 22 % lower as compared to the control values, respectively. Serum Hypro and Tyr levels in children with ASD were more than 2-fold and 11 % higher as compared to the control values, respectively. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum Leu and Ser (negatively), and Hypro and Tyr levels (positively) were significantly associated with ASD. Conclusions The obtained data demonstrate that children with ASD are characterized by a trend to multiple amino acid deficiency in parallel with elevation of serum Tyr and Hypro levels. The latter may provide a link between ASD and joint hypermobility. In turn, deficiency of other amino acids may impair neurobehavior in ASD due to their role as neuromediators or their precursors.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101605
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101606

Titre :	Early childhood special education teachers’ use of evidence-based practices with children with autism spectrum disorder
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jaclyn M. DYNIA, Auteur ; Katherine M. WALTON, Auteur ; Matthew E. BROCK, Auteur ; Gabrielle TIEDE, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101606
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Evidence-based practice  ASD  Preschool
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Past research shows a gap between identification of evidence-based practices (EBP) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and adoption of those EBP by classroom teachers. However, few studies have examined EBP use in preschool classrooms. Method We surveyed 45 preschool teachers serving children with ASD regarding their intervention priorities, instructional approaches, confidence, and desire for professional development. Open-ended responses regarding instructional approaches were coded by the research team for whether they reflected use of specified identified EBP. Results Communication, social skills, and challenging behavior were rated as the top priorities for intervention. Nearly all teachers reported using at least one EBP. The most commonly reported EBP included visual supports, behavioral strategies, and social narratives. Nearly half of teachers reported using sensory-related strategies, which are not EBP. Surprisingly, teacher confidence and belief that they were using EBP were not significantly related to desire for professional development. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the research-to-practice gap for educating young children with ASD, and have the potential to help teacher educators refine their efforts to close this gap.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101606
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] Early childhood special education teachers’ use of evidence-based practices with children with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Jaclyn M. DYNIA, Auteur ; Katherine M. WALTON, Auteur ; Matthew E. BROCK, Auteur ; Gabrielle TIEDE, Auteur . - 101606.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101606

Mots-clés :	Evidence-based practice  ASD  Preschool
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Past research shows a gap between identification of evidence-based practices (EBP) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and adoption of those EBP by classroom teachers. However, few studies have examined EBP use in preschool classrooms. Method We surveyed 45 preschool teachers serving children with ASD regarding their intervention priorities, instructional approaches, confidence, and desire for professional development. Open-ended responses regarding instructional approaches were coded by the research team for whether they reflected use of specified identified EBP. Results Communication, social skills, and challenging behavior were rated as the top priorities for intervention. Nearly all teachers reported using at least one EBP. The most commonly reported EBP included visual supports, behavioral strategies, and social narratives. Nearly half of teachers reported using sensory-related strategies, which are not EBP. Surprisingly, teacher confidence and belief that they were using EBP were not significantly related to desire for professional development. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the research-to-practice gap for educating young children with ASD, and have the potential to help teacher educators refine their efforts to close this gap.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101606
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101607

Titre :	Autistic traits and emotional experiences in Chinese college students: Mediating role of emotional regulation and sex differences
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xudong ZHAO, Auteur ; Xiujun LI, Auteur ; Youming SONG, Auteur ; Chunbo LI, Auteur ; Wendian SHI, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101607
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorders  Autistic traits  Emotion regulation  Emotional experiences  Moderating effect  Mediation effect
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Studies conducted in Western cultures showed that maladaptive use of emotion regulation (ER) leads to emotional problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the extent of the association between these characteristics of ASD and autistic traits (ATs) in the general population is still unclear, since the frequency and output of ER may be different in Eastern and Western cultures. Moreover, sex plays an important role in ASD-related emotional functions and ER. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the associations between ATs, ER, and emotions in Eastern cultures, as well as the possible moderating role of sex in the relationships between them. Methods In total, 558 (304 females) participants completed questionnaires, assessing their ATs, ER strategies (reappraisal and suppression), and positive/negative emotional experiences. Spearman correlation and moderating and mediation effects analyses were conducted. Results ATs directly predicted reduced positive emotions and increased negative emotions, and indirectly predicted increased non-adaptability of emotional experiences by limiting reappraisal. A sex-specific influence pattern was also revealed: ATs in females further strengthens negative emotions by increasing the frequency of using suppression. Conclusions In this study of using a sample from an eastern culture, the results revealed (1) the mediating role of reappraisal and suppression in the relationship between ATs and emotional experiences and (2) females’ greater susceptibility to the negative impacts of ATs on emotions. These findings provide preliminary evidence for understanding sex differences in AT-related emotional functions, which may have implications for emotional interventions for individuals with ASD and high ATs.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101607
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] Autistic traits and emotional experiences in Chinese college students: Mediating role of emotional regulation and sex differences [texte imprimé] / Xudong ZHAO, Auteur ; Xiujun LI, Auteur ; Youming SONG, Auteur ; Chunbo LI, Auteur ; Wendian SHI, Auteur . - 101607.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101607

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorders  Autistic traits  Emotion regulation  Emotional experiences  Moderating effect  Mediation effect
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Studies conducted in Western cultures showed that maladaptive use of emotion regulation (ER) leads to emotional problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the extent of the association between these characteristics of ASD and autistic traits (ATs) in the general population is still unclear, since the frequency and output of ER may be different in Eastern and Western cultures. Moreover, sex plays an important role in ASD-related emotional functions and ER. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the associations between ATs, ER, and emotions in Eastern cultures, as well as the possible moderating role of sex in the relationships between them. Methods In total, 558 (304 females) participants completed questionnaires, assessing their ATs, ER strategies (reappraisal and suppression), and positive/negative emotional experiences. Spearman correlation and moderating and mediation effects analyses were conducted. Results ATs directly predicted reduced positive emotions and increased negative emotions, and indirectly predicted increased non-adaptability of emotional experiences by limiting reappraisal. A sex-specific influence pattern was also revealed: ATs in females further strengthens negative emotions by increasing the frequency of using suppression. Conclusions In this study of using a sample from an eastern culture, the results revealed (1) the mediating role of reappraisal and suppression in the relationship between ATs and emotional experiences and (2) females’ greater susceptibility to the negative impacts of ATs on emotions. These findings provide preliminary evidence for understanding sex differences in AT-related emotional functions, which may have implications for emotional interventions for individuals with ASD and high ATs.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101607
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101608

Titre :	Emotion processing and autism spectrum disorder: A review of the relative contributions of alexithymia and verbal IQ
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shalini SIVATHASAN, Auteur ; Tania Palma FERNANDES, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur ; Eve-Marie QUINTIN, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101608
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism  Emotion processing  Verbal intelligence  Alexithymia
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a unique way of navigating the social world around them, including processing emotions. Discrepancies in emotion processing between persons with ASD as compared to typically developing individuals have been attributed to lower levels of verbal intelligence or the co-occurrence of alexithymia, a personality trait defined as a specific difficulty in identifying and expressing emotions. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review and summarize the literature on alexithymia, while accounting for verbal intelligence, in relation to the emotion processing of people with ASD. Method Of the 309 identified empirical papers, 13 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Information was compiled on performance on emotion processing tasks, measures of alexithymia, verbal IQ, and ASD symptom severity, as well as age range, sex, and type of study (e.g., behavioural, neuroimaging). Results The majority of studies included adults with average to above average verbal IQ. Overall, the findings from the 13 studies represent preliminary evidence that verbal IQ has a strong influence on performance on behavioural emotion processing tasks, while alexithymia influences physiological and brain responses to emotion tasks. Conclusions Both verbal IQ and alexithymia play an important and potentially distinct role in explaining how people with ASD process emotions at a behavioural and physiological level.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101608
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] Emotion processing and autism spectrum disorder: A review of the relative contributions of alexithymia and verbal IQ [texte imprimé] / Shalini SIVATHASAN, Auteur ; Tania Palma FERNANDES, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur ; Eve-Marie QUINTIN, Auteur . - 101608.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101608

Mots-clés :	Autism  Emotion processing  Verbal intelligence  Alexithymia
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a unique way of navigating the social world around them, including processing emotions. Discrepancies in emotion processing between persons with ASD as compared to typically developing individuals have been attributed to lower levels of verbal intelligence or the co-occurrence of alexithymia, a personality trait defined as a specific difficulty in identifying and expressing emotions. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review and summarize the literature on alexithymia, while accounting for verbal intelligence, in relation to the emotion processing of people with ASD. Method Of the 309 identified empirical papers, 13 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Information was compiled on performance on emotion processing tasks, measures of alexithymia, verbal IQ, and ASD symptom severity, as well as age range, sex, and type of study (e.g., behavioural, neuroimaging). Results The majority of studies included adults with average to above average verbal IQ. Overall, the findings from the 13 studies represent preliminary evidence that verbal IQ has a strong influence on performance on behavioural emotion processing tasks, while alexithymia influences physiological and brain responses to emotion tasks. Conclusions Both verbal IQ and alexithymia play an important and potentially distinct role in explaining how people with ASD process emotions at a behavioural and physiological level.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101608
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101609

Titre :	Adherence to behavioral treatments and parent stress in families of children with ASD
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Aimee K. ROVANE, Auteur ; Robert M. HOCK, Auteur ; Stacy-Ann A. JANUARY, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101609
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Parents  Treatment adherence  Behavior treatment  Treatment demands  Treatment effectiveness  Treatment relevance
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Recent studies suggest that parent involvement with behavioral treatment for behavior problems may reduce parent stress in families with a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is not known whether high treatment adherence to protocols is associated with reduced parent stress nor what perceptions of treatment may moderate this relation. Method The current study examined the relation between parents’ adherence to behavioral treatments and parent stress, and whether parents’ perceptions toward treatment moderate this association. Participants were 190 mothers, fathers, or caregivers of a child with ASD. A bivariate correlation matrix examined associations between each variable, and three separate linear regression models regressed parent stress on treatment adherence, perceptions of treatment, and the interaction of the two. Covariates included child age and severity of behavior problems. Results Treatment adherence had a significant negative relation with parent stress. Treatment demandingness, but neither treatment relevance nor treatment effectiveness, emerged as a moderator for the association between treatment adherence and parent stress. Conclusions Evidence was found for an association between treatment adherence and parent stress with partial support that perceptions of treatment moderate the association. Specifically, high treatment adherence was associated with lower parent stress, and the effect was most pronounced when treatment demandingness was low. These findings have implications for clinicians and treatment providers who are well-positioned to monitor and address parent attitudes to aid positive treatment outcomes for both the child and the parent. Moreover, clinicians can consider the impact of treatment demandingness on the whole family system.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101609
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] Adherence to behavioral treatments and parent stress in families of children with ASD [texte imprimé] / Aimee K. ROVANE, Auteur ; Robert M. HOCK, Auteur ; Stacy-Ann A. JANUARY, Auteur . - 101609.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101609

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Parents  Treatment adherence  Behavior treatment  Treatment demands  Treatment effectiveness  Treatment relevance
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Recent studies suggest that parent involvement with behavioral treatment for behavior problems may reduce parent stress in families with a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is not known whether high treatment adherence to protocols is associated with reduced parent stress nor what perceptions of treatment may moderate this relation. Method The current study examined the relation between parents’ adherence to behavioral treatments and parent stress, and whether parents’ perceptions toward treatment moderate this association. Participants were 190 mothers, fathers, or caregivers of a child with ASD. A bivariate correlation matrix examined associations between each variable, and three separate linear regression models regressed parent stress on treatment adherence, perceptions of treatment, and the interaction of the two. Covariates included child age and severity of behavior problems. Results Treatment adherence had a significant negative relation with parent stress. Treatment demandingness, but neither treatment relevance nor treatment effectiveness, emerged as a moderator for the association between treatment adherence and parent stress. Conclusions Evidence was found for an association between treatment adherence and parent stress with partial support that perceptions of treatment moderate the association. Specifically, high treatment adherence was associated with lower parent stress, and the effect was most pronounced when treatment demandingness was low. These findings have implications for clinicians and treatment providers who are well-positioned to monitor and address parent attitudes to aid positive treatment outcomes for both the child and the parent. Moreover, clinicians can consider the impact of treatment demandingness on the whole family system.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101609
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101610

Titre :	Parent-child concordance on the Pubertal Development Scale in typically developing and autistic youth
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ann CLAWSON, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Veronica GOMEZ-LOBO, Auteur ; Allison JACK, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101610
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Puberty  Pubertal Development Scale
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Characterizing puberty in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical given the direct impacts of pubertal progression on neural, cognitive, and physical maturation. Limited information is available about the utility and parent-child concordance of the self-report and parent-report Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) in ASD, an economical and easily administered measure. Method The primary aim of this study was to examine the concordance between self-report and parent-report PDS ratings in autistic males and females ages 8–17y compared to typically developing (TD) youth, including using the PDS to derive informant-based estimates of adrenal and gonadal development. We hypothesized that there would be greater parent-youth discrepancies in pubertal ratings among autistic males. Our second aim was exploratory; we examined whether individual characteristics impact PDS concordance and hypothesized that lower intellectual and adaptive skills, higher autistic traits, and reduced self-awareness/monitoring would correlate with lower concordance. Results There were no significant diagnostic group differences in parent-youth concordance for overall PDS scores among males and females. Autistic males had significantly lower inter-item agreement with their parents than TD males and had lower agreement for both adrenal and gonadal aspects of pubertal maturation (adrenal ??=?.48; gonadal ??=?.55). Conclusions The PDS is a feasible measure in ASD. Greater parent-youth discrepancies in autistic males may be due to reduced parental awareness or reduced insight into pubertal maturation among autistic males. Future research is needed to further elucidate individual and/or environmental characteristics that influence youth- and parent-reported PDS scores, including differences in self-perception and insight.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101610
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] Parent-child concordance on the Pubertal Development Scale in typically developing and autistic youth [texte imprimé] / Ann CLAWSON, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Veronica GOMEZ-LOBO, Auteur ; Allison JACK, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur . - 101610.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101610

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Puberty  Pubertal Development Scale
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Characterizing puberty in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical given the direct impacts of pubertal progression on neural, cognitive, and physical maturation. Limited information is available about the utility and parent-child concordance of the self-report and parent-report Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) in ASD, an economical and easily administered measure. Method The primary aim of this study was to examine the concordance between self-report and parent-report PDS ratings in autistic males and females ages 8–17y compared to typically developing (TD) youth, including using the PDS to derive informant-based estimates of adrenal and gonadal development. We hypothesized that there would be greater parent-youth discrepancies in pubertal ratings among autistic males. Our second aim was exploratory; we examined whether individual characteristics impact PDS concordance and hypothesized that lower intellectual and adaptive skills, higher autistic traits, and reduced self-awareness/monitoring would correlate with lower concordance. Results There were no significant diagnostic group differences in parent-youth concordance for overall PDS scores among males and females. Autistic males had significantly lower inter-item agreement with their parents than TD males and had lower agreement for both adrenal and gonadal aspects of pubertal maturation (adrenal ??=?.48; gonadal ??=?.55). Conclusions The PDS is a feasible measure in ASD. Greater parent-youth discrepancies in autistic males may be due to reduced parental awareness or reduced insight into pubertal maturation among autistic males. Future research is needed to further elucidate individual and/or environmental characteristics that influence youth- and parent-reported PDS scores, including differences in self-perception and insight.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101610
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101611

Titre :	Decreasing motor stereotypy in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jessica S. AKERS, Auteur ; Tonya N. DAVIS, Auteur ; Stephanie GEROW, Auteur ; Suzannah AVERY, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101611
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Stereotypy  Autism  Behavioral interventions  Review
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Stereotypic behaviors are repetitive, coordinated, seemingly purposeless behaviors that are most often maintained by automatic reinforcement. Motor stereotypy can range from mild to severe depending on the topography, frequency and extent to which they interfere with ongoing activities. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at an increased risk of exhibiting complex motor stereotypies. Method The purpose of this literature review was to summarize and evaluate the quality of the literature on behavioral interventions to reduce motor stereotypy among individuals with ASD. We reviewed 126 experiments that addressed motor stereotypy using antecedent interventions, reinforcement-based interventions, punishment interventions or a combination of interventions. Results We determined that altering the environment during the session (e.g., continuous access to a competing stimulus) and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior are evidence-based interventions according to the What Works Clearinghouse standards. Conclusions Based on these findings, we discuss considerations for implementing these interventions, procedures for conducting assessments, and areas for future research.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101611
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] Decreasing motor stereotypy in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review [texte imprimé] / Jessica S. AKERS, Auteur ; Tonya N. DAVIS, Auteur ; Stephanie GEROW, Auteur ; Suzannah AVERY, Auteur . - 101611.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101611

Mots-clés :	Stereotypy  Autism  Behavioral interventions  Review
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Stereotypic behaviors are repetitive, coordinated, seemingly purposeless behaviors that are most often maintained by automatic reinforcement. Motor stereotypy can range from mild to severe depending on the topography, frequency and extent to which they interfere with ongoing activities. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at an increased risk of exhibiting complex motor stereotypies. Method The purpose of this literature review was to summarize and evaluate the quality of the literature on behavioral interventions to reduce motor stereotypy among individuals with ASD. We reviewed 126 experiments that addressed motor stereotypy using antecedent interventions, reinforcement-based interventions, punishment interventions or a combination of interventions. Results We determined that altering the environment during the session (e.g., continuous access to a competing stimulus) and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior are evidence-based interventions according to the What Works Clearinghouse standards. Conclusions Based on these findings, we discuss considerations for implementing these interventions, procedures for conducting assessments, and areas for future research.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101611
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4328

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101612

Titre :	A systematic review of how emotional self-awareness is defined and measured when comparing autistic and non-autistic groups
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	C. F. HUGGINS, Auteur ; G. DONNAN, Auteur ; I. M. CAMERON, Auteur ; J. H. G. WILLIAMS, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101612
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Alexithymia  Autism  Emotional self-awareness  Emotion differentiation
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Poor emotional self-awareness, often referred to as ‘alexithymia’ may be a common area of difficulty in autism. However, emotional self-awareness is labelled and defined differently in various strands of research, and is often measured by self-report. These issues may influence differences in emotional self-awareness between autistic and non-autistic groups. Thus, we need to examine how emotional self-awareness is defined and measured in this literature. Method We systematically reviewed studies comparing emotional self-awareness in autistic and non-autistic participants. Forty-seven papers were identified for inclusion, and how emotional self-awareness was defined was extracted from each. Thematic analysis was conducted on extracted definitions. The measurement tools used in each paper were also reviewed, to assess the extent to which studies are reliant upon self-report. Results We identified seven key themes in definitions of emotional self-awareness, with little consistency. Also, the themes identified mapped poorly onto the tools used to measure them. Most studies relied exclusively on self-report, and few used more than one tool. Only three behavioural measurement tools were identified. Conclusion Emotional self-awareness has been variably defined by researchers in different strands of autism research. Moreover, most studies exclusively use self-report alone to measure this outcome, and this may not be reliable. To account for the multi-faceted nature of emotional self-awareness, future research would benefit from specifically defining which aspect of emotional self-awareness is under study and utilising multi-method approaches.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101612
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] A systematic review of how emotional self-awareness is defined and measured when comparing autistic and non-autistic groups [texte imprimé] / C. F. HUGGINS, Auteur ; G. DONNAN, Auteur ; I. M. CAMERON, Auteur ; J. H. G. WILLIAMS, Auteur . - 101612.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101612

Mots-clés :	Alexithymia  Autism  Emotional self-awareness  Emotion differentiation
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Poor emotional self-awareness, often referred to as ‘alexithymia’ may be a common area of difficulty in autism. However, emotional self-awareness is labelled and defined differently in various strands of research, and is often measured by self-report. These issues may influence differences in emotional self-awareness between autistic and non-autistic groups. Thus, we need to examine how emotional self-awareness is defined and measured in this literature. Method We systematically reviewed studies comparing emotional self-awareness in autistic and non-autistic participants. Forty-seven papers were identified for inclusion, and how emotional self-awareness was defined was extracted from each. Thematic analysis was conducted on extracted definitions. The measurement tools used in each paper were also reviewed, to assess the extent to which studies are reliant upon self-report. Results We identified seven key themes in definitions of emotional self-awareness, with little consistency. Also, the themes identified mapped poorly onto the tools used to measure them. Most studies relied exclusively on self-report, and few used more than one tool. Only three behavioural measurement tools were identified. Conclusion Emotional self-awareness has been variably defined by researchers in different strands of autism research. Moreover, most studies exclusively use self-report alone to measure this outcome, and this may not be reliable. To account for the multi-faceted nature of emotional self-awareness, future research would benefit from specifically defining which aspect of emotional self-awareness is under study and utilising multi-method approaches.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101612
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101613

Titre :	Higher depressive symptoms in early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder by self- and parent-report compared to typically-developing peers
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101613
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism  Depression  Early adolescence  Typically-developing peers  Parent ratings
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Depression is more prevalent among male early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) than their typically- developing (TD) peers, but findings are limited to two male-only studies. Therefore, a broader understanding of depressive symptoms among both male and female early adolescents with ASD in larger samples is needed. Self- and parent-ratings are frequently used, yet rater differences may emerge and provide unique insights. Method Ratings of adolescent depressive symptoms were examined among 230 early adolescents (10:0?13:5 years) with and without ASD using self- (Children’s Depression Inventory, Second Edition; CDI-2) and parent- report (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL) measures. The influence of diagnostic group (ASD vs. TD) and rater (early adolescent vs. parent) on ratings were examined with Full Scale IQ and sex as covariates. Additionally, the reliability and strength of agreement between raters were examined. Results Higher depressive symptoms were reported by both raters in the ASD group (Borderline range) compared to the TD group (Average range). The interaction of diagnostic group and rater was nonsignificant, but significant main effects emerged. Sex was a significant covariate, but Full Scale IQ was not. The reliability and strength of agreement between raters in the ASD group only were not significant. Conclusions Findings suggest that depressive symptoms may be higher in both male and female early adolescents with ASD across self- and parent- reports. However, measurement of depression in ASD may be complicated by nonsignificant reliability and strength of agreement between raters. Results have implications for screening and intervention for early adolescents with ASD.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101613
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] Higher depressive symptoms in early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder by self- and parent-report compared to typically-developing peers [texte imprimé] / Jessica M. SCHWARTZMAN, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur . - 101613.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101613

Mots-clés :	Autism  Depression  Early adolescence  Typically-developing peers  Parent ratings
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Depression is more prevalent among male early adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) than their typically- developing (TD) peers, but findings are limited to two male-only studies. Therefore, a broader understanding of depressive symptoms among both male and female early adolescents with ASD in larger samples is needed. Self- and parent-ratings are frequently used, yet rater differences may emerge and provide unique insights. Method Ratings of adolescent depressive symptoms were examined among 230 early adolescents (10:0?13:5 years) with and without ASD using self- (Children’s Depression Inventory, Second Edition; CDI-2) and parent- report (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL) measures. The influence of diagnostic group (ASD vs. TD) and rater (early adolescent vs. parent) on ratings were examined with Full Scale IQ and sex as covariates. Additionally, the reliability and strength of agreement between raters were examined. Results Higher depressive symptoms were reported by both raters in the ASD group (Borderline range) compared to the TD group (Average range). The interaction of diagnostic group and rater was nonsignificant, but significant main effects emerged. Sex was a significant covariate, but Full Scale IQ was not. The reliability and strength of agreement between raters in the ASD group only were not significant. Conclusions Findings suggest that depressive symptoms may be higher in both male and female early adolescents with ASD across self- and parent- reports. However, measurement of depression in ASD may be complicated by nonsignificant reliability and strength of agreement between raters. Results have implications for screening and intervention for early adolescents with ASD.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101613
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101615

Titre :	‘Above and beyond’: The perceptions of mothers of children with autism about ‘good practice’ by professionals and services
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Catherine E. STANFORD, Auteur ; Vaso TOTSIKA, Auteur ; Richard P. HASTINGS, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101615
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorders  Good practice  Best practice  Maternal experiences  Service use  Thematic analysis
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	The aim of the present study was to investigate positive experiences with professionals and services, from the perspective of mothers of children with autism. Parents’ negative experiences with services are well documented, but the experiences of ‘good practice’ have been less well researched. Seventeen mothers of children with autism aged between 5 and 10 years old were interviewed regarding their experiences of accessing services for their child, and in particular their experiences of good practice. Using inductive thematic analysis, three core themes were identified. These related to mothers valuing aspects of professionals’ engagement, manner, and interactions with mothers; elements of professional and services provision (such as knowledge, community building, and hands-on skill development); and the ways services delivered their provision (e.g., through personalisation and adaptation, and ease of access). The findings of this study illustrate that these are clearly aspects of good practice valued by mothers of children with autism, which could be generalised to other neurodevelopmental conditions. Future research should consider establishing directional links between good practice concepts, for example using grounded theory.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101615
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] ‘Above and beyond’: The perceptions of mothers of children with autism about ‘good practice’ by professionals and services [texte imprimé] / Catherine E. STANFORD, Auteur ; Vaso TOTSIKA, Auteur ; Richard P. HASTINGS, Auteur . - 101615.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101615

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorders  Good practice  Best practice  Maternal experiences  Service use  Thematic analysis
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	The aim of the present study was to investigate positive experiences with professionals and services, from the perspective of mothers of children with autism. Parents’ negative experiences with services are well documented, but the experiences of ‘good practice’ have been less well researched. Seventeen mothers of children with autism aged between 5 and 10 years old were interviewed regarding their experiences of accessing services for their child, and in particular their experiences of good practice. Using inductive thematic analysis, three core themes were identified. These related to mothers valuing aspects of professionals’ engagement, manner, and interactions with mothers; elements of professional and services provision (such as knowledge, community building, and hands-on skill development); and the ways services delivered their provision (e.g., through personalisation and adaptation, and ease of access). The findings of this study illustrate that these are clearly aspects of good practice valued by mothers of children with autism, which could be generalised to other neurodevelopmental conditions. Future research should consider establishing directional links between good practice concepts, for example using grounded theory.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101615
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101616

Titre :	Implementing an early detection program for autism in primary healthcare: Screening, education of healthcare professionals, referrals for diagnostic evaluation, and early intervention
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sigrídur Lóa JONSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Evald SAEMUNDSEN, Auteur ; Sesselja GUDMUNDSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Gyda S. HARALDSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Aslaug Heida PALSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Vilhjalmur RAFNSSON, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101616
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Early detection  Screening  M-CHAT-R/F  Well-child care  Education
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Improving early detection of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical because it allows for earlier intervention, which has been shown to improve outcomes in core behavioral and skill deficits related to ASD. We studied the implementation of an early detection program for ASD in primary healthcare and evaluated its results. Method Nine primary healthcare centers in the capital area of Reykjavik, Iceland were randomly selected for participation. The program included the following: screening for ASD with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up during routine developmental surveillance at 30 months of age; education of well-child care professionals; referrals for diagnostic evaluation; and early intervention. Results Among the 1586 children screened, 26 screened positive and 25 were evaluated, of whom 18 were diagnosed with ASD and six with other neurodevelopmental disorders, giving positive predictive values (PPVs) of 0.72 and 0.96, respectively. The screening detected eight children with ASD who were missed by other referrers. The mean time from screening to intervention was 3.56 months (SD = 4.00), and 18.28 months (SD = 2.72) from screening to diagnostic evaluation. Of the well-child care professionals who attended an educational course, 79 % had not received prior education on ASD. Participation in the course contributed to increased self-perceived knowledge and confidence in identifying behaviors indicating ASD. Conclusion The screening was well received by stakeholders, and PPV for ASD was relatively high, providing evidence of its feasibility. The long wait-time for diagnostic evaluation and the lack of ASD education among well-child care professionals needs to be addressed.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101616
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] Implementing an early detection program for autism in primary healthcare: Screening, education of healthcare professionals, referrals for diagnostic evaluation, and early intervention [texte imprimé] / Sigrídur Lóa JONSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Evald SAEMUNDSEN, Auteur ; Sesselja GUDMUNDSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Gyda S. HARALDSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Aslaug Heida PALSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Vilhjalmur RAFNSSON, Auteur . - 101616.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101616

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Early detection  Screening  M-CHAT-R/F  Well-child care  Education
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Improving early detection of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical because it allows for earlier intervention, which has been shown to improve outcomes in core behavioral and skill deficits related to ASD. We studied the implementation of an early detection program for ASD in primary healthcare and evaluated its results. Method Nine primary healthcare centers in the capital area of Reykjavik, Iceland were randomly selected for participation. The program included the following: screening for ASD with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up during routine developmental surveillance at 30 months of age; education of well-child care professionals; referrals for diagnostic evaluation; and early intervention. Results Among the 1586 children screened, 26 screened positive and 25 were evaluated, of whom 18 were diagnosed with ASD and six with other neurodevelopmental disorders, giving positive predictive values (PPVs) of 0.72 and 0.96, respectively. The screening detected eight children with ASD who were missed by other referrers. The mean time from screening to intervention was 3.56 months (SD = 4.00), and 18.28 months (SD = 2.72) from screening to diagnostic evaluation. Of the well-child care professionals who attended an educational course, 79 % had not received prior education on ASD. Participation in the course contributed to increased self-perceived knowledge and confidence in identifying behaviors indicating ASD. Conclusion The screening was well received by stakeholders, and PPV for ASD was relatively high, providing evidence of its feasibility. The long wait-time for diagnostic evaluation and the lack of ASD education among well-child care professionals needs to be addressed.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101616
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101630

Titre :	Increased plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in males with autism spectrum disorder
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Takaharu HIRAI, Auteur ; Noriyoshi USUI, Auteur ; Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Taishi MIYACHI, Auteur ; Kenji J. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; Min-Jue XIE, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Masatsugu TSUJII, Auteur ; Toshiro SUGIYAMA, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101630
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Lipoprotein lipase  GPIHBP1  Lipid metabolism  ADI-R
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetics, characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive behaviors and interests. The involvement of lipid metabolism in ASD pathophysiology has been demonstrated in previous studies; however, the molecular mechanisms of abnormal lipid metabolism are not fully understood. A mutation in Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which has central roles in lipid metabolism, has been identified in patients with ASD. We have reported that Lpl is downregulated in ASD model mice. Therefore, we explored the role of LPL in lipid metabolism in ASD patients. Methods We quantified LPL amount, LPL activity, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) amount in the plasma of ASD male subjects (n = 28) compared with typical development (TD) controls (n = 28), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for LPL amount and fluorometric assays for LPL activity. We examined the correlations of plasma LPL with GPIHBP1 and clinical characteristic scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Results There was higher LPL activity, but not LPL amount, in the plasma of ASD subjects compared with controls. Receiver operating characteristics analysis also demonstrated that pure LPL activity (LPL activity/LPL amount) is a useful indicator to distinguish ASD from TD controls. There were no correlations between plasma LPL and ADI-R scores; however, LPL activity was negatively correlated with GPIHBP1 levels in the plasma of ASD subjects. Conclusions Our results demonstrate increased activity of plasma LPL, regulated by GPIHBP1, in ASD, providing novel insights into the lipid metabolism associated with ASD pathophysiology.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101630
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] Increased plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in males with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Takaharu HIRAI, Auteur ; Noriyoshi USUI, Auteur ; Keiko IWATA, Auteur ; Taishi MIYACHI, Auteur ; Kenji J. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; Min-Jue XIE, Auteur ; Kazuhiko NAKAMURA, Auteur ; Masatsugu TSUJII, Auteur ; Toshiro SUGIYAMA, Auteur ; Hideo MATSUZAKI, Auteur . - 101630.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101630

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Lipoprotein lipase  GPIHBP1  Lipid metabolism  ADI-R
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetics, characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive behaviors and interests. The involvement of lipid metabolism in ASD pathophysiology has been demonstrated in previous studies; however, the molecular mechanisms of abnormal lipid metabolism are not fully understood. A mutation in Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which has central roles in lipid metabolism, has been identified in patients with ASD. We have reported that Lpl is downregulated in ASD model mice. Therefore, we explored the role of LPL in lipid metabolism in ASD patients. Methods We quantified LPL amount, LPL activity, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) amount in the plasma of ASD male subjects (n = 28) compared with typical development (TD) controls (n = 28), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for LPL amount and fluorometric assays for LPL activity. We examined the correlations of plasma LPL with GPIHBP1 and clinical characteristic scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Results There was higher LPL activity, but not LPL amount, in the plasma of ASD subjects compared with controls. Receiver operating characteristics analysis also demonstrated that pure LPL activity (LPL activity/LPL amount) is a useful indicator to distinguish ASD from TD controls. There were no correlations between plasma LPL and ADI-R scores; however, LPL activity was negatively correlated with GPIHBP1 levels in the plasma of ASD subjects. Conclusions Our results demonstrate increased activity of plasma LPL, regulated by GPIHBP1, in ASD, providing novel insights into the lipid metabolism associated with ASD pathophysiology.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101630
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101631

Titre :	“Success Doesn’t Happen in a Traditional Way”: Experiences of school personnel who provide employment preparation for youth with autism spectrum disorder
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jasin WONG, Auteur ; Ellen S. COHN, Auteur ; Wendy J. COSTER, Auteur ; Gael I. ORSMOND, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101631
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Employment  Transition  Qualitative research
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Secure employment is associated with positive self-esteem and higher quality of life. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, have poor employment outcomes. Typically, school personnel provide vocational supports for students with ASD. By learning from school personnel’s experiences, we can understand what works well and inform future service development. Aims We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators that school personnel consider when preparing youth with ASD for employment. Methods Twenty school personnel participated in semi-structured interviews. Procedures We conducted thematic analysis to understand how school personnel approached employment preparation with this population. This analysis was guided by an occupational therapy transactional perspective. Outcomes and Results We developed a conceptual model to highlight the transactions across contextual factors in employment preparation. School personnel viewed creating a meaningful life in the community and maintaining employment as inseparable. School personnel also highlighted the importance of empowering youth, supportive environments, and cooperative parents. Conclusions and Implications In preparing youth with ASD for employment, school personnel equally valued contextual factors, individual characteristics, and the dynamic relations between these elements. Future intervention and service development should be guided by a consideration of the transactions between individual and environment.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101631
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] “Success Doesn’t Happen in a Traditional Way”: Experiences of school personnel who provide employment preparation for youth with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Jasin WONG, Auteur ; Ellen S. COHN, Auteur ; Wendy J. COSTER, Auteur ; Gael I. ORSMOND, Auteur . - 101631.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101631

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Employment  Transition  Qualitative research
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Secure employment is associated with positive self-esteem and higher quality of life. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, have poor employment outcomes. Typically, school personnel provide vocational supports for students with ASD. By learning from school personnel’s experiences, we can understand what works well and inform future service development. Aims We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators that school personnel consider when preparing youth with ASD for employment. Methods Twenty school personnel participated in semi-structured interviews. Procedures We conducted thematic analysis to understand how school personnel approached employment preparation with this population. This analysis was guided by an occupational therapy transactional perspective. Outcomes and Results We developed a conceptual model to highlight the transactions across contextual factors in employment preparation. School personnel viewed creating a meaningful life in the community and maintaining employment as inseparable. School personnel also highlighted the importance of empowering youth, supportive environments, and cooperative parents. Conclusions and Implications In preparing youth with ASD for employment, school personnel equally valued contextual factors, individual characteristics, and the dynamic relations between these elements. Future intervention and service development should be guided by a consideration of the transactions between individual and environment.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101631
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101633

Titre :	Sleep problems and mental health difficulties in older adults who endorse high autistic traits
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gavin R. STEWART, Auteur ; Anne CORBETT, Auteur ; Clive BALLARD, Auteur ; Byron CREESE, Auteur ; Dag AARSLAND, Auteur ; Adam HAMPSHIRE, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101633
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autistic traits  ASD  Aging  Older adults  Sleep  Mental health  Depression  Anxiety
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Sleep problems and mental health difficulties are common in autistic children and young adults. However, these problems have seldom been studied in older autistic adults, or in older adults with elevated autistic traits. Method Cross-sectional data was examined from 13,897 adults aged 50–81 years taking part in the PROTECT study, who reported whether they experienced persistent socio-communicative autistic traits. Approximately 1%, 187 individuals, were identified as endorsing high autistic traits in childhood and currently, henceforth ‘Autism Spectrum Trait’ (AST) group. An age- and gender-matched comparison group was formed of 6740 individuals who endorsed no autistic traits, henceforth ‘Control Older Adults’ (COA) group. Differences between AST and COA groups were explored in self-reported sleep behaviors, and in depression and anxiety symptoms. Results AST and COA groups reported similar sleep duration and depth, and nighttime waking frequency. However, the AST group reported significantly more problems with falling asleep, morning drowsiness, and lower sleep quality/satisfaction than COA. More AST adults reported sleep problems past cut-off, as well as clinical levels of depression and anxiety, compared to COA. Adults in both groups who met criteria for high sleep problems experienced more mental health difficulties than those with few sleep problems. However, even amongst those without depression/anxiety, the AST group reported more sleep problems than the COA. Conclusions These associations suggest that older adults with high autistic traits, like diagnosed autistic children/young adults, may experience poorer sleep and more mental health difficulties than those with low autistic traits. Further work is needed to see whether these results extend to older individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for autism.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101633
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] Sleep problems and mental health difficulties in older adults who endorse high autistic traits [texte imprimé] / Gavin R. STEWART, Auteur ; Anne CORBETT, Auteur ; Clive BALLARD, Auteur ; Byron CREESE, Auteur ; Dag AARSLAND, Auteur ; Adam HAMPSHIRE, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - 101633.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101633

Mots-clés :	Autistic traits  ASD  Aging  Older adults  Sleep  Mental health  Depression  Anxiety
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Sleep problems and mental health difficulties are common in autistic children and young adults. However, these problems have seldom been studied in older autistic adults, or in older adults with elevated autistic traits. Method Cross-sectional data was examined from 13,897 adults aged 50–81 years taking part in the PROTECT study, who reported whether they experienced persistent socio-communicative autistic traits. Approximately 1%, 187 individuals, were identified as endorsing high autistic traits in childhood and currently, henceforth ‘Autism Spectrum Trait’ (AST) group. An age- and gender-matched comparison group was formed of 6740 individuals who endorsed no autistic traits, henceforth ‘Control Older Adults’ (COA) group. Differences between AST and COA groups were explored in self-reported sleep behaviors, and in depression and anxiety symptoms. Results AST and COA groups reported similar sleep duration and depth, and nighttime waking frequency. However, the AST group reported significantly more problems with falling asleep, morning drowsiness, and lower sleep quality/satisfaction than COA. More AST adults reported sleep problems past cut-off, as well as clinical levels of depression and anxiety, compared to COA. Adults in both groups who met criteria for high sleep problems experienced more mental health difficulties than those with few sleep problems. However, even amongst those without depression/anxiety, the AST group reported more sleep problems than the COA. Conclusions These associations suggest that older adults with high autistic traits, like diagnosed autistic children/young adults, may experience poorer sleep and more mental health difficulties than those with low autistic traits. Further work is needed to see whether these results extend to older individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for autism.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101633
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] 
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101644

Titre :	Classification of autism spectrum disorder from blood metabolites: Robustness to the presence of co-occurring conditions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Troy VARGASON, Auteur ; Emily ROTH, Auteur ; Genevieve GRIVAS, Auteur ; Jennifer FERINA, Auteur ; Richard E. FRYE, Auteur ; Juergen HAHN, Auteur
Article en page(s) :	101644
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Co-occurring conditions  Folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism  Transsulfuration  Multivariate analysis  Classification
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Previous studies have found plasma measurements of metabolites from the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) and transsulfuration (TS) pathways to be useful for differentiating individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from their typically developing peers. However, ASD is heterogeneous due to wide variation in the presence of co-occurring behavioral and medical conditions, and it is unknown how these conditions influence the ability to identify ASD based on FOCM/TS metabolites. Method This study employs a previously developed multivariate model that makes use of five FOCM/TS measurements (S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine, glutamylcysteine, glutathione disulfide, free cystine/free cysteine, and percent oxidized glutathione) to distinguish children with ASD from typically developing children. The model is used here to evaluate an independent cohort of individuals having ASD with diagnosed co-occurring conditions (age range 2–17 years old) and assess classifier performance in the presence/absence of these conditions. The four categories of co-occurring conditions considered were allergic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, immune/metabolic disorders, and neurological disorders. All data were collected and retrospectively analyzed from previous clinical studies. Results The model was able to identify 124 of 131 participants with ASD (94.7 %) correctly regardless of co-occurring condition status. Model performance was generally not sensitive to the absence or presence of most co-occurring conditions, with the exceptions of ever/never having allergies or gastrointestinal symptoms, or currently (not) having any condition, all of which had minor impacts on model prediction accuracy. Conclusion The results of this exploratory study suggest that a FOCM/TS-based classifier for diagnosing ASD may potentially be robust to variations in co-occurring conditions and potentially applicable across ASD subtypes. Larger, more comprehensive follow-up studies with typically developing and/or developmentally delayed control groups are required to provide a more conclusive assessment of classifier robustness to co-occurring conditions.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101644
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329

[article] Classification of autism spectrum disorder from blood metabolites: Robustness to the presence of co-occurring conditions [texte imprimé] / Troy VARGASON, Auteur ; Emily ROTH, Auteur ; Genevieve GRIVAS, Auteur ; Jennifer FERINA, Auteur ; Richard E. FRYE, Auteur ; Juergen HAHN, Auteur . - 101644.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 77 (September 2020) . - 101644

Mots-clés :	Autism spectrum disorder  Co-occurring conditions  Folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism  Transsulfuration  Multivariate analysis  Classification
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Background Previous studies have found plasma measurements of metabolites from the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) and transsulfuration (TS) pathways to be useful for differentiating individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from their typically developing peers. However, ASD is heterogeneous due to wide variation in the presence of co-occurring behavioral and medical conditions, and it is unknown how these conditions influence the ability to identify ASD based on FOCM/TS metabolites. Method This study employs a previously developed multivariate model that makes use of five FOCM/TS measurements (S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine, glutamylcysteine, glutathione disulfide, free cystine/free cysteine, and percent oxidized glutathione) to distinguish children with ASD from typically developing children. The model is used here to evaluate an independent cohort of individuals having ASD with diagnosed co-occurring conditions (age range 2–17 years old) and assess classifier performance in the presence/absence of these conditions. The four categories of co-occurring conditions considered were allergic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, immune/metabolic disorders, and neurological disorders. All data were collected and retrospectively analyzed from previous clinical studies. Results The model was able to identify 124 of 131 participants with ASD (94.7 %) correctly regardless of co-occurring condition status. Model performance was generally not sensitive to the absence or presence of most co-occurring conditions, with the exceptions of ever/never having allergies or gastrointestinal symptoms, or currently (not) having any condition, all of which had minor impacts on model prediction accuracy. Conclusion The results of this exploratory study suggest that a FOCM/TS-based classifier for diagnosing ASD may potentially be robust to variations in co-occurring conditions and potentially applicable across ASD subtypes. Larger, more comprehensive follow-up studies with typically developing and/or developmentally delayed control groups are required to provide a more conclusive assessment of classifier robustness to co-occurring conditions.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101644
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4329