Characteristics of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young people with PTSD following multiple trauma exposure / Ella BEESON ; Tim DALGLEISH ; Andrea DANESE ; Joanne HODGEKINS ; Gerwyn MAHONEY-DAVIES ; Patrick SMITH ; Paul STALLARD ; Jon WILSON ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-6 (June 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-6 (June 2024) . - p.822-831 Titre : Characteristics of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young people with PTSD following multiple trauma exposure Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ella BEESON, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur ; Andrea DANESE, Auteur ; Joanne HODGEKINS, Auteur ; Gerwyn MAHONEY-DAVIES, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Paul STALLARD, Auteur ; Jon WILSON, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p.822-831 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Complex PTSD (CPTSD) is a relatively new diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to investigate how trauma characteristics, comorbid psychopathology and cognitive and social factors experienced by children and adolescents with a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis following exposure to multiple traumatic events differs between those who meet the criteria for CPTSD and those who do not. Method The present research used baseline data from the DECRYPT trial (BMJ Open, 2021, 11, e047600). Participants (n = 120) were aged 8-17 years and had exposure to multiple traumas and a PTSD diagnosis. The data collected comprised self-report and parent/caregiver-report questionnaires and interviews. Three primary analyses were conducted, comparing number of trauma types, prevalence of sexual trauma and prevalence of intrafamilial abuse between the CPTSD and PTSD-only groups. A range of comorbid psychopathology and cognitive and social factors were compared between the groups in an exploratory secondary analysis. All analyses were preregistered. Results The CPTSD group (n = 72, 60%) had a significantly higher frequency of sexual trauma than the PTSD-only group (n = 48, 40%). The groups did not significantly differ on number of trauma types or prevalence of intrafamilial abuse. From the secondary analysis, the CPTSD group were found to have significantly higher scores on measures of negative post-traumatic cognitions, depression and panic. These results were replicated in correlation analyses using a continuous measure of CPTSD symptoms. Conclusions A large proportion of youth exposed to multiple traumatic events met criteria for CPTSD. Sexual trauma appears to be related to CPTSD symptoms. Youth with CPTSD appear to have greater severity of comorbid depression and panic symptoms, as well as more negative post-traumatic cognitions. Further investigation could focus on the directionality and mechanisms for these associations. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13918 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=529 [article] Characteristics of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young people with PTSD following multiple trauma exposure [texte imprimé] / Ella BEESON, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur ; Andrea DANESE, Auteur ; Joanne HODGEKINS, Auteur ; Gerwyn MAHONEY-DAVIES, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Paul STALLARD, Auteur ; Jon WILSON, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur . - 2024 . - p.822-831. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-6 (June 2024) . - p.822-831 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Complex PTSD (CPTSD) is a relatively new diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to investigate how trauma characteristics, comorbid psychopathology and cognitive and social factors experienced by children and adolescents with a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis following exposure to multiple traumatic events differs between those who meet the criteria for CPTSD and those who do not. Method The present research used baseline data from the DECRYPT trial (BMJ Open, 2021, 11, e047600). Participants (n = 120) were aged 8-17 years and had exposure to multiple traumas and a PTSD diagnosis. The data collected comprised self-report and parent/caregiver-report questionnaires and interviews. Three primary analyses were conducted, comparing number of trauma types, prevalence of sexual trauma and prevalence of intrafamilial abuse between the CPTSD and PTSD-only groups. A range of comorbid psychopathology and cognitive and social factors were compared between the groups in an exploratory secondary analysis. All analyses were preregistered. Results The CPTSD group (n = 72, 60%) had a significantly higher frequency of sexual trauma than the PTSD-only group (n = 48, 40%). The groups did not significantly differ on number of trauma types or prevalence of intrafamilial abuse. From the secondary analysis, the CPTSD group were found to have significantly higher scores on measures of negative post-traumatic cognitions, depression and panic. These results were replicated in correlation analyses using a continuous measure of CPTSD symptoms. Conclusions A large proportion of youth exposed to multiple traumatic events met criteria for CPTSD. Sexual trauma appears to be related to CPTSD symptoms. Youth with CPTSD appear to have greater severity of comorbid depression and panic symptoms, as well as more negative post-traumatic cognitions. Further investigation could focus on the directionality and mechanisms for these associations. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13918 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=529

Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.623-633 Titre : Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; David TRICKEY, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.623-633 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however, considerable natural recovery may still occur up to 6-months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2- to 6-months post-trauma). Methods Twenty-nine youth (8–17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2–6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n = 14) or waiting list (WL; n = 15) for 10 weeks. Results Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at posttreatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04–.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-month posttreatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviours, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of ‘watchful waiting’ into the 2- to 6-month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306 [article] Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action [texte imprimé] / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; David TRICKEY, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur . - p.623-633. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.623-633 Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however, considerable natural recovery may still occur up to 6-months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2- to 6-months post-trauma). Methods Twenty-nine youth (8–17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2–6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n = 14) or waiting list (WL; n = 15) for 10 weeks. Results Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at posttreatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04–.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-month posttreatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviours, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of ‘watchful waiting’ into the 2- to 6-month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306

Commentary: The doctor will not see you now – therapist-light therapy for PTSD in children as the way ahead? Reflections on Salloum et al. (2016) / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-5 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-5 (May 2016) . - p.623-624 Titre : Commentary: The doctor will not see you now – therapist-light therapy for PTSD in children as the way ahead? Reflections on Salloum et al. (2016) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.623-624 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Salloum and colleagues have presented data in support of a novel and cost-effective approach to the treatment of PTSD in young children. In this commentary, I outline an argument for why their stepped-care model may be an important change to how psychological therapies for trauma-exposed youth are delivered, and propose further caveats that need to be addressed in future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 [article] Commentary: The doctor will not see you now – therapist-light therapy for PTSD in children as the way ahead? Reflections on Salloum et al. (2016) [texte imprimé] / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur . - p.623-624. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-5 (May 2016) . - p.623-624 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Salloum and colleagues have presented data in support of a novel and cost-effective approach to the treatment of PTSD in young children. In this commentary, I outline an argument for why their stepped-care model may be an important change to how psychological therapies for trauma-exposed youth are delivered, and propose further caveats that need to be addressed in future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288

A core role for cognitive processes in the acute onset and maintenance of post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-8 (August 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-8 (August 2019) . - p.875-884 Titre : A core role for cognitive processes in the acute onset and maintenance of post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.875-884 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive development  early intervention  longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to trauma in children and adolescents. While a significant minority of trauma-exposed youth go on to have persistent PTSD, many youths who initially have a severe traumatic stress response undergo natural recovery. The present study investigated the role of cognitive processes in shaping the early reactions of child and adolescents to traumatic stressors, and the transition to persistent clinically significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study of youth aged 8-17 years who had attended a hospital emergency department following single trauma was undertaken, with assessments performed at 2-4 weeks (N = 226) and 2 months (N = 208) post-trauma. Acute stress disorder and PTSD were assessed using a structured interview, while PTSS, depression severity and peritraumatic and post-traumatic cognitive processes were assessed using self-report questionnaires. On the basis of their PTSS scores at each assessment, participants were categorised as being on a resilient, recovery or persistent trajectory. RESULTS: PTSS decreased between the two assessments. Cognitive processes at the 2- to 4-week assessment accounted for the most variance in PTSS at both the initial and follow-up assessment. The onset of post-traumatic stress was associated particularly with peritraumatic subjective threat, data-driven processing and pain. Its maintenance was associated with greater peritraumatic dissociation and panic, and post-traumatic persistent dissociation, trauma memory quality, rumination and negative appraisals. Efforts to deliberately process the trauma were more common in youth who experienced the onset of clinically significant PTSS. Regression modelling indicated that the predictive effect of baseline negative appraisals remained when also accounting for baseline PTSS and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive processes play an important role in the onset and maintenance of PTSS in children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Trauma-related appraisals play a particular role when considering whether youth make the transition from clinically significant acute PTSS to persistent PTSS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13054 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=404 [article] A core role for cognitive processes in the acute onset and maintenance of post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents [texte imprimé] / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur . - p.875-884. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-8 (August 2019) . - p.875-884 Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive development  early intervention  longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to trauma in children and adolescents. While a significant minority of trauma-exposed youth go on to have persistent PTSD, many youths who initially have a severe traumatic stress response undergo natural recovery. The present study investigated the role of cognitive processes in shaping the early reactions of child and adolescents to traumatic stressors, and the transition to persistent clinically significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study of youth aged 8-17 years who had attended a hospital emergency department following single trauma was undertaken, with assessments performed at 2-4 weeks (N = 226) and 2 months (N = 208) post-trauma. Acute stress disorder and PTSD were assessed using a structured interview, while PTSS, depression severity and peritraumatic and post-traumatic cognitive processes were assessed using self-report questionnaires. On the basis of their PTSS scores at each assessment, participants were categorised as being on a resilient, recovery or persistent trajectory. RESULTS: PTSS decreased between the two assessments. Cognitive processes at the 2- to 4-week assessment accounted for the most variance in PTSS at both the initial and follow-up assessment. The onset of post-traumatic stress was associated particularly with peritraumatic subjective threat, data-driven processing and pain. Its maintenance was associated with greater peritraumatic dissociation and panic, and post-traumatic persistent dissociation, trauma memory quality, rumination and negative appraisals. Efforts to deliberately process the trauma were more common in youth who experienced the onset of clinically significant PTSS. Regression modelling indicated that the predictive effect of baseline negative appraisals remained when also accounting for baseline PTSS and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive processes play an important role in the onset and maintenance of PTSS in children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Trauma-related appraisals play a particular role when considering whether youth make the transition from clinically significant acute PTSS to persistent PTSS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13054 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=404

Cost-effectiveness of cognitive therapy as an early intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a trial based evaluation and model / Jane SHEARER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-7 (July 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-7 (July 2018) . - p.773-780 Titre : Cost-effectiveness of cognitive therapy as an early intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a trial based evaluation and model Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jane SHEARER, Auteur ; Nestor PAPANIKOLAOU, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; Sarah BYFORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.773-780 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Economic evaluation  cognitive therapy  post-traumatic stress disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Untreated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents is associated with a considerable economic burden on the health system, families and society. Recent research has demonstrated the potential efficacy of cognitive therapy as an early intervention for PTSD in children and adolescents. Children who experienced a single traumatic event in the previous two to six months and were randomized to cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) were significantly more likely to be PTSD-free compared to those randomized to usual care represented by waitlist control. The current study evaluated the economic impact of improvements in the treatment of PTSD in children and adolescents. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the national health service/personal social services perspective with outcomes expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Patient level costs and outcomes were collected during the 11 week clinical trial and extrapolated to a three year time horizon using economic modelling methods. Uncertainty was estimated using probabilistic sensitivity analysis and assumptions were tested using one way sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at 3 years was pound2,205 per QALY with a 60%-69% probability of CT-PTSD being cost-effective compared to usual care at the UK pound20,000 to pound30,000 per QALY decision threshold. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence for the cost-effectiveness of cognitive therapy in this treatment population. Larger pragmatic trials with longer follow-up are indicated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12851 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Cost-effectiveness of cognitive therapy as an early intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a trial based evaluation and model [texte imprimé] / Jane SHEARER, Auteur ; Nestor PAPANIKOLAOU, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; Sarah BYFORD, Auteur . - p.773-780. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-7 (July 2018) . - p.773-780 Mots-clés : Economic evaluation  cognitive therapy  post-traumatic stress disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Untreated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents is associated with a considerable economic burden on the health system, families and society. Recent research has demonstrated the potential efficacy of cognitive therapy as an early intervention for PTSD in children and adolescents. Children who experienced a single traumatic event in the previous two to six months and were randomized to cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) were significantly more likely to be PTSD-free compared to those randomized to usual care represented by waitlist control. The current study evaluated the economic impact of improvements in the treatment of PTSD in children and adolescents. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the national health service/personal social services perspective with outcomes expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Patient level costs and outcomes were collected during the 11 week clinical trial and extrapolated to a three year time horizon using economic modelling methods. Uncertainty was estimated using probabilistic sensitivity analysis and assumptions were tested using one way sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at 3 years was pound2,205 per QALY with a 60%-69% probability of CT-PTSD being cost-effective compared to usual care at the UK pound20,000 to pound30,000 per QALY decision threshold. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence for the cost-effectiveness of cognitive therapy in this treatment population. Larger pragmatic trials with longer follow-up are indicated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12851 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Cost-effectiveness of psychological interventions for children and young people with post-traumatic stress disorder / Ifigeneia MAVRANEZOULI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-6 (June 2020)  

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Development and validation of the Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI) / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-4 (April 2009)  

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Dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions, posttraumatic stress and depression in children and adolescents exposed to trauma: a network analysis / Anke DE HAAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-1 (January 2020)  

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Early-stage randomised controlled trial of therapist-supported online cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in young people / Patrick SMITH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-8 (August 2025)  

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A longitudinal investigation of the role of parental responses in predicting children's post-traumatic distress / Rachel M. HILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-7 (July 2018)  

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A longitudinal study of cognitive predictors of (complex) post-traumatic stress in young people in out-of-home care / Rachel M. HILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-1 (January 2021)  

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Practitioner Review: Posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment in children and adolescents / Paula SMITH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-5 (May 2019)  

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Prevalence and predictive value of ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder and Complex PTSD diagnoses in children and adolescents exposed to a single-event trauma / Rachel ELLIOTT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-3 (March 2021)  

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Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study / Rachel M. HILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

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Research Review: Psychological and psychosocial treatments for children and young people with post-traumatic stress disorder: a network meta-analysis / Ifigeneia MAVRANEZOULI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-1 (January 2020)  

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